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《作物杂志》2017,(2)
镰刀菌是引发马铃薯干腐病的病原菌,不仅导致马铃薯产量下降,还影响其储藏和品质。明确黑龙江省主栽马铃薯品种对镰刀菌的抗病性具有重要意义。选取强致病性菌燕麦镰刀菌(F.avenaceum)和弱致病性菌拟枝孢镰刀菌(F.sporotrichioides)接种黑龙江省21个主栽马铃薯品种,采用病级分类和系统聚类分析方法进行抗病性评价。结果表明,不同马铃薯品种对强致病性菌燕麦镰刀菌表现抗性的品种有5个、中抗的有11个和感病的有5个;对弱致病性菌拟枝孢镰刀菌具抗性的品种有3个、中抗的12个和感病的6个。不同致病菌对马铃薯品种的致病性不同,诺兰、克新1号和东农311对两种镰刀菌都具有抗性,鲁引1号、尤金、克新18号和克新19号对两种镰刀菌都较易感病。 相似文献
3.
内蒙古中部地区苜蓿根腐病病原研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了查明内蒙古中部地区苜蓿根腐病的主要致病菌,按照柯赫氏法则对呼和浩特地区感染苜蓿根腐病的317个样品进行病原物分离鉴定。结果表明：呼和浩特地区的苜蓿根腐病是由多种病原菌混合侵染所致,从发病部位分离到的菌株以镰孢霉（Fusarium spp．）为优势病原,经致病性测定和接种试验证明,茄病镰刀菌（F．solani）致病性最强,接种后发病率达90．0％,其次是尖孢镰刀菌（F．oxysporum）和黄色镰刀菌（F．culmorum）,发病率分别为61．7％和81．7％。茄病镰刀菌是苜蓿根腐病的主要病原菌,与黄色镰刀菌或尖孢镰刀菌复合侵染后,发病率高于黄色镰刀菌或尖孢镰刀菌单独接种的发病率。 相似文献
4.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(19):6448-6452
人参病害严重影响着人参产业的持续健康发展,为明确人参根部病害的发病情况及致病菌种类,本研究从中国农业科学院特产研究所左家资源圃的患病人参植株上共分离纯化获得8株致病菌株,在PDA培养基上观察病原菌菌落及分生孢子形态特征,采用rDNA-ITS序列分析方法鉴定了人参根腐病主要致病菌种类。结果表明,分离纯化的菌株中,6株为腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani),rDNA-ITS序列与GenBank中的腐皮镰刀菌相似性达99%;2株为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),rDNA-ITS序列与GenBank中的尖孢镰刀菌相似性达99%。2种病原菌的致病性测定结果表明,腐皮镰刀菌的致病力要比尖孢镰刀菌的强一些。本研究结果对人参抗病育种和致病机理的研究具有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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马铃薯干腐病主要致病菌DNA提取方法比较 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
马铃薯干腐病是由镰刀菌导致的马铃薯窖储真菌病害之一,获得高质量镰刀菌的DNA是建立马铃薯干腐病分子检测的前提。本试验采用改良SDS法和2×CTAB法对黑龙江省马铃薯干腐病五种镰刀菌的DNA提取方法进行了比较。结果表明,在腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani (Mart.)）和拟丝孢镰刀菌（Fusarium trichothecioides Wollenw）的DNA提取过程中,改良SDS法优于2×CTAB,获得的DNA含量较高、条带较亮、纯度较高、完整性较好,而对于燕麦镰刀菌（Fusarium avenaceum (Corda & Fr.) Sacc）、接骨木镰刀(Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel)和拟枝镰刀菌（Fusarium sporotrioides Sherb）的DNA提取两种方法差异不大,但获得的DNA都可以很好的应用到后面的分子实验过程中,此试验获得的结果可以为马铃薯干腐病致病菌的分子生物学研究提供基础。 相似文献
6.
渝产多花黄精根腐病病原菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2020,(11)
为了明确重庆地区多花黄精根腐病的病原菌,并进一步为该病害的防治提供理论依据。采集典型根腐病症状的多花黄精样品,通过切片和组织分离法对病原菌进行分离和纯化。按柯赫氏法则对其致病性测定,并对其中毒性最强的菌株L_1和L_6进行形态学、分子生物学鉴定。结果表明:分离的致病菌经形态学初步鉴定分别为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和腐皮镰刀菌(F. solani);柯赫氏法则表明两种病原菌都能使多花黄精发病,发病症状与田间症状一致,且存在复合侵染现象;PCR技术扩增病菌rDNA-ITS基因,获得长度为600 bp、570 bp的DNA片段,菌株序列与尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌的序列同源性分别达到99%;ITS系统发育树上,L_1与尖孢镰刀菌和L_6与腐皮镰刀菌聚在同一分支上。结合形态特征、序列分析和系统进化分析,确定尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌是引起多花黄精根腐病的病原菌。本研究可为根腐病拮抗菌的筛选和多花黄精——根腐病互作机理研究提供帮助。 相似文献
7.
《作物杂志》2017,(1)
马铃薯干腐病会导致马铃薯在窖藏过程中发生腐烂,影响薯块的商品价值和食用价值。黄色镰刀菌(Fusarium culmorum)为黑龙江省马铃薯干腐病的主要致病菌。为观察镰刀菌对马铃薯块茎的侵染过程,对不同抗性的马铃薯品种(克新1号和大西洋)块茎在黄色镰刀菌侵染过程中的组织细胞学进行观察,结果表明,侵染2d时,马铃薯薯块内部出现了菌丝和孢子的积累;侵染16d时,薯块严重腐烂,其中克新1号块茎的病斑面积约占44.44%,大西洋的病斑面积约占89.34%。在显微结构观察中发现,侵染3d时,黄色镰刀菌已经在马铃薯块茎中大量积累,在侵染过程中薯块细胞的细胞壁呈现加厚和破损的现象,抗性马铃薯品种的受害病症出现相对较晚。克新1号相对大西洋表现出较强的抗病性。 相似文献
8.
为弄清火龙果茎腐病的病原和分类地位,并进一步为该病害的有效防治提供理论依据。本研究从琼海、临高、陵水等地广泛采集病样。经田间症状调查、组织纯化培养、病原形态观察、致病力测定、真菌ITS序列和系统进化分析,鉴定了该病害的病原。结果表明:病原分离物具有典型的镰刀菌形态特征,菌丝浓密,产生紫色素,小型分生孢子新月形,大型分生孢子镰刀形,有多个隔;而在ITS序列分析中,代表菌株47A4和47A5与NCBI数据库中尖孢镰刀菌的多条ITS序列(登录号分别为KJ653447.1, DQ535184.1和KM268692.1)相似性达100%;系统进化树上,47A4和47A5与尖孢镰刀菌聚在同一分支上,遗传距离最近,而与非纯培养镰刀菌克隆3.91E在不同分支上,遗传距离远。结合形态特征、序列分析和系统进化分析,将火龙果茎腐病的病原鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。研究结果对火龙果茎腐病流行规律、致灾机理的研究具有重要的指导作用。 相似文献
9.
中国芝麻主产区枯萎病病原菌生物学特性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了鉴定中国芝麻主产区枯萎病菌,分析和比较它们的ITS序列差异和分化状况。对中国湖北、河南、安徽、江西、辽宁等芝麻主产区进行了较大范围的芝麻枯萎病病原采集和菌株分离,纯化培养得到的25个菌株进行研究,并建立了一套较成熟的芝麻枯萎病菌株分离培养纯化及保存技术。通过对25个菌株的菌落、菌核的形态特征进行了系统观察,测定了不同菌株的致病力,并对其rDNA-ITS区进行了测序。结果表明,大部分为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),有少部分为其他镰刀菌菌株。首次对中国Fusarium oxysporum感染芝麻枯萎病提供了系统的证据,25个菌株在表型和致病力等方面存在较为明显的差异,为有针对性的开展芝麻枯萎病的防治奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
10.
采用形态学观察结合ITS及26S序列的鉴定来确定真菌的种属。通过系统发育树的构建来确定稻谷真菌之间的亲缘关系及多样性。通过形态学观察结合真菌ITS序列及26S序列分别对稻谷原粮中分离获得的33株真菌进行了鉴定,主要为青霉菌(Penicillium),曲霉属(Aspergillus),镰刀菌(Fusarium)等菌属,其中青霉属与曲霉属最多分别为16株,15株,而镰刀菌属仅2株。两种序列鉴定结果的结合能更加准确地鉴定稻谷原粮中菌株的种属,为稻谷储藏过程中的真菌种类鉴别及生物控制提供研究基础。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
14.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献