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1.
在实验室和温室条件下研究不同温度、光照、水势、盐分对鹅观草种子萌发以及埋土深度对鹅观草出苗的影响。结果表明,鹅观草种子萌发的昼/夜温度范围为20℃/10℃~35℃/25℃,最适昼/夜温度为25℃/15℃;黑暗条件下,鹅观草种子萌发率较光照下略有提高,说明鹅观草萌发不需要光照;鹅观草种子对水势胁迫较敏感,水势从0下降至-0.8 MPa时,发芽率从93%直线下降至0;鹅观草种子对盐分胁迫具有一定耐受性,当NaCl浓度≤50 mmol/L时,种子均能保持80%以上的萌发率。50%萌发抑制率时的水势和NaCl浓度分别约为-0.4 MPa和100 mmol/L。埋土深度为0.5 cm时,鹅观草出苗率最高,埋土深度≥3 cm时出苗率显著下降。表明鹅观草种子萌发具有较强的环境适应性,通过耕作将其种子带入4 cm以下土层,可有效抑制鹅观草的危害。 相似文献
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不同环境因素对猪殃殃种子萌发及出苗的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨猪殃殃种子萌发的适宜环境条件,通过室内萌发试验研究了温度、光照、pH、水势、盐分对猪殃殃种子萌发以及埋土深度对其出苗的影响。结果表明,猪殃殃种子萌发的适宜环境条件为温度10~20℃、光暗12h交替培养以及pH 4~10,萌发率可达到50%以上。猪殃殃种子对水势比较敏感,萌发率随着水势的降低而降低,当水势为0时,萌发率为50.50%,水势降低至-0.6 MPa时,仅有个别种子萌发,萌发率为3.50%,当水势为-0.7 MPa时,种子萌发完全受到抑制;猪殃殃种子对盐分胁迫有一定忍耐力,当NaCl浓度为0.16mol/L时,仍有少数种子萌发,萌发率为16.50%;适于猪殃殃种子出苗的埋土深度是1~2cm,出苗率达到49.50%。研究结果为猪殃殃的出苗调控和综合治理提供了依据。 相似文献
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为明确野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum种子的休眠特性及萌发适宜的环境条件,采用培养皿法和盆钵法研究野老鹳草种子萌发和出苗适宜的条件,记录种子萌发数,计算种子萌发率、平均萌发时间及萌发指数。结果显示,野老鹳草具有较长的休眠期,新采集的野老鹳草种子在室温干储210 d后可以解除休眠;在10~25℃的恒温条件下种子萌发率均在93.8%以上;有无光照及光周期的长短对种子的萌发无影响;对酸碱度不敏感,在pH 4~10范围内种子萌发率均在91.3%以上;对水势具有一定耐受力,抑制50%种子萌发率所需的水势为-0.42 MPa;盐分对野老鹳草种子萌发具有一定抑制作用,当盐浓度达到160 mmol/L时基本不能萌发;此外,种子在土壤垂直深度5 cm以内时仍然可以出苗,对播种深度适应性较强。表明野老鹳草种子具有较长休眠期,土壤层积可解除种子休眠;而且野老鹳草种子对温度、光照、土壤酸碱度、播种深度适应性较强,水势及盐分对种子萌发有一定影响。 相似文献
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为了明确恶性杂草野燕麦的萌发特性和化学防除技术,采用培养皿与盆栽相结合的方法,研究温度、光照、水势、盐胁迫、pH、土层深度对种子萌发的影响并评价麦田常用除草剂对野燕麦的除草活性。结果表明,野燕麦种子最适发芽温度为15~20℃。对光周期不敏感,全黑、全光照条件下均可正常萌发。当水势为-0.2~0 MPa时,发芽率可达80%左右,当水势降低至-0.8 MPa时,不能萌发。覆盖2~15cm的土层均可萌发,其中2~10cm土层中发芽率最高。适宜pH范围较广,在pH 5~9范围内,发芽率大于70%。耐盐胁迫能力较强,NaCl浓度160mmol/L时,发芽率大于50%。除草活性评价结果表明,炔草酯、唑啉草酯、精噁唑禾草灵、甲基二磺隆、氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺对4~6叶期野燕麦均有较好防效,供试药剂防效高低排序为:炔草酯、唑啉草酯精噁唑禾草灵甲基二磺隆氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺异丙隆。 相似文献
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少花蒺藜草是我国重要外来入侵植物之一。研究了环境因子对少花蒺藜草种子萌发和出苗的影响。研究结果表明,光照会促进少花蒺藜草种子休眠,少花蒺藜草种子萌发温度范围为15～40℃,最适萌发温度为25℃,萌发的临界温度在10～15℃;临界水势在－12～－10 MPa,水势在－8～－4 MPa的环境适宜少花蒺藜草生长。少花蒺藜草出苗临界土壤含水量在1．0％～2．5％,生长临界含水量在2．5％～5．0％;少花蒺藜草在pH值为2～12的条件下均可萌发生长,但pH值为12的条件更适合生长;少花蒺藜草种子在沙土中0～15 cm深度均可出苗,1～9 cm深度出苗率最高,在壤土中1～7 cm深度出苗率最高,超过11 cm不能出苗。 相似文献
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恶性杂草马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea）种子萌发特性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了明确恶性杂草马齿苋种子的萌发特性,本文研究了温度、光照、pH、水势、盐分及土层深度对其种子萌发的影响。结果表明：马齿苋种子在光照L∥D=14 h∥10 h、温度白天32 ℃,晚上28 ℃的变温条件下萌发率最高,为92%。马齿苋种子萌发适宜的酸碱度范围较宽,在5相似文献
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节节麦Aegilops tauschii Coss.是麦田难治杂草,研究环境条件对节节麦发芽的影响对预测其适生区域及综合治理有重要意义。以采自陕西、山东和河南的3个节节麦种群为对象,通过室内和室外萌发试验研究了水势、pH、盐分和播种深度与节节麦萌发的关系。结果表明,3个节节麦种群在不同的环境条件下表现出相似的萌发及出苗特性,其萌发对水势敏感,发芽率随水势的下降而降低,当渗透势小于-1.0 MPa时,种子不萌发;节节麦萌发对pH要求不高,在pH 3～10条件下发芽率均超过70%;其萌发具有一定的耐盐性,盐浓度为0 mmol/L时,发芽率最高,盐浓度大于420 mmol/L时,节节麦不能萌发;节节麦出苗率随播种深度的增加而降低,播种在土壤表面时,出苗率最高,播种深度大于10 cm时,未发现节节麦出苗。3个节节麦种群发芽对上述不同环境因子的反应差异不显著。 相似文献
9.
为了比较对精口恶唑禾草灵抗性及敏感菵草种群在萌发特性上的差异,采用培养皿法研究了温度、光照、pH值、水势、盐胁迫对其萌发的影响。结果表明,pH值为4-10条件下,2个种群的萌发率无显著性差异;全光照条件下,抗性菵草的萌发率显著低于敏感菵草;10℃条件下,抗性菵草的萌发率显著低于敏感菵草;水势胁迫和盐分胁迫对抗性菵草萌发的影响大于敏感菵草,当水势为-0.5 MPa时,抗性菵草无萌发,敏感菵草萌发率为41.9%;当NaC l溶液浓度为160 mmol/L时,抗性菵草无萌发,敏感菵草的萌发率为51.7%。 相似文献
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以天祝县青海云杉天然种群种子为研究对象,通过对种子生活力测定,分析种子萌发对温度、光照、水分和盐分胁迫的响应,为引种提供参考数据。结果表明：① 种子的生活力为72%。② 在黑暗条件下,温度小于10 ℃种子不萌发,最适萌发温度25/15 ℃(72%);种子在24 h黑暗和24 h光照条件下的萌发率显著高于14 h光照/10 h黑暗。③ 当NaCl胁迫浓度为50 mmol·L-1时,可促进种子萌发,当胁迫浓度大于50 mmol·L-1时,抑制种子萌发;胁迫解除后,随着胁迫浓度的增加,恢复萌发率(RGR)先增加后减小,胁迫浓度为400 mmol·L-1时,RGR达到最大值13%。④ 随着PEG-6000试剂胁迫渗透势的增加,种子萌发显著减少,在-0.9 MPa时,种子不能萌发;胁迫解除后,RGR先增加后减少,在-0.9 MPa时,达到最大值35%。 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
14.
棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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Sj J. Gerbrandy 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(5):269-276
The variability of dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates ofSclerotium cepivorum was investigated. Of all isolates tested, the freshly harvested sclerotia were dormant. After drying for 48 hours the sclerotia of six isolates were able to germinate, two isolates stayed dormant and two isolates were infested by hyperparasitic fungi. After storage in soil at 5°C or 20°C, the sclerotia of the different isolates exhibited considerable differences in respect to germination capability, but all isolates showed highest germination after a treatment of 8 weeks at 20°C followed by 8 weeks at 5°C. The sclerotia of all isolates showed an increased capacity to germinate withoutAllium extracts at 10°C after pretreatment at 30°C for 28 days. 相似文献
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Zahida Iqbal Syuntaro Hiradate Akio Noda Sei-Ichi Isojima Yoshiharu Fujii 《Weed Biology and Management》2002,2(2):110-115
The allelopathic potential of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) was investigated. Field study showed that living buckwheat reduced weed biomass compared with plots without buckwheat. Laboratory study revealed that root exudates suppressed root and shoot growth of weeds and reduced weed dry weight. Sequential partitioning of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of buckwheat showed that the chloroform extract caused an 80% reduction in radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings at a concentration of less than 100 p.p.m. Fagomine, 4-piperidone and 2-piperidinemethanol were isolated and identified by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance from the chloroform extract. These compounds caused a 50% inhibition of radicle elongation in lettuce seedlings at concentrations of less than 100 p.p.m. These results suggest that compounds 1, 2, and 3 might act as allelochemicals and affect the growth or germination of different plant species. 相似文献