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1.
饲料脂肪水平对江黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了饲料中脂肪水平对江黄颡鱼幼鱼(平均体重0.44g)生长性能的影响。实验共设5个水平组,饲料脂肪水平分别为3.77%,4.82%,7.29%,8.37%,9.87%。每组20尾,3个平行,饲养66d。结果显示:随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,江黄颡鱼幼鱼的饲料系数呈上升趋势,蛋白质效率则呈下降趋势,增重率和特定生长率呈抛物线变化,但饲料系数和蛋白质效率差异不显著(P0.05),增重率和特定生长率差异显著(P0.05)。江黄颡鱼幼鱼肝脏中脂肪的蓄积量随饲料中脂肪水平的增加而增加。综合各项指标并分析增重率、特定生长率与脂肪水平的回归性关系,可以推测江黄颡鱼幼鱼期的饲料脂肪水平应该维持在7.59%~7.65%。  相似文献   

2.
饲料蛋白质和维生素C含量对黄颡鱼生长和免疫力的影响   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
王吉桥 《水产学报》2005,29(4):512-518
将黄颡鱼种放养在网箱中,投喂蛋白质含量30.0%、38.0%或46.0%和维生素C磷酸酯0、500、1000或1500mg·kg-1的半纯饲料。50d的饲养表明:饲料蛋白质含量在38%~40%时,鱼的特殊生长率和蛋白质效率最高,饲料系数最低。饲料维生素C磷酸酯含量为847、850、994和634mg·kg-1时,血清总蛋白、γ球蛋白、溶菌酶活性最高,超氧化物歧化酶活力最低。饲料蛋白质含量从30%上升到38%时,鱼体蛋白含量由60.95%升到69.86%,脂肪由29.27%降至21.69%;达46%时,鱼体蛋白(64.35%)含量下降,而脂肪(26.06%)含量上升。饲料粗蛋白含量为38%时,鱼肌肉中饱和与单不饱和脂肪酸的含量分别极显著地低于和显著高于饲料粗蛋白为30%和46%组。后两组鱼肌肉n-3/n-6值极显著和显著高于饲料蛋白含量为38%时,两个高蛋白饲料组中,鱼肌肉中n-6系列多不饱和脂肪酸和亚麻酸含量极显著和显著高于饲料蛋白30%组。黄颡鱼种饲料中蛋白质和维生素C的最适含量分别为35.58%~40.60%和600~800mg·kg-1。  相似文献   

3.
饲料中添加肉毒碱对黄颡鱼生长的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源、大豆油为脂质源配制成1个蛋白质水平(35%)X5个脂肪水平(4%,10%,16%,22%,26%)X2个肉毒碱水平(0mg/Kg,150mg/Kg)的10种配方饲料,投喂平均体重为(10.0±0.6)g的黄颡鱼,进行肉毒碱对黄颡鱼生长影响的研究。经100d饲养表明:饲养中添加150mg/Kg肉毒碱对黄颡鱼生长没有影响。在黄颡鱼低蛋白配合饲料中,体重增长率最大,饵料系数、蛋白质效率较好的是最低的脂肪含量组(4%)。高脂肪含量对黄颡鱼的生长不利。  相似文献   

4.
赵宇曦  刘兴国  周润锋  刘子秋 《水产学报》2023,47(7):079607-1-079607-11
使用光强控制法,探究了光照强度1-8W/m2范围内黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)生长、生理性能影响。结果表明,光强3-6W/m2黄颡鱼的增重率(8.33-11.78%)、特定增长率(0.53-0.74%)最高,饵料系数最低(6.42-9.17),黄颡鱼体内的胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性和丙二醛含量升高(P<0.01),而超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性降低(P<0.01),抗氧化、免疫性能受到抑制,因光照影响黄颡鱼的生长和消化性能,不同光强条件下养殖水体中的氨氮、溶氧等水质指标出现差异。本研究为黄颡鱼高效养殖提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

5.
以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源、大豆油为脂质源配制成3个蛋白质水平(35%、40%和45%)×2个能量水平(1.5×104J/g和1.6×104J/g)的6种试验饲料,投喂平均体重为(4.7±0.6)g的黄颡鱼,进行蛋白质和能量需要量的研究。经62 d饲养表明:黄颡鱼幼鱼配合饲料中的适宜蛋白质含量为41.47%~43.38%,最佳能量蛋白比为40.17。在6组试验饲料中,当蛋白质含量为40.38%,能量为1.622×104J/g时,体重增长率,蛋白质效率,肥满度均为最大值,分别为132.93%、1.14和1.76,饲料系数最低为2.17。  相似文献   

6.
以鱼油、豆油、亚麻籽油等比例混合,配成脂肪含量分别为5.45%(L1)、7.00%(L2)、10.44%(L3)、14.37%(L4)、16.34%(L5)、18.91%(L6)及20.15%(L7)的等氮饲料,饲喂俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)幼鱼[(6.20±0.02)g]8周。实验结果表明,L3组的终末体质量、增重率最大,但与L2组间无显著差异(P0.05),L3组的蛋白质效率显著高于其它组(P0.05),且饲料系数最低。L6和L7组终末体质量、增重率和蛋白质效率显著低于L2和L3组(P0.05)。将幼鱼的增重率与饲料脂肪水平进行回归分析,得出俄罗斯鲟幼鱼在饲料脂肪水平为10.69%时生长最佳。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,各组鱼的肝体比和体粗脂肪有上升趋势,其中肝体比在饲料脂肪含量大于14.37%时显著增大(P0.05)。血清中的甘油三酯、胆固醇含量也随脂肪水平升高而显著提高(P0.05),提示脂肪过高会影响俄罗斯鲟幼鱼的生长,降低蛋白质效率,导致脂肪在体内的过量积蓄。L7组鱼血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量最高,而L1组鱼的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量最高。肝脏脂蛋白酯酶活性随饲料脂肪水平的提高而升高,脂肪酸合成酶活性则随脂肪水平升高而降低,提示饲料脂肪水平的提高会促进鱼体脂肪的分解代谢。肝脏丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性均随着饲料脂肪水平的提高显著升高(P0.05),表明脂肪含量过高会导致脂质过氧化,引发机体抗氧化酶活性的升高。综合俄罗斯鲟幼鱼的生长、血液指标及抗氧化性能,建议生产中将幼鱼的饲料脂肪水平控制在7.00%~10.69%。  相似文献   

7.
在水温23±5℃下,将平均体质量10.32g的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)放养在27个60cm×60cm×120cm的微流水网箱中,饲喂3个蛋白质水平(32.0%、40.0%、48.0%),每个蛋白质水平设3个脂肪水平(3.0%、10.0%和17.0%)的饲料,饲养100d。结果表明:在3.0%脂肪水平下,黄颡鱼摄食含40.0%蛋白质的饲料时,平均末体质量、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著提高,饲料系数降低(P〈0.05)。在10.0%脂肪水平下,黄颡鱼摄食含48.0%蛋白质饲料时,饲料系数显著降低(P〈0.05),摄食含40.0%的蛋白质饲料次之。黄颡鱼摄食含48.0%蛋白质与3.0%脂肪饲料组和40.0%蛋白质与10.0%脂肪组的干物质消化率最高(P〈0.01);蛋白质消化率在48.0%蛋白质与3.0%脂肪达到最高(P〈0.01),脂肪消化率均在40.0%蛋白质与10.0%脂肪达到最高(P〈0.01)。实验表明,黄颡鱼幼鱼较为适宜的蛋白质和脂肪需要量分别为40.0%和10.0%。  相似文献   

8.
为研究大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)生长性能、体成分、消化酶活性和抗氧化功能的影响,以30%鱼粉组为对照组(A0),大豆小肽蛋白分别替代17%、33%和50%的鱼粉作为实验组(A17、A33和A50),配制4种等氮配合饲料。每组设置4个重复,每个重复饲喂30尾平均体重为(3.7±0.6) g的黄颡鱼幼鱼,进行为期80 d的饲养实验。结果显示,A17组生长性能与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),A33组除增重率(WGR)显著高于对照组外(P<0.05),其余指标均与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。A50组饵料系数(FCR)显著高于对照组和其他实验组(P<0.05),增重率、特定生长率(SGR)及蛋白质效率(PER)显著低于对照组和其他实验组(P<0.05)。各实验组肥满度(CF)和脏体比(VSI)与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼全鱼水分、灰分和粗蛋白含量无显著影响(P<0.05);然而,当大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉水平从33%升高至50%时,鱼体粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05)。各实验组肠脂肪酶和肠淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),A33和A50组胃淀粉酶显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)活性无影响。综上所述,黄颡鱼配合饲料中鱼粉替代量小于33%时,黄颡鱼生长性能最佳,且对鱼体肝脏抗氧化功能无不利影响。本研究首次探究大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼生长等的影响,以期为黄颡鱼饲料配制和大豆小肽蛋白的使用等提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
饲料中脂肪含量对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼生长和消化的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
在水温29.0±1.0℃下,将140日龄、体质量8~10g的七彩神仙鱼(Symphysodon aequifasciata)幼鱼放入室内54cm×40cm×28era的水箱中,投喂以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源(粗蛋白45.0%)、以豆油为脂肪源配制的5种脂肪水平(10.21%、12.02%、17.17%、21.0%,和22.14%)的饲料.90d的饲养表明,七彩神仙幼鱼的成活率变化在96.67%~100.0%之间,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05).随饲料中脂肪含量的增加,鱼的特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和增重率均先增加而后降低;摄食含12.02%脂肪饲料的鱼SGR、PER和增重率极显著地高于摄食含10.22%和22.14%脂肪饲料的鱼(P<0.001),而当鱼摄食含17.17%和21.05%脂肪的饲料时,SGR、PER和增重率与摄食含12.02%脂肪饲料的鱼差异不显著(P>0.05).当饲料中脂肪含量为12.02%时,鱼对饲料中蛋白质的消化率最高;摄食含脂肪为10.22%、12.02%和17.17%的饲料时,对饲料蛋白的消化率差异不显著(P>0.05).实验表明,七彩神仙鱼幼鱼饲料中适宜脂肪含量在12.02%~17.17%之间.  相似文献   

10.
采用"金字塔"设计法,用蛋白质、脂肪、糖作为饲料组成变量配制21组饲料,对不同配比饲料影响平均体重(6.43±0.17)g的点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)幼鱼的生长效果进行研究,确定点篮子鱼幼鱼饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和糖的最佳拟合比例。各试验组饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和糖的范围分别设为27%~45%、3%~18%和15%~24%,实验共持续56 d。结果表明,饲料中蛋白质水平对鱼体的特定生长率和相对增重率影响最大,脂肪水平的降低对鱼体生长有利,糖水平对鱼体生长的影响较小。低蛋白水平下,即饲料蛋白质水平低于40.38%时,饲料中脂肪水平和糖水平的升高或降低均不利于鱼体的生长;蛋白质水平高于43.75%的高蛋白低脂肪低糖饲料不能明显提高鱼体生长性能。当饲料中蛋白质水平为40.38%~42.49%、脂肪水平为6.33%~7.87%、糖水平为19.52%~21.14%时,鱼体生长性能和饲料效率最为理想。肌肉测定结果表明,点篮子鱼这种杂食性鱼类,饲料中蛋白质水平大于38.44%时,蛋白质就能在点篮子鱼肌肉中较好地沉积,高蛋白低脂肪低糖饲料不会显著提高肌肉中蛋白质的沉积,却会使脂肪和糖原的沉积量增加。综合点篮子鱼的生长性能和肌肉营养组成的研究结果,确定点篮子鱼饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和糖的最佳拟合比例为42.49%、6.33%和21.14%。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

18.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.  相似文献   

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