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中国6个山羊群体微卫星标记的遗传多样性分析 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
利用30个微卫星座位，对中国6个群体山羊（阿尔巴斯、二狼山、乌珠穆沁、阿拉善、辽宁绒山羊和陕南白山羊），共计240个个体的遗传多样性进行了分析。计算了各群体的等位基因频率，并以其为基础获得了各群体的平均杂合度（He）、平均多态信息含量（PIC）和平均有效等位基因数（Ne），分别为0．367～0．467、0．533～0．639、2．571～4．915。分析了群体内和群体间的遗传变异，并根据遗传距离，进行了NJ聚类，结果将6个山羊群体分为两大类。为进一步对山羊品种的保存和利用提供科学的依据。 相似文献
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用MTDFREML方法估计大白猪遗传参数 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本研究应用ＭＴＤＦＲＥＭＬ方法对３４１窝大白猪选育群和１４７０头测定猪繁殖性状、生长性状、体型性状等进行遗传力和遗传相关估计,窝总产仔数和活产仔数遗传力分别是０．１１和０．１３。１６５日龄校正体重的遗传力是０．３１。校正背膘厚遗传力０．３８～０．５０。窝总产仔数与校正体重的遗传相关为－０．０２。窝总产仔数与肩部、腰部、荐部及三点平均膘厚的校正背膘厚的遗传相关是－０．３４～－０．６６。活产仔数与校正背膘厚的遗传相关是－０．０８～－０．１１。 相似文献
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利用25对微卫星引物对我国华东14个地方鹅种进行群体遗传多样性及遗传分化分析。通过计算多态信息含量、平均杂合度、有效等位基因数、遗传距离、基因流和F-统计量等参数,评估各品种遗传多样性和品种间遗传分化。结果表明：各座位的等位基因数为4～16。所有群体均显示较高水平的杂合度,其中,雁鹅最低,为0．5662,百子鹅最高,为0．7748。鹅品种间存在较大的遗传分化,27．5％的遗传变异来自于品种间的差异。基于DA遗传距离的NJ聚类法将14个群体划分为4类。分析遗传分化与地理距离的相关关系发现,华东地方鹅种的遗传分化与地理距离不存在显著相关。 相似文献
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本研究利用新荣昌猪Ⅰ系继代选育群1990-1995年繁殖母猪（N＝27G初产）性能测定资料，应用Harvey程序（1990）进行统计处理，估计出新荣昌猪Ⅰ系繁殖性状的遗传参数。繁殖性状的遗传力分别是：总产仔数0．15、活产仔数0．16、育成率0．14、初生窝重0．17、初生个体重0．20、20日龄窝重0．08、断奶窝重0．19、断奶仔数0．07、断奶个体重0．08。绝大多数繁殖性状间都存在较强的遗传相关。活产仔数与总仔数、初生窝重20日龄窝重、断奶窝重、断奶仔数问的遗传相关分别是0．77、0．74、0．67、0．48、0．44；断奶窝重与所有繁殖性状间都存在着较强的遗传正相关。 相似文献
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应用随机扩增DNA多态性（RAPD）技术对昆明裂腹鱼盘大河群体和昆明裂腹鱼泥猪河群体的遗传多样性进行分析。从38个10bp引物中选取20个用于群体遗传多样性分析,在两群体中分别检测到121、125个位点,多态位点数分别为57、73个,平均多态位点比例分别为47．11％、58．40％;两群体内个体间平均遗传距离分别为0．1745、0．1963,群体间遗传距离为0．2503。研究表明：因地理隔离的两昆明裂腹鱼群体间存在一定的遗传分化;两群体内和群体间的遗传变异较大,具有丰富的遗传结构;泥猪河群体的遗传多样性要比盘大河群体的遗传多样性丰富,其群体内遗传变异较盘大河群体大。 相似文献
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本试验旨在对霍尔斯坦-弗里斯坦奶牛乳蛋白主要性状进行遗传参数估计。乳样采集于1940头初产的霍尔斯坦-弗里斯奶牛（2005年2月或3月）。然后通过毛细管区带电泳测定乳中6种主要乳蛋白的相对含量。结果表明,乳蛋白组成遗传变异较大;奶牛群体内部相对乳蛋白含量遗传率较高,变化范围为0．25（β-酪蛋白）～0．80（β-乳球蛋白）;群体内部乳清分数遗传率（0．71）高于酪蛋白分数遗传率（O．41）,并且乳清遗传率变异（11％±1．23％）高于酪蛋白的遗传率变异（2％士1．72％）。群体内酪蛋白和乳白蛋白的表型变异系数约为14％,乳球蛋白的表型变异系数为5％。主要乳蛋白中80％的遗传相关性为-0．38～＋0．45。遗传相关性分析结果显示,通过遗传能够改变乳中酪蛋白的分数;β-乳球蛋白与总酪蛋白遗传系数之间存在显著负相关（-0．76）,β-乳球蛋白与酪蛋白的指数为-0．98。结果显示,通过遗传育种能够改变乳蛋白的组成。 相似文献
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试验采用PCR-RFLP法研究了三江白猪、大白猪、长白猪、长×大猪群体OB基因3469位点的多态性及其对母猪繁殖性能的影响。对试验猪群进行遗传平衡检测结果显示,三江白猪、长白猪、长×大猪群体OB基因3469位点均达到平衡,而大白猪群体在此位点未达到平衡,即处于偏离哈代-温伯格平衡状态。OB基因与母猪产仔数的相关分析结果显示,OB基因型对试验研究的3个繁殖性状的影响都符合一个规律,即产仔数表现出BB＞AB＞AA的趋势。OB基因对产仔数的遗传效应表现出明显的加性-显性效应,且B等位基因具有明显的增加产仔数的效应。 相似文献
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应用动物模型REML方法估计猪遗传参数的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文以北京花猪为材料,采用动物模型非求导约束最大似然法（ＤＦＲＥＭＬ）对该猪群的遗传参数进行了估计。初生重、２１日龄体重、平均日增重、料重比、达１００ｋｇ日龄、６月龄体重、屠宰率、总产仔数、产活仔数和出生窝重的遗传力的估计值分别为０．２５、０．２１、０．３３、０．３１、０．３１、０．３４、０．４２、０．１４、０．１７和０．２１。出生重与出生窝重和２１日龄重、平均日增重与６月龄体重、出生窝重与产仔数、总产仔数与产活仔数之间存在着较强的遗传正相关;平均日增重与耗料增重比、达１００ｋｇ日龄与６月龄体重之间存在着较强的遗传负相关,出生重与产仔数之间存在着中等遗传负相关。 相似文献
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陇东绒山羊微卫星DNA遗传多样性的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用9个微卫星座位,8％非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PCR扩增产物,对120只陇东绒山羊基因组DNA的遗传多样性进行了检测,对其群体遗传学特性进行分析。结果表明：陇东绒山羊在9个微卫星座位中共检测到90个等位基因,其中微卫星座位LSCV24等位基因数最多,为14个;BMS1248多态信息含量最高,PIC为0．88;DB6座位多态信息含量最低,PIC为0．79。在所标记群体中平均有效等位基因数为7．69±1．65个,平均多态信息含量为0．84±0．03;遗传杂合度均值为0．86±0．03,均高于国内外部分研究结果。说明陇东绒山羊品种遗传多样性丰富,群体遗传变异程度高,育种潜力大。 相似文献
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黄淮山羊微卫星多态性及其与产羔数相关性的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以绵羊FecB、GDF9和BMP15为候选基因,同时选择绵羊6号染色体与FecB基因紧密连锁的6个微卫星标记,分析其在黄淮山羊中的多态性及其与产羔数的关系。结果表明:在黄淮山羊中均未发现FecB、GDF9基因和BMP15基因突变。微卫星Lscv043、BMS2508、300U、GC101均为多态位点;而GC101与产羔数具有较强的相关性,在GC1013种基因型中200bp/238bp基因型群体对应的第1胎产羔数和第2胎产羔数均显著高于其他2种基因型群体的对应产羔数(P<0.05);但是各基因型群体之间第3胎产羔数差异不明显;同样基因型200bp/238bp对应群体的平均产羔数极显著高于其他2种基因型群体的平均产羔数(P<0.01)。其他位点的不同基因型群体之间产羔数差异均不明显。这些结果表明,FecB基因所在区域位点对山羊产羔数亦具有一定影响,可以作为山羊早期选育的理论依据。 相似文献
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2个山羊品种多胎性状的微卫星标记研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据比较基因组学原理,选择与绵羊高繁殖力紧密关联的4个微卫星标记OarAE101、OarHH55、BM1329、BMS2508,分析其在波尔山羊和西农莎能奶山羊中的多态性分布情况。结果表明,4个微卫星标记在波尔山羊中的多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0.834 0、0.722 2、0.802 1、0.685 5,有效等位基因数（Ne）分别为6.719、4.098、5.610、3.542;在莎能奶山羊中的PIC分别为0.765 5、0.738 7、0.670 1、0.682 0,Ne分别为4.849、4.360、3.520、3.609。4个微卫星基因座对波尔山羊和莎能奶山羊的产羔数效应分析表明,在波尔山羊群体中,OarAE101基因座126 bp等位基因对产羔数具有正效应,而134 bp则呈负效应;OarHH55基因座120和124 bp等位基因对产羔数具有正效应,而130 bp/140 bp基因型则呈负效应;BM1329基因座185 bp等位基因对产羔数具有正效应,而176 bp等位基因和215 bp/240 bp基因型均呈负效应;BMS2508基因座118 bp等位基因对产羔数具有正效应,而122 bp/141 bp基因型和148 bp等位基因均呈负效应。在西农莎能奶山羊群体中,OarAE101基因座108 bp等位基因和114 bp/126 bp基因型对产羔数均呈正效应,而124 bp等位基因则呈负效应;OarHH55基因座120 bp等位基因对产羔数呈正效应,而150 bp/165 bp基因型呈负效应;BM1329基因座185 bp等位基因对产羔数呈正效应,而176 bp等位基因和215 bp/240 bp基因型则均呈负效应;BMS2508基因座118 bp等位基因对产羔数呈正效应,而141 bp等位基因和153 bp/160 bp基因型均呈负效应。 相似文献
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Kurt Skovsted Mark Henryon Lotta Rydhmer Just Jensen F. Xavier Solanes 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(2-3):66-73
Abstract We reasoned that if we assessed pigs for litter size and growth rate during the grow-out stage of production (25–100 kg body weight) we would find: 1) an unfavourable genetic correlation between litter size and growth rate; and 2) that the amount of additive genetic variation expressed for growth rate varies with litter size. We tested these premises by assessing 2212 litters from the Yorkshire breed for litter size, while 3038 growing pigs from 550 of these litters were assessed for growth rate during the grow-out stage of production. Genetic correlations were estimated using the additive genetic (co)variances obtained from a bivariate linear animal model fitted to litter size and growth rate. The amount of additive genetic variation expressed for growth rate as a function of litter size was estimated by fitting a univariate linear animal model with random regression on litter size. Our findings did not support the first of our premises as we found that the genetic correlation between litter size and growth rate was favourable (0.28±0.27), albeit not significantly different from zero. However, we were able to support our second premise as we found that the relationship between amount of additive genetic variation for growth rate and litter size was quadratic; the amount of additive genetic variation was highest in small and large litters (h2=0.60 and 0.65), and lowest in intermediate litter sizes (h2=0.29). These findings indicate that: 1) breeding for litter size would not reduce the growth rate of growing pigs; and 2) the amount of genetic variation for growth rate changes with litter size. 相似文献
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Hironaga Kakoi Mio Kikuchi Teruaki Tozaki Kei‐ichi Hirota Shun‐ichi Nagata 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(2):151-157
The integrity of thoroughbreds is maintained under strict regulation involving DNA parentage testing, which is robust in a population with high genetic variability. The genetic variability of the thoroughbred population is possibly fluctuating because of selective breeding that has focused on adaptations for racing performance. To monitor genetic variability within the population and the effectiveness of short tandem repeat (STR) parentage testing, we investigated allele frequencies and the exclusion probability (PE) of 16–17 loci of a parentage panel in the Japanese thoroughbred population over 15 years. Expected heterozygosities (He) of 14 loci indicated a decreasing trend, and the average He of the population decreased significantly. Low genetic variability was possibly induced by a decrease in population size and a selective breeding bias. Four loci showed both a significant increase in allele frequency and a significant decrease in He; it is assumed that those loci were affected by positive selection for racing performance. There was a significant decrease in the PE because of the changes in genetic variability; however, it has remained over 0.99995. The current STR panel is still effective for parentage control, but it will be necessary to continuously monitor genetic variability, which has decreased over 15 years. 相似文献
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旨在揭示线粒体tRNA-Lys(T7719G)基因变异对小尾寒羊为母本的杂交羊群产羔数的影响，探讨将该基因变异作为分子标记辅助选种的可行性。本研究以小尾寒羊为母本的健康适龄繁殖母羊为研究对象，利用PCR扩增产物测序判定基因型，开展tRNA-Lys(T7719G)基因多态性及季节、胎次对产羔数影响的遗传学分析。结果表明，线粒体tRNA-Lys基因有G、T两种等位基因，等位基因频率分别为57.8%、42.2%;携带G等位基因的母羊较携带T等位基因的母羊平均胎产羔数多0.08只。在相同季节，群体产羔数随胎次以及G基因型母羊个体数量增加而增加。建立了胎产羔数预测模型方程：胎产羔数=1.201+(－0.009)×虚拟变量1+0.043×虚拟变量2+0.194×虚拟变量3+0.061×胎次+0.123×携带G等位基因母羊数量，即羊群中增加一个携带G等位基因的个体，胎产羔数预期增加0.123只。线粒体tRNA-Lys(T7719G)基因可以作为小尾寒羊为母本的杂交羊群产羔数性状的分子标记。 相似文献
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The aims of this study are to estimate variance components of litter size and kit survival rate and estimate genetic correlations of litter size and kit survival rate with dam's juvenile body weight and pregnancy length. Variance components for litter size and kit survival were analysed using an AI-REML approach, based on data from 1940 litters of the black colour type mink from 1996 to 2001. The models included (i) additive genetic effect of dam; (ii) dam and sire genetic effects; (iii) additive genetic effect of dam in relation to litter size and dam and sire genetic effects in relation to survival rate; (iv) additive genetic effect of dam to estimate the correlations of litter size or kit survival with dam juvenile body weight and pregnancy length on yearling dams (1357 litters). The dam heritabilities were of litter size (0.02-0.08) and survival rate (0.05-0.10). The permanent effects of dam were important for litter size (0.15-0.19) but not for survival rate. A positive dam genetic correlation between litter size and survival rate was found at 1 week postpartum (0.42), and a positive sire genetic correlation between number of weaned kits and survival rate at the age of 6 month (0.72). Litter size and survival rate were genetically antagonistically related to dam's juvenile body weight (-0.34 to -0.53). These results indicate the following: (i) it is possible to improve litter size and kit survival by selection, (ii) effective improvement of kit survival rate in the suckling period requires selection for maternal effect on kit survival and kit's own capacity to survive and later in the growth period for kit's own ability to survive and (iii) antagonistic genetic correlation of dam juvenile body weight with litter size and survival rate should be taken into consideration in mink breeding programs. 相似文献
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B.K. Hansen L.L. Jeppesen & P. Berg 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2010,127(1):64-73
In this article we present the first estimation of genetic variation of stereotypic behaviour (SB). Stereotypic behaviour is defined as an unvarying behaviour without any specific goal or function repeated at least five times. All types of SB were included in the analyses. Altogether 1484 adult mink females of the brown colour type were assessed for behaviour traits: SB, active or inactive behaviour, staying in nest box. Genetic correlations were based on estimates of additive genetic (co)variances obtained from a trivariate linear animal model fitted to behaviour traits, body weight and litter size. The SB has an intermediate genetic variation ( h 2 ∼0.3) and divergent selection for SB confirmed that the frequency of SB can be altered by selection. The results confirmed the hypotheses of negative genetic correlation between SB and body weight and negative genetic correlation between body weight and litter size. The hypotheses of positive correlation between SB and active behaviour and SB and litter size were not confirmed. Consequences of selection for reduced SB can be changes in other behaviour traits, body weight and litter size, depending on the genetic correlation between the traits. 相似文献
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样本量和性比对微卫星分析中群体遗传多样性指标的影响 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
以4个中国地方鸡品种遗传多样性的微卫星分析数据为例,分析样本量和性比对微卫星分析中群体遗传多样性指标的影响。结果表明:当样本量超过20后,期望杂合度值趋于稳定,样本量与期望杂合度无显著相关,而与平均等位基因数呈正相关,在微卫星分析中性比对群体遗传多样性指标不表现出显著影响;微卫星位点多态性的高低直接影响到检测所需的样本量,在使用平均等位基因数分析群体遗传多样性时,应该充分考虑样本量对检测结果的影响;期望杂合度受样本量变动的影响较小,可作为度量群体遗传多样性的一个最适参数,而且样本量以20～25较为适宜。 相似文献