共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 80 毫秒
1.
河北省根结线虫发生种类与分布 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
对采自河北省不同地区的根结线虫种类、分布以及种群密度进行了调查,根据根结线虫二龄幼虫、雄虫和雌虫的形态特征,明确了河北省根结线虫种类有南方根结线虫、北方根结线虫和花生根结线虫。其中南方根结线虫发生最为普遍,几乎遍及全省各个地区,发生量很大,土壤线虫土壤的群体密度最高达50条/g,主要为害保护地黄瓜和番茄等作物;北方根结线虫和花生根结线虫仅局部发生,北方根结线虫主要为害花生和麻山药,花生根结线虫主要为害花生和黄瓜,北方根结线虫与花生根结线虫在土壤中的发生量相对较少,土壤线虫土壤的群体密度最高达10条/g。 相似文献
2.
禾谷孢囊线虫病是我国小麦产区主要的病害之一,对农业生产造成了极大的损失。通过从孢囊上分离寄生真菌,扩增其ITS序列,并通过室内生测和盆栽试验对其发酵液进行了杀线虫活性测定。结果表明,共鉴定获得31株真菌,分别属于镰刀菌属、支顶孢属、枝孢属、曲霉属、链格孢属、毛壳菌属、枝氯霉属、根霉、小球腔菌属、青霉菌属10个属,其中镰刀菌属真菌最多有8株。黑曲霉属真菌HN214与曲霉属真菌HN132的发酵液稀释4倍后,对禾谷孢囊线虫的校正死亡率分别为99．66％和96．56％;室内盆栽活性测定表明,真菌HN132的8倍发酵液处理后,禾谷孢囊线虫的孢囊减少率达64．1％,在生产上具有较好的开发前景。 相似文献
3.
RP-HPLC法测定保健食品中荷叶碱的含量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立含荷叶类保健食品中反相高效液相色谱法检测荷叶碱的方法：色谱柱为Spherigel—C18柱（5μm,4．6mm×250mm）,流动相为0．1％三乙胺水溶液,乙腈梯度洗脱,流速为1．0mL／min,检测波长278nm。荷叶碱在0．17μg／mL-21．2μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,r为0．9983,最低检测限为0．03μg／mL（S／N=3）,最低定量限为0．9μg／mL（S／N=10）,三种样品的平均回收率为94．36％～96．86％,RSD小于3．04％。该方法具有流动相简单、分析时间短、且不需对样品进行衍生、操作简便、定量准确、抗干扰能力强等优点。 相似文献
4.
为建立一种灵芝子实体中灵芝酸A的高效液相色谱（HPLC）定量测定方法．通过对灵芝子实体萃取物分离效果的影响因素进行对比试验．确定了灵芝中灵芝酸A的分离条件：色谱柱为ZORBAXSB—C18（4．6mm×150mm,5μm）;流动相组成（A：1．0％醋酸水溶液,B：甲醇）,A：B比例为40％：60％,流速0．5mL／min,柱温25℃,进样量5μL;在此条件下,灵芝子实体萃取物中灵芝酸A的HPLC保留时间13．619min,分离度〉1．5;绘制的标准曲线为y=8．8021x-1．45,r^2=0．9902;其测定结果的重现性、精密度和加标回收率（99．58％）均较佳,RSD均小于2％。因此,该方法可作为灵芝子实体中灵芝酸A的HPLC定量测定方法。 相似文献
5.
Sr18生物杀线虫制剂防治黄瓜根结线虫病研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
利用生防菌株Sr18研制的生物杀线虫剂,于2003—2004年在山东省济南的日光节能温室内进行了防治黄瓜根结线虫病的研究。结果表明,通过发酵工程及生化分离手段制得的生物杀线剂1,2,3号均有显著的抗线虫括性,其中以2号浓缩水剂效果最为显著,可明显降低土壤内根结线虫2龄幼虫的数量,虫口减退率94．68％,收获期对黄瓜根结线虫病的防效高达80．27％,显著高于对照化学药剂益舒丰（65．84％）和生物药剂灭虫灵（52．44％）。另外,该制剂还具有促进植株生长和提高产量的效果,杀线剂2号处理区的平均株高和单株鲜重极显著高于空白对照组,分别增长16．32％和20．43％;杀线剂2号的黄瓜增产率为28．28％,优于益舒丰（19．8％）和灭虫灵（17．43％）处理。 相似文献
6.
为了快速检测谷子种子携带线虫情况并了解不同地区线虫种群的多态性,利用PCR技术对采集自中国谷子主产区不同区域内的99份谷子种子的带线虫情况进行了检测,并分析其不同地区线虫种群的遗传多样性。结果表明,根据贝西滑刃线虫核糖体28S rRNA-D2/D3片段设计的引物对谷子线虫具有高度的特异性和灵敏性,扩增出245 bp的特异性目的片段,对谷子线虫的检测浓度最低为0. 125 ng/μL。在99份谷子种子DNA中,有33份种子检测到特异性扩增条带,测序结果表明,所有扩增条带对应序列与线虫28S rRNA序列的相似性达97%以上,进一步说明33份种子携带线虫。重复试验结果表明,阳性种子的带线虫频率介于33. 3%～100%,且带线虫的谷子种子主要来自春谷区。分析33份阳性样品的28S rRNA片段序列,存在29个变异位点和22种单倍型,其中单倍型AB1为优势单倍型,河北张家口市和内蒙古松山区两地线虫的单倍型遗传多样性最丰富。本研究建立了一种特异性好、灵敏度高的检测谷子种子带线虫的一步PCR方法;谷子线虫病是夏谷区的主要病害,随着谷子春夏谷区的交流,线虫病成为春谷区病害,种子带病可能是主要初侵染源;不同地理来源的线虫28S rRNA序列存在差异,AB1为优势单倍型。 相似文献
8.
从1982年松材线虫传入我国以来,截至2022年底,在19个省（区、市）的701个县级行政区发现疫情,疫情发生面积151.15万hm2,病死、枯死与濒死松树数量1 040.48万株,造成直接经济损失数千亿元,生态服务价值损失不计其数,松材线虫已成为我国林业头号检疫性有害生物。本文以松材线虫为研究对象,介绍了松材线虫形态特征、生活史、传播途径,概述了虫害发生规律及林木受害症状,并结合本地实际针对松材线虫防控策略,旨在为科学防控提供参考依据。 相似文献
9.
ITS序列在苦荞麦种质资源鉴定中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了更精确有效地鉴定苦荞麦种质资源,根据ITS序列通用引物,以苦荞麦基因组DNA为模板通过PCR方法扩增出ITS(internal translation spacer)序列,在克隆测序的基础上对荞麦属5个栽培苦荞麦中进行分子鉴定与亲缘关系分析。结果表明：（1）5个供试材料ITS序列的变异小,序列长度在584~590 bp之间,G+C含量高,为67.5%~68.5%。（2）通过聚类方法分析发现‘建德苦荞麦’和‘红花苦荞麦’聚为一支,‘西荞2号’和‘西荞3号’聚为一支。 相似文献
10.
罗田县是湖北省大别山区银杏主要分布区之一，对该地银杏古树的种核性状变异进行初步研究。结果表明，该地银杏种核存在着广泛的变异：（1）种核表面特征差异大；（2）该地种核类型有4类：佛指类、马铃类、梅核类、圆子类，由多到少依次为：马铃类（52．08％）、佛指类（29．17％）、梅核类（16．67％）、圆子类（2．08％）；（3）种核长度、宽度、厚度的单株间差异均在0．01水平上，均达到了极显著水平；（4）种核长、宽、厚在单株内有较大差异，整齐度一般；（5）种核长度、宽度、厚度与单粒重的简单相关系数分别为0．7509、0，8452．0，9106，单粒重与长度、宽度、厚度的偏相关系数分别为0．7673、0．6925、0．7487，单粒重主要由厚度和长度决定的；（6）标准回归方程：Y：0．33282L＋0．34593形＋0．44664T。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献