共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
猪肉质性状基因及其定位研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着生活水平的提高，猪的肉质问题已引起消费者和养猪生产者的重视。遗传因素是改善肉质品质的关键。对猪的肉质性进行数量性状位点（QTL）定位是当前国际畜禽遗传育种的一个热点。介绍有关肉质基因定位的研究进展情况，包括基本明确的主效基因：氟烷基因和酸肉基因；肌肉脂肪的候选基因及基因扫描定位结果；以及肌纤维、嫩度、多汁性、失水率、pH和肉色的定位；同时讨论了所存在问题及对未来的展望。 相似文献
2.
四种不同类型鸡肌肉品质的比较研究 总被引：38，自引：3，他引：35
四种不同类型鸡肌肉品质的比较研究岳永生，陈鑫磊，牛庆恕，马鸿胜，王振勇（山东农业大学动物科技学院泰安２７１０１８）前言鸡肉是人类重要的食品，但其肉质评价尚无统一标准；我国地方品种鸡（土种鸡）肉香味美［１］，但目前对其肉质性状很少有定量的报道。本研究选... 相似文献
3.
旨在挖掘快大型黄羽肉鸡胸肌肉品质性状的重要候选区间和基因。本研究以1 923只快大型黄羽肉鸡为素材，于56日龄屠宰并测定屠宰和胸肌肉品质性状；利用“京芯一号”55K SNP芯片进行基因分型，利用传统最佳线性无偏预测（BLUP）、基因组最佳线性无偏预测（GBLUP）和全基因组关联分析（GWAS）等方法进行遗传参数估计和QTL区间/关键基因的检测。结果显示，胸肌pH、肉色L24 h*。同时发现，位于5号染色体上的2个单倍型对胸肌pH、肉色性状均有极显著影响。以上结果为黄羽肉鸡肉品质遗传选择方案优化和分子育种技术研发奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
4.
为研究绵羊KIF26B基因多态性对绵羊肉质品质和风味的影响，本实验选择49只6月龄、体重约45 kg的双乾肉羊作为研究对象，对其KIF26B基因外显子上的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）及其背部最长肌中肉脂肪酸含量和肉质性状进行测定，来探究SNP与双乾肉羊脂肪酸含量和肉质性状进行之间的相关性。结果表明：KIF26B基因第10外显子第120碱基存在T>C突变。该位点遗传纯合度（Ho）为0.4032，有效等位基因数为1.675 6，多态信息含量（PIC）为0.321 9，处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P>0.05），属于中度多态SNP。在脂肪酸含量方面，该位点TT和CC基因型个体的肉豆蔻酸与棕榈油酸均显著高于TC基因型个体（P<0.05），而TC基因型个体肉质则具有更高的硬脂酸和花生四烯酸含量（P<0.05）；在肉质性状方面，CC和TC基因型个体的蛋白质含量更高（P<0.05）。综上，绵羊KIF26B的第10外显子T120C等位基因多态性与双乾肉羊肌肉脂肪酸和蛋白质含量相关，该位点可能成为双乾肉羊选种养殖中的重要分子生物学标记。本研究结果为生产高质量且肉质口感... 相似文献
5.
6.
不同体重商品猪胴体性能肉质性状及其相关程度研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究测定了92～109 kg体重阶段31头杂交商品猪的胴体品质和肉质特性，以分析商品猪胴体、肌肉品质随体重的变化规律及其相关程度，为确定适宜上市屠宰体重提供依据。结果表明，商品猪在92～95 kg阶段屠宰瘦肉率最高为61.17％，分别比其它3组提高4.83％（P>0.05）、11.83％（P<0.05）和8.84％（P<0.05）；在107～109 kg阶段屠宰肉品质〖JP2〗优良，肌肉pH 6.07，肉色和大理石纹评分较高分别为3.13和 3.33，肌内脂肪含量较高为3.89％，肌肉失水率较低为18.91％。胴体和肉质性状间相关程度有强有弱，相关系数有正有负。相同性状间有较强的正相关，相反性状间有较强的负相关。综合分析试验结果认为，注重产肉量强调胴体瘦肉率时可选择在92～95 kg阶段屠宰；注重肉品质时可选择107～109 kg阶段屠宰；若二者兼顾则选择95~98 kg阶段屠宰较为合适。 相似文献
7.
作者对2017年国内外家兔遗传育种（传统育种、分子育种、繁殖技术）相关的研究进展进行了综述，发现国内外研究侧重不同，且与往年相比存在明显变化。国内传统育种主要包括品种选育和性状评定两方面研究，并取得了良好的进展；在分子育种领域做了较多的研究，主要涉及性状包括生长、肉质、皮毛、繁殖、抗病性能等，并筛选了与目标性状相关联的功能性基因和分子标记；繁殖技术研究少而散，包括人工授精、配种季节和光控管理等环境效应对家兔健康和生产力影响的研究。国外传统育种包括性状遗传评估、遗传与环境互作、评估方法等，在改进生长性能和肉质方面得到了提升；分子育种主要涉及生长、肉质、抗病及繁殖等性状，也进行了分子标记筛选与研究，但在皮毛性状方面研究相对欠缺；繁殖技术主要包括环境和添加物对家兔繁殖、精液冷冻等方面的影响研究，也取得了良好进展。本综述可为后期家兔育种研究和生产提供参考。 相似文献
8.
瘦肉型猪胴体品质和肌肉品质测定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选取适宰期大约克,长白纯种猪,社长大,长大,汉长大,大杜长,长大二（二花脸）杂种猪进行屠宰测定和肌肉品质常规分析。研究表明,大多数胴体性状和肌肉品质不存在非常显著的组合间差异。胴体品质总体而言比国外瘦肉型猪略差,但肌肉品质倨于国外报道的肉质性状。长大二三元杂交猪胴体品质和肉质性状与其它组合间差异不大。 相似文献
9.
10.
随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对猪肉品质的要求也随之增加。猪的肉质性状受到了很多因素的影响,但遗传因素起到了主导作用。不同的品种、基因、性别以及不同屠宰体重都会对猪肉品质产生影响,文章就近几年国内外对肉质性状的遗传因素的研究进展加以综述,阐述各种遗传因素对肉质性状的影响,以期为生产优质猪肉提供思路。 相似文献
11.
该文主要针对2018年国内外家兔传统育种、分子育种和繁殖技术3个方面的研究进展展开综述，其中传统育种方面主要研究了选择效应及性状评定、遗传与环境互作和种质性能测定；分子育种方面主要涉及生长、肉质、皮毛、繁殖等性状相关基因的研究；而家兔繁殖技术方面主要包括精液冷冻研究及添加物和环境对家兔繁殖的影响。2018年国内在家兔传统育种和分子育种方面研究较多，传统育种主要对一些地方品种种质性能进行了测定和比较；分子育种主要集中于肉质、皮毛和繁殖性状的研究，并获得了新的相关分子标记和基因；但家兔繁殖技术方面研究相对较少。而国外传统育种主要研究了选择与性状评定和遗传与环境互作；分子育种主要集中在筛选生长与肉质及繁殖性状分子标记的研究方面，但在皮毛性状方面的研究相对欠缺，且国外分子育种主要是使用传统的研究方法筛选分子标记或研究性状相关基因的功能，而国内多采用高通量测序技术筛选对研究性状具有重要调控功能的基因及调控网络。作者对2018年国内外家兔育种研究进行了综述，以期为今后家兔育种提供参考。 相似文献
12.
van Wijk HJ Arts DJ Matthews JO Webster M Ducro BJ Knol EF 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(2):324-333
Breeding goals in pigs are subject to change and are directed much more toward retail carcass yield and meat quality because of the high economic value of these traits. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of growth, carcass, and meat quality traits. Carcass components included ham and loin weights as primal cuts, which were further dissected into boneless subprimal cuts. Meat quality traits included pH, drip loss, purge, firmness, and color and marbling of both ham and loin. Phenotypic measurements were collected on a commercial crossbred pig population (n = 1,855). Genetic parameters were estimated using REML procedures applied to a bivariate animal model. Heritability estimates for carcass traits varied from 0.29 to 0.51, with 0.39 and 0.51 for the boneless subprimals of ham and loin, respectively. Heritability estimates for meat quality traits ranged from 0.08 to 0.28, with low estimates for the water holding capacity traits and higher values for the color traits: Minolta b*(0.14), L* (0.15), a* (0.24), and Japanese color scale (0.25). Heritability estimates differed for marbling of ham (0.14) and loin (0.31). Neither backfat nor ADG was correlated with loin depth (r(g) = 0.0), and their mutual genetic correlation was 0.27. Loin primal was moderately correlated with ham primal (r(g) = 0.31) and more strongly correlated with boneless ham (r(g) = 0.58). Backfat was negatively correlated with (sub)primal cut values. Average daily gain was unfavorably correlated with subprimals and with most meat quality characteristics measured. Genetic correlations among the color measurements and water-holding capacity traits were high (average r(g) = 0.70), except for Minolta a* (average r(g) = 0.17). The estimated genetic parameters indicate that meat quality and valuable cut yields can be improved by genetic selection. The estimated genetic parameters make it possible to predict the response to selection on performance, carcass, and meat quality traits and to design an effective breeding strategy fitting pricing systems based on retail carcass and quality characteristics. 相似文献
13.
1. Estimates of heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations of performance and meat quality traits were obtained in a population of Japanese quail using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures. 2. The heritability estimates for body weight (BW) traits ranged from 0·15 at hatch to 0·42 at six weeks. For carcase composition traits, heritability estimates ranged from 0·12 for carcase yield to 0·26 for abdominal fat yield and for meat quality traits they ranged from 0·18 for drip loss to 0·54 for yellowness of the meat. 3. Negative genetic correlations were found between BW and carcase traits with ultimate pH and drip loss ranging from ?0·01 (BW at hatch) to ?0·40 (skin yield). Redness and yellowness showed negative genetic correlations with BW and carcase traits, whereas the genetic correlations with lightness were positive (from 0·04 to 0·43). 4. Shear force and cooking loss showed positive genetic correlations with carcase, breast, abdominal and skin yield. 5. In conclusion, meat quality traits have the potential to be improved through genetic selection but selection for higher BW and carcase composition may reduce the meat quality of Japanese quail through reducing redness, ultimate pH and intramuscular fat and increasing lightness, shear force and cooking loss of the meat. 相似文献
14.
Suzuki K Irie M Kadowaki H Shibata T Kumagai M Nishida A 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(9):2058-2065
Using a multitrait animal model BLUP, selection was conducted over seven generations for growth rate (ADG), real-time ultrasound LM area (LMA), backfat thickness (BF), and intramuscular fat content (IMF) to develop a new line of purebred Duroc pigs with enhanced meat production and meat quality. This selection experiment examined 543 slaughtered pigs (394 barrows and 153 gilts) from the first to the seventh generation for meat quality traits. Further, electric impedance and collagen content of loin meat were measured from the fourth to sixth generation. The present study was intended to estimate genetic parameters of the correlated traits of tenderness (TEND), meat color (pork color standard: PCS; lightness = L*), drip loss (DL), cooking loss (CL), pH (PH), electric impedance (IMP), and collagen (COL) of the LM, and the genetic trends of these traits. Respective heritability estimates for IMF, TEND, DL, CL, PCS, L*, PH, IMP, and COL were 0.39, 0.45, 0.14, 0.09, 0.18, 0.16, 0.07, 0.22, and 0.23. Genetic correlations of IMF with ADG and BF were low and positive, but low and negative with LMA. Tenderness was correlated negatively with ADG (-0.44) and BF (-0.59), but positively correlated with LMA (0.32). The genetic correlation between LMA and DL was positive and high (0.64). The genetic correlations of TEND with IMF and COL were low (-0.09 and 0.26, respectively), but a moderate genetic correlation (0.43) between COL and IMF was estimated, suggesting related increases of IMF and connective tissue. Genetic correlations among meat quality traits suggested that when IMF increases, the water holding capacity improves. Genetic trends of meat quality traits showed increased IMF and lighter meat color. 相似文献
15.
E. Safari N.M. Fogarty D.L. Hopkins J.C. Greeff F.D. Brien K.D. Atkins S.I. Mortimer P.J. Taylor J.H.J. Van Der Werf 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2008,125(6):397-402
Genetic correlations between reproduction traits in ewes and carcass and meat quality traits in Merino rams were obtained using restricted maximum likelihood procedures. The carcass data were from 5870 Merino rams slaughtered at approximately 18 months of age that were the progeny of 543 sires from three research resource flocks over 7 years. The carcass traits included ultrasound scan fat and eye muscle depth (EMDUS) measured on live animals, dressing percentage and carcass tissue depth (at the GR site FATGR and C site FATC), eye muscle depth, width and area and the meat quality indicator traits of muscle final pH and colour (L*, a*, b*). The reproduction data consisted of 13 464 ewe joining records for number of lambs born and weaned and 9015 records for LS. The genetic correlations between reproduction and fat measurements were negative (range ?0.06 ± 0.12 to ?0.37 ± 0.12), with smaller correlations for live measurement than carcass traits. There were small favourable genetic correlations between reproduction traits and muscle depth in live rams (EMDUS, 0.10 ± 0.12 to 0.20 ± 0.12), although those with carcass muscle traits were close to zero. The reproduction traits were independent of meat colour L* (relative brightness), but tended to be favourably correlated with meat colour a* (relative redness, 0.12 ± 0.17 to 0.19 ± 0.16). There was a tendency for meat final pH to have small negative favourable genetic correlations with reproduction traits (0.05 ± 0.11 to ?0.17 ± 0.12). This study indicates that there is no antagonism between reproduction traits and carcass and meat quality indicator traits, with scope for joint improvement of reproduction, carcass and meat quality traits in Merino sheep. 相似文献
16.
To explore the influence of Gaopo pig myostatin (MSTN) gene polymorphism on meat quanlity traits (moisture,crude fat,crude protein,crude ash, loin muscle area, marbling score, pH value, color of meat,tenderness,drip loss, water loss rate), MSTN gene was chosen as a candidate gene for research meat quality traits in this study. 50 Gaopo pigs at 10 months old were selected,the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of three exons of MSTN gene in Gaopo pig were detected by direct sequencing of PCR amplification products, and the correlation between MSTN gene SNP and meat quality traits was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that a C/T mutation had been found at 63 bp of MSTN gene exon 3,the site was silent mutation, and did not caused changes of encoding amino acid. Genotype analysis showed only three samples had mutations in the site, CC genotype was the dominant type and allele C was the dominant gene, but there was no TT homozygous genotype. The test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed the research group obeyed the genetic equilibrium (P>0.05). Population genetic parameter analysis showed the heterozygosity (He) of C63T was lower, and had a low variation in Gaopo pig population. Polymorphism information content (PIC) analysis showed that it was a low polymorphic loci (PIC<0.25), and the site could provide a little genetic imformation. There was no significant difference between the different genotypes and meat quality traits (P>0.05).Given the above, the polymorphism of MSTNgene exon was found in Gaopo pig, with less variation and relatively conservative.It's needed to expand the number of sample for further explore whether the site could be considered as genetic markers for meat quality traits of Gaopo pig or not. 相似文献
17.
为了探讨肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin,MSTN）基因的多态性对高坡猪肉质性状（水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、眼肌面积、大理石纹、pH、肉色、嫩度、滴水损失、失水率）的影响,试验以MSTN基因作为肉质性状候选基因,以10月龄的50头高坡猪为研究对象,采用PCR扩增产物直接测序的方法对高坡猪MSTN基因3个外显子的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行研究,运用SPSS 20.0软件分析MSTN基因SNP与肉质性状的关联性。结果表明,仅在高坡猪MSTN基因第3外显子63 bp处检测到1个C/T突变位点,该突变为同义突变,未引起编码氨基酸的改变。基因型分析发现,仅有3个个体在该位点发生突变,CC基因型为优势基因型,C为优势等位基因,无TT纯合基因型。经χ2适合性检验分析,该SNP在研究群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P>0.05）。群体遗传参数分析发现,C63T标记位点的杂合度（He）相对较低,表明其在高坡猪群体中的变异较小;就多态信息含量（PIC）而言,该位点属于低度多态（PIC<0.25）,说明该遗传标记能够提供少量的遗传信息。将该位点的不同基因型与肉质性状指标进行关联分析表明,所有肉质性状指标在不同基因型间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,MSTN基因外显子在高坡猪中存在多态性,但变异较少,相对保守,能否作为高坡猪肉质性状的遗传标记有待于扩大样本数量进一步研究。 相似文献