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1.
果寡糖对猪粪便细菌群作用下L-色氨酸代谢的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本试验研究了果寡糖对猪粪便细菌群作用下L -色氨酸代谢的影响。将 10 % (W/V)粪水厌氧分装于无菌瓶中 ,分成 4组 :1组 (对照 )添加 2 5 0 μmol/LL -色氨酸 ;2～ 4组 :分别在对照组的基础上添加 0 .5 % ,1.0 %和 1.5 %果寡糖。 38℃、厌氧培养。在培养期的不同时间点 (0 ,2 ,4 ,6 ,8,12 ,18,2 4h)分别从各瓶中取 1mL培养液 ,分析各培养液中吲哚类物质含量。培养 2 4h后 ,分析各培养液中细菌学指标和pH。结果表明 :含L -色氨酸的体外培养液中添加 0 .5 % ,1.0 %和 1.5 %果寡糖 ,培养 2 4h后 ,使粪臭素浓度、吲哚 - 3-乙酸峰值和pH值均显著降低。添加1.0 %和 1.5 %果寡糖显著降低色氨酸降解率和粪臭素相对产率 ,显著提高吲哚相对产率 ,显著降低梭菌和大肠杆菌数 ,显著增加双歧杆菌和总厌氧菌数。  相似文献   

2.
《畜牧与兽医》2015,(11):10-15
旨在比较体外条件下,不同性别猪肠道菌群转化色氨酸产吲哚和粪臭素的能力,并研究土豆淀粉和有机酸的可能调控作用。试验分别以生长末(135 d)和育肥末(185 d)的母猪(F)、去势公猪(C)和公猪(M)粪便为接种物,进行两个批次的体外发酵试验。每种接种物均设5个处理:空白组(C)、色氨酸组(T)、土豆淀粉组(P)、有机酸组(O)和有机酸+土豆淀粉组(M);除C组外其余各组均含有0.1%色氨酸。结果表明:不同性别猪粪样发酵体系中氨氮水平存在显著差异(P0.05),母猪高于公猪和去势猪;有机酸和土豆淀粉均能极显著降低氨氮水平(P0.01)。土豆淀粉显著提高了TVFA、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸水平(P0.05),并显著降低了支链脂肪酸的比例(P0.05)。不同性别猪粪样发酵体系中吲哚和粪臭素水平差异显著(P0.05),有机酸和土豆淀粉均能极显著降低吲哚和粪臭素水平(P0.01)。菌群的DGGE图谱显示不同性别猪的菌群结构存在差异,土豆淀粉对菌群结构的调控作用较明显。由此可见,不同性别猪肠道菌群结构的差异可能导致了吲哚类物质产量的性别差异。有机酸和土豆淀粉均可有效降低吲哚类物质的产量,有机酸可能通过抑菌发挥作用,土豆淀粉可能通过改变菌群的结构和发酵类型实现。  相似文献   

3.
运用高效液相色谱法,通过对流动相组成、梯度、检测器波长、进样量等检测条件的对比,建立同时测定L-色氨酸体外代谢体系中L-色氨酸、吲哚-3-乙酸、粪臭素和吲哚含量的理想检测条件为乙腈和水作为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量15μL,荧光检测器激发波长为280nm,发射波长为360nm。L-色氨酸、吲哚-3-乙酸、粪臭素和吲哚的线性范围分别为2.15～137.29、1.15～73.386、1.2～76.68、1.57～100.3μmol/L,具有良好的相关性,相关系数R2为0.9970～0.9999,方法的平均回收率在85.28%～102.38%之间,日内和日间精密度均不超过6.9%。该方法简单、快速、准确、灵敏度高且重现性好,适用于猪粪便菌群作用下L-色氨酸体外代谢产物含量的测定。  相似文献   

4.
为了减少粪臭素在猪体外的污染,本试验旨在研究不同剂量的外源L-色氨酸、果聚糖和酪蛋白对猪粪发酵液中粪臭素及相关合成物浓度的影响.将80头体重为(50.0±0.5)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪随机分为对照组和试验组,每组4个重复,每重复10头猪,分别饲喂基础饲粮和添加0.2％枯草芽孢杆菌的试验饲粮.6周后,每组随机选取8头猪,采集其新鲜粪便,配制粪水厌氧发酵液用于发酵试验.发酵试验采用3×3正交设计,发酵液中外源L-色氨酸、酪蛋白、果聚糖的添加剂量分别为0、0.05％、0.10％,0、0.125％、0.250％,0、0.75％、1.50％.色谱法测定发酵液中色氨酸、吲哚、吲哚-3-乙酸、粪臭素浓度,荧光标记单链构象多态性及片段长度多态性技术与毛细管电泳技术结合测定空白对照组和空白试验组发酵液中微生物的种群结构.结果表明:1)对照组色氨酸、吲哚、吲哚-3-乙酸、粪臭素浓度显著高于试验组(P＜0.05).2)外源L-色氨酸为发酵液中色氨酸、粪臭素的主要影响因素,酪蛋白为对照组中吲哚的主要影响因素,果聚糖为发酵液中吲哚-3-乙酸的主要影响因素.3)外源L-色氨酸、果聚糖与饲粮中的枯草芽孢杆菌无互作(P＞0.05).4)空白对照组猪粪发酵液优势菌以芽孢杆菌(CWBIB 1434)为主,含量为26％;空白试验组发酵液以非解乳链球菌(AF201899)为主,含量为36％.由此得出,降低猪粪中色氨酸的含量及在饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌有助于减少猪粪发酵液中的粪臭素浓度.  相似文献   

5.
旨在采用体外发酵技术探究不同剂量果寡糖(FOS)对猪后肠发酵液中苯丙氨酸和色氨酸代谢的影响。以育肥猪回肠、盲肠和结肠的食糜为接种物,发酵液中苯丙氨酸(Phe)和色氨酸(Trp)终浓度为10mmol·L~(-1),分别添加果寡糖(FOS)0、0.5和0.75g,37℃培养24h后采集样品,分析氨基酸、氨态氮(NH3-N)、微生物蛋白(MCP)、吲哚和粪臭素浓度,利用Real-time PCR定量细菌总菌数量变化。结果表明,Phe和Trp均存在肠段差异性,FOS显著影响Phe在盲肠的降解率、NH3-N、MCP、粪臭素浓度和总菌数量(P0.05),但对吲哚无显著影响(P0.05);0.75g FOS显著降低后肠Trp降解率(P0.05);Trp是影响发酵液中吲哚和粪臭素产生的主要因素。FOS可改变Phe和Trp的发酵类型,降低发酵液中Trp向粪臭素的转化。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究大豆低聚糖(SBO)及其功能组分对体外条件下肉仔鸡盲肠内容物粪臭素产量及菌群组成的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,以42日龄肉仔鸡盲肠内容物为菌源,将厌氧培养液分装于无菌培养瓶中,分成5个组,每组3个重复。对照组添加250μmol/L的L-色氨酸,蔗糖(SUC)、水苏糖(STA)、棉籽糖(RAF)和SBO组分别在对照组的基础上添加1%的SUC、STA、RAF和SBO。另外,每组均设1个不加L-色氨酸但其他成分都相同的空白对照。利用ANKOM RFS体外产气系统,39℃厌氧培养24 h。采用PCR-变性梯度胶凝电泳(DGGE)技术研究了发酵液菌群组成的差异。结果表明:1)SUC、STA、SBO组24 h发酵液累积产气量极显著高于对照组和RAF组(P0.01);SBO、SUC和STA组吲哚浓度分别比对照组降低了98.15%、97.72%和94.17%(P0.01),粪臭素浓度分别比对照组降低了79.04%、71.88%和70.28%(P0.05);SUC组乳酸浓度极显著高于其他各组(P0.01);对照组p H极显著高于除RAF组之外的其他各组(P0.01)。2)SBO组菌群均匀度显著低于对照组(P0.05);SUC、STA、RAF、SBO组菌群丰富度显著高于对照组(P0.05);SBO、STA、RAF组菌群相似性高于对照组;试验组有3条特异性条带,相似菌分别为延长布劳特氏菌(Blautia producta)、迪氏副拟杆菌(Parabacteroides distasonis)、路氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)。综上,在本试验条件下,添加1%的SUC、STA和SBO显著降低了肉仔鸡体外盲肠内容物培养液中L-色氨酸代谢生成吲哚和粪臭素的浓度,提高了菌群丰富度,并促进了特异性菌的增殖。降低粪臭素效果优劣依次为SBO、SUC、STA。  相似文献   

7.
为了减少舍外粪便污染,研究日粮中纳豆芽孢杆菌对体外猪粪发酵液中氨气、硫化氢、粪臭素及菌群的影响。试验组生猪饲喂纳豆芽孢杆菌日粮,对照组无纳豆芽孢杆菌。结果表明,试验组氨气、硫化氢、色氨酸、吲哚-3-乙酸、粪臭素浓度极显著低于对照组(P0.01),吲哚显著低于对照组(P0.05)。对照组猪粪发酵液优势菌以芽孢杆菌(CWBI B1434)为主,含量为26%;试验组以非解乳糖链球菌(AF201899)为主,含量为36%,其次为噬淀粉乳酸杆菌,含量为16%。结果表明纳豆芽孢杆菌通过调整猪粪菌群降低臭味物质浓度。为了减少舍外粪便污染,建议猪日粮中添加纳豆芽孢杆菌。  相似文献   

8.
建立了HPLC-PDA法测定清热解毒类中兽药中吲哚美辛的检测方法。采用ODSC_(18)色谱柱(柱长150 mm,内径4.6 mm,粒径5μm),流动相为乙腈:0.1 mol/L冰醋酸(50∶50,V_1∶V_2)为流动相,采集波长范围为200～400 nm,定量波长为317 nm,进样量为10μL。试验结果表明,吲哚美辛在5～200μg/mL范围内线性良好(r=0.9999),各基质中吲哚美辛的检测限均为1.0 g/kg,峰纯度检查和光谱相似度检查均符合要求。其中,板二黄片中吲哚美辛的平均回收率为96.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.9%(n=6);三黄散中吲哚美辛的平均回收率为99.3%,RSD为1.3%(n=6);扶正解毒散中吲哚美辛的平均回收率为100.6%,RSD为0.8%(n=6)。本法应用清热解毒类中兽药中非法添加吲哚美辛的检测,结果准确可靠。  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在探讨饲粮添加菊糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、排泄物及肠道主要臭气化合物浓度的影响。选择300只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。各组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、0.05%、0.15%、0.25%、0.50%菊糖的试验饲粮。试验期6周。结果表明:1)饲粮添加菊糖对肉仔鸡生长性能无显著影响(P0.05);2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.50%菊糖显著提高了肉仔鸡排泄物中乳酸浓度(P0.05)。排泄物中乳酸浓度显著高于盲肠和直肠食糜(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.50%菊糖显著降低了肉仔鸡排泄物中吲哚和粪臭素浓度(P0.05)。4)肉仔鸡排泄物吲哚浓度与直肠吲哚和粪臭素浓度、盲肠吲哚浓度呈显著的正相关关系(P0.05)。排泄物的p H与盲肠乳酸浓度呈显著的负相关关系(P0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加菊糖显著降低了肉仔鸡排泄物、盲肠和直肠的吲哚和粪臭素浓度,饲粮菊糖适宜添加水平为0.50%。  相似文献   

10.
试验旨在研究不同昆虫粉对超早期断奶仔猪大肠代谢物的影响。选取14日龄断奶、平均体重（4.74±0.50）kg的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪144头（公母各半）,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头猪。对照组饲喂添加5%血浆蛋白粉的基础饲粮,黄粉虫组、蝇蛆组和大麦虫组分别以5%的黄粉虫粉、蝇蛆粉和大麦虫粉替代等量血浆蛋白粉。试验期为56 d。分别于试验第28、56天屠宰,取盲肠和结肠内容物,测定pH以及短链脂肪酸、氨氮、吲哚和粪臭素的含量。结果表明：与对照组相比,3种昆虫粉对盲肠、结肠pH和短链脂肪酸含量均无显著影响;试验第28天,黄粉虫粉组盲肠、结肠氨氮含量均升高（P<0.05）,蝇蛆粉组和大麦虫粉组盲肠、结肠粪臭素含量均降低（P<0.05）,蝇蛆粉组盲肠、大麦虫粉组结肠的吲哚含量均升高（P<0.05）;试验第56天,蝇蛆粉组盲肠吲哚含量降低（P<0.05）,盲肠氨氮含量、结肠吲哚含量均升高（P<0.05）。由此可见,饲粮中添加昆虫粉可改变超早期断奶仔猪大肠含氮代谢物含量,其中黄粉虫粉和蝇蛆粉可增加大肠氨氮产生,大麦虫粉可减少结肠粪臭素产生。  相似文献   

11.
Four types of carbohydrate sources, sugar beet pulp (SBP), rye grass hay (RYE), alfalfa hay (ALF) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were used to investigate their effects on the metabolism of l-tryptophan to skatole and indole by a mixed bacterial population from the large intestines of pigs. Microbial suspensions were anaerobically incubated at 38 °C, and indole compounds, pH value and volatile fatty acids were analyzed after 24 h fermentation. Effects of carbohydrate sources on the microbial diversity were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR amplicons of 16S rDNA, cloning and sequencing. Addition of SBP showed decreasing effect on skatole concentration and decreased the relative rate of skatole production significantly, whereas RYE and ALF treatments significantly increased skatole concentration and the relative rate of skatole production. The rate of tryptophan degradation was reduced by addition of ALF remarkably. For the FOS group, skatole concentration and relative rate of skatole production were both significantly reduced. Total and individual VFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate) were significantly higher in the four carbohydrate-added groups than in the none-added. Additions of SBP, RYE, ALF and FOS in pig fecal slurries with l-tryptophan markedly decreased the culture medium pH values. The DGGE profiles showed differences between cultures with different carbohydrate substrates, though some bands were common to all cultures. Fermentation with SBP showed a higher bacterial diversity than with others, with three distinct bands appeared. Sequences of the corresponding 16S rRNA of two bands were related to Eubacterium rectale (94%) and Clostridium sp. (96%), respectively. Three bands were present only in SBP, RYE and ALF samples. Two of these three bands represented 93 and 98% similarity to Lachnospira pectinoschiza and Clostridium disporicum DSM 5521, respectively. These results suggested that the reduced concentration of skatole observed in the presence of SBP and FOS may be caused by decreased tryptophan degradation to indolic compounds and by shifted microbial metabolism of tryptophan toward indole production at the expense of skatole, resultant from the changed microbial ecosystem and pH value. The bacteria C. disporicum DSM 5521 may play a role in the production of skatole.  相似文献   

12.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organic acids in diets for entire male pigs on growth performance, composition of microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), on concentration of skatole and indole in digesta, plasma and adipose tissue, and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in digesta. Restrictively-fed pigs (n = 60) (28 and 113 kg initial and final BW, respectively) were used. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet and the basal diet added either 1.0% formic acid, 0.85% benzoic acid, 0.85% sorbic acid, 1.2% fat coated Ca-butyrate or 1.5% fat and inulin coated Ca-butyrate. All levels of organic acids corresponded to 0.85% of pure acid. Digesta samples for microbiological examinations were taken from the proximal jejunum, colon descendens, and rectum. Digesta samples for skatole, indole and VFA analyses were taken from colon descendens. The results showed that the addition of organic acids to diets had no effect on daily weight gain or feed intake, but formic, benzoic and sorbic acid tended to improve FCR of pigs compared with the control pigs. Organic acid supplementation did not affect levels of skatole, indole, or VFA in the digesta or levels of skatole or indole in adipose tissue compared with the control. Plasma skatole levels were reduced in pigs fed diets containing formic and benzoic acid compared with the control pigs. Pigs fed organic acids had lower levels of coliforms, enterococci and lactic acid producing bacteria in all three sampling sites of the GIT. Supplementing diets with organic acids did not affect levels of skatole in digesta or adipose tissue of entire male pigs.  相似文献   

13.
The experiment was conducted to investigate the in vitro effects of inulin and soya bean oligosaccharide (SBO) on the metabolism of L‐tryptophan (L‐try) to skatole production, and the intestinal microbiota in broilers. Treatments were as follows: caecal microbiota control (Cc), Cc + inulin, Cc + SBO, rectal microbiota control (Rc), Rc + inulin and Rc + SBO. Microbial suspensions were anaerobically incubated at 38°C for 24 hr. The results showed that concentrations of skatole and acetic acid were significantly lower in caecal microbiota fermentation broth (MFB) than those in rectal MFB (p < .05). Addition of inulin or SBO significantly decreased the concentrations of indole and skatole and rate of L‐try degradation (p < .05). Inulin groups had lower indole than SBO groups (p < .05). PCR‐DGGE analysis revealed that addition of inulin or SBO decreased the microbiota richness (p < .05), but no significant differences in Shannon index (p > .05). Four distinct bands were detected in inulin and SBO groups, which were related to two of Bacteroides, one of Firmicutes and Bifidobacteria. Six bands were detected only in control groups, which represented uncultured Rikenellaceae, Roseburia, Escherichia/Shigella dysenteriae, Bacteroides uniformis (T), Parabacteroides distasonis and Enterobacter aerogenes. Populations of Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria and total bacteria in inulin groups were higher than those in control groups (p < .05). For SBO groups, only population of total bacteria increased (p < .05). However, there were no significant differences in Escherichia coli population among treatments (p > .05). These results suggest that reduced concentrations of skatole and indole in the presence of inulin and SBO may be caused by decrease in L‐try degradation rate, which were caused by change in microbial ecosystem and pH value. Uncultured B. uniformis (T) and E. aerogenes may be responsible for degradation of L‐try to skatole.  相似文献   

14.
The hematologic and pathologic effects of orally administered L-tryptophan and indoleactic acid and of L-tryptophan administered IV were studied in ponies. Sixteen adult Shetland ponies were allotted into 4 experimental groups. Group 1 consisted of 5 ponies (1-5) given 0.6 g of tryptophan/kg of body weight in a water slurry via stomach tube. Group 2 included 4 ponies (6-9) given 0.35 g of tryptophan/kg orally. Group-3 ponies (10-13) were given 0.35 g of indoleacetic acid/kg orally. Group 4 consisted of 3 ponies (14-16) given a single 4-hour IV infusion of 0.1 g of tryptophan/kg. Restlessness, increased respiratory rate, hemolysis, and hemoglobinuria were detected in 4 of the 5 group-1 ponies. Only pony 7 in group 2 developed hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and a significant increase in respiratory rate. Renal pathologic lesions, consistent with hemoglobinuric nephrosis, were seen in ponies 2, 4, 5, and 7. Bronchiolar degeneration was evident in 4 of 9 ponies given tryptophan orally. The importance of these respiratory lesions was unknown. Clinical or pathologic abnormalities were not noticed in the ponies of groups 3 and 4. Mean plasma tryptophan values increased significantly in groups 1 and 2 at 6 hours after dosing. A second peak of tryptophan was detected in both groups at 12 hours. Values returned to predose values by 48 hours. Plasma indole and 3-methylindole concentrations were detectable in only 2 ponies (4 and 7). In vitro incubations of cecal fluid from ponies 6, 8, and 9 yielded a percentage conversion of tryptophan to indole of 16.75%, 5.84%, and 7.96%, respectively. 3-Methylindole was not produced. These results suggested that indole was the major metabolite of orally administered tryptophan in these ponies.  相似文献   

15.
Boar taint is characterized by an unpleasant taste or odor in intact male pigs and is primarily attributed to increased concentrations of androstenone and skatole and to a lesser extent by increased indole. The boar taint compounds skatole and indole are produced by gut bacteria, metabolized in the liver, and stored in the fat tissue. Androstenone, on the other hand, is synthesized in the testis along with testosterone and estrogens, which are known to be important factors affecting fertility. The main goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between genetic factors involved in the primary boar taint compounds in an attempt to discover ways to reduce boar taint without decreasing fertility-related compounds. Heritabilities and genetic correlations between traits were estimated for compounds related to boar taint (androstenone, skatole, indole) and reproduction (testosterone, 17β-estradiol, and estrone sulfate). Heritabilities in the range of 0.47 to 0.67 were detected for androstenone concentrations in both fat and plasma, whereas those for skatole and indole were slightly less (0.27 to 0.41). The genetic correlations between androstenone in plasma and fat were extremely high (0.91 to 0.98) in Duroc and Landrace. In addition, genetic correlations between androstenone (both plasma and fat) and the other sex steroids (estrone sulfate, 17β-estradiol, and testosterone) were very high, in the range of 0.80 to 0.95. Furthermore, a genome-wide association study (GWA) and a combined linkage disequilibrium and linkage analysis (LDLA) were conducted on 1,533 purebred Landrace and 1,027 purebred Duroc to find genome regions involved in genetic control of the boar taint compounds androstenone, skatole, and indole, and sex hormones related to fertility traits. Up to 3,297 informative SNP markers were included for both breeds, including SNP from several boar taint candidate genes. From the GWA study, we found that altogether 27 regions were significant at a genome-wide level (P < 0.05) and an additional 7 regions were significant at a chromosomal level. From the LDLA study, 7 regions were significant on a genome-wide level and an additional 7 regions were significant at a chromosomal level. The most convincing associations were obtained in 6 regions affecting skatole and indole in fat on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 7, 13, and 14, 1 region on chromosome 6 affecting androstenone in plasma only, and 5 regions on chromosomes 3, 4, 13, and 15 affecting androstenone, testosterone, and estrogens.  相似文献   

16.
The accumulation of skatole in boars to concentrations resulting in carcass taint has been associated with elevated concentrations of steroid hormones in plasma. Studying boar taint in vivo has been challenging because steroid hormones are highly variable between individual boars. However, a peak in steroid hormones occurs between 2 and 4 wk postpartum; therefore, skatole production was investigated in the prepubescent pig. Plasma concentrations of estrone sulphate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, and testosterone peaked between 2 and 4 wk postpartum in intact male pigs, whereas plasma concentrations of these steroid hormones remained low or undetectable in gilts and barrows. However, plasma skatole concentration peaked in all 3 groups of animals between 2 and 3 wk postweaning. The effects of weaning time, intestinal cell turnover, and diet on tissue skatole concentrations were then investigated. Intact male piglets were weaned at 14, 21, 28, or 35 d of age. Plasma skatole concentrations were measured weekly for a period of 63 d and peaked at 17 +/- 1, 14 +/- 1, 13 +/- 1, and 10 +/- 2 d postweaning, respectively. Intestinal cell turnover, as evaluated by villous height:crypt depth ratio, was not correlated with skatole concentrations in cecal contents, suggesting that cellular debris did not constitute a gross source of tryptophan for hindgut fermentation. The inclusion of 10% chicory inulin to piglet diets suppressed the postweaning increase in plasma skatole. Cecal skatole concentrations were also 3.3-fold lower in inulin-supplemented piglets compared with controls. The rise in plasma skatole in the prepubescent intact male pig was not associated with increased steroidogenesis but is likely due to the postweaning adaptation of the intestinal flora to an abrupt dietary change.  相似文献   

17.
Evidence exists that butyrate inhibits apoptosis of colon crypt cells in vivo so that less tryptophan from cell debris is available for skatole formation by microbes in the pig colon. In this study, potato starch containing a high proportion of resistant starch was fed to test the hypothesis that increased butyrate formation will occur in the colon and contribute to reduced epithelial cell apoptosis, thus leading to reduced skatole formation and absorption. Two groups of six barrows were provided with catheters in the jugular vein and fed either a ration with pregelatinized starch (high ileal digestibility; controls) or potato starch (low ileal digestibility; PS) as the main carbohydrate. All pigs were fed 31 MJ of metabolizable energy and 381 g of crude protein per day. The controls were fed for 19 d. The PS group received the same control ration for 10 d, and then changed to the PS ration. The total feeding period of PS consisted of a 5 d adaptation period followed by another 19 d. In the continously sampled feces, pH, short chain fatty acids, and skatole were determined. Skatole was additionally measured in blood plasma that was sampled daily. After killing barrows at the end of the feeding period, fat tissue for skatole measurement and colon tissue for histological quantification of mitosis and apoptosis were obtained. Feeding potato starch led to a rapid 2.2 fold increase of fecal butyrate when compared both with the control period of the PS group and the control group (P < 0.001). PS feeding resulted in a decrease in pH from 7.3 to 5.3 (P < 0.001) and apoptosis from 2.06 cells/crypt to 0.90 cells (P < 0.01), whereas there was no change in mitosis. Consequently, skatole decreased both in feces (controls vs PS group: 120.0 vs 1.9 microg/g; P < 0.001) and in blood plasma (1.6 vs 0.2 ng/mL; P < 0.001). The mean concentration of skatole in fat tissue was 167 ng/g tissue in controls, and below the detection limit (0.8 ng/g) in the PS group (P < 0.001). It is concluded that butyrate-dependent inhibition of apoptosis in the colon due to potato starch feeding efficiently inhibits skatole production in barrows. Because of the depressed skatole levels, improved sensory quality of pork is possible.  相似文献   

18.
The excretion of major odor-causing and acidifying compounds in response to dietary supplementation of chicory inulin extract was investigated with six Yorkshire barrows, with an average initial BW of 30 kg, according to a balanced two-period cross-over design. The animals were fed a control diet containing no inulin extract and a treatment diet with 5% inulin extract (as-fed basis) at the expense of cornstarch. Each diet was formulated (as-fed basis) to contain 16% CP from corn (51%) and soybean meal (29%). Each experimental period lasted 14 d, with 10 d for dietary adaptation and 4 d for collection of fecal and urine samples. The fecal samples were analyzed for four major classes of odor-causing and acidifying compounds: 1) VFA; 2) N-containing compounds, including total N and ammonia; 3) volatile sulfides measured as hydrogen sulfide units; and 4) phenols and indoles, including p-cresol, indole, and skatole. Supplementation of chicory inulin at 5% had no effects on the fecal excretion of VFA (P = 0.29), ammonia (P = 0.96), total volatile sulfides (P = 0.56), p-cresol (P = 0.56), and indole (P = 0.75). Fecal excretion of total N (inulin = 6.13 vs. control = 5.10 g/kg DMI) was increased (P < 0.05), whereas urinary total N excretion (inulin = 15.1 vs. control = 16.4 g/[pig x d]) was not affected (P = 0.17) by the inulin supplementation compared with the control group. Furthermore, fecal excretion of skatole (inulin = 9.07 vs. control = 18.93 mg/kg DMI) was decreased (P < 0.05) by the inulin supplementation compared with the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 5% chicory inulin extract is effective in decreasing the fecal excretion of skatole in growing pigs fed corn and soybean meal diets.  相似文献   

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