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1.
王宇 《野生动物》2014,(1):66-68
本研究测定了石林龙晖野生动物科研中心饲养的非洲白犀牛的红细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞比积、平均红细胞体积、平均血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、红细胞宽度变异系数、红细胞宽度标准差、血小板数、平均血小板体积、白细胞数、淋巴细胞绝对值、中间细胞绝对值、粒细胞绝对值、淋巴细胞百分比、中间细胞百分比、粒细胞百分比、大血小板百分比、血小板比积、血小板分布宽度。通过比较分析,雌、雄犀牛在红细胞数、大血小板百分比差异性显著（O．01〈P〈0．05）。其他雌、雄犀牛各项参数差异性不显著（P〉0．05）。雄性白犀牛与公乌蒙马相比,二者的血红蛋白差异性不显著。雌性白犀牛血液中的红细胞数与母乌蒙马的红细胞数差异性不显著。雌、雄白犀牛与安西牛的红细胞数和血红蛋白差异性不显著。因此,在诊断白犀牛血液常规指标时可参考乌蒙马和安西牛相关血液常规指标。  相似文献   

2.
试验旨在为西畴乌骨鸡和文山土鸡的种质保护及认定、人工养殖、饲养管理及疾病防治等提供数据资料。选择成年健康笼养西畴乌骨鸡、笼养文山土鸡各20只(均为公、母各半),测定15项血液生理、生化指标。结果显示：雄性文山土鸡与西畴乌骨鸡的红细胞参数[包括红细胞数（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、血细胞比容（HCT）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）]、白细胞参数[包括白细胞数（WBC）、单核细胞数（Mon）、中性粒细胞数（Gran）]、尿酸（UA）含量均极显著高于雌性（P<0.01）,雌性文山土鸡与西畴乌骨鸡血液白蛋白（ALB）含量均显著高于雄性（P<0.05）。西畴乌骨鸡WBC极显著高于文山土鸡（P<0.01）,雌性西畴乌骨鸡血液葡萄糖（GLU）含量显著高于文山土鸡雌性（P<0.05）。研究表明,根据西畴乌骨鸡与文山土鸡在同品种不同性别以及不同品种间存在的数据差异,应进一步建立基因水平上的差异分析,加强对西畴乌骨鸡与文山土鸡优良性状的筛选及畜禽资源的保护。  相似文献   

3.
铅染毒和ND疫苗免疫对黄羽鹌鹑血液学性状的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
采用2×5因子试验设计,新城疫(ND)免疫分为免疫组和未免疫组,铅染毒按饮水中的醋酸铅浓度分为0、50、500、1 000和2 000 mg/kg 5个水平,将90只14日龄鹌鹑随机分配到各个试验组,自由饮水和采食,研究铅染毒和新城疫免疫对黄羽鹌鹑血液学性状的影响.结果表明,ND免疫可降低白细胞数量(P<0.01)和血红蛋白含量(P<0.05),对红细胞数量、血细胞容积和脆性无显著影响(P>0.05),免疫使异嗜性粒细胞比例升高,淋巴细胞比例下降(P<0.01);铅染毒对红细胞数量和脆性影响不显著(P>0.05),但能降低血红蛋白含量(P<0.01)和血细胞比容(P<0.01).铅染毒能增加白细胞数量并随着铅浓度的升高显著增高(P<0.01),铅染毒使异嗜性粒细胞比例下降而淋巴细胞比例上升(P<0.01).试验时间(21 d和35 d)不同异嗜性粒细胞比例、淋巴细胞比例和血细胞比容变化有明显不同(P<0.01),ND免疫和铅染毒对白细胞数量的影响存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05),免疫和时间对红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容存在显著的交互作用.ND免疫对各类细胞形态无明显影响,但铅染毒能导致红细胞、凝血细胞和部分白细胞变性.  相似文献   

4.
该试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加氨基乙酰丙酸（AIA）对猪红细胞、白细胞数量及血红蛋白含量的影响。试验期28d。结果表明：（1）Img／kgALA组红细胞数量增殖最强．与对照组红细胞数量相比差异性极显著（P≤0．05）,提高17．05％;1mg／kgALA组红细胞数量与抗生素组红细胞数量相比差异性显著（P≤0．1）,提高16．24％;抗生素组红细胞数量与2mg／kgALA组、3mg／kgALA组红细胞数量差异不显著（P〉0．05）;ALA组组间红细胞数量差异不显著（P〉0．05）。（2）血红蛋白含量以1mg／kgALA组最高,与对照组和抗生素组血红蛋白含量相比,差异性显著（P≤0.1）;ALA组组间血红蛋白含量差异不显著（P〉0．05）。（3）白细胞数量以抗生素组增殖最强,抗生素组白细胞数量与2mg／kgALA组、3mg／kgALA组白细胞数量相比差异性显著（P≤0．1）,分别提高45．98％、40．44％。结论：在此试验条件下,饲粮中ALA的最适添加量为1mg／kg。  相似文献   

5.
研究旨在比较不同羽色及性别番鸭在屠宰性能及肌肉成分上的差别,为选育优良番鸭品种提供依据。试验选取1日龄黑羽番鸭、白羽番鸭及黑白花番鸭公、母共324羽,按羽色、性别分为6个处理,每处理设6个重复,每重复9只鸭,各处理饲喂相同日粮,试验期90d。结果表明：雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰率、全净膛率显著高于雄性白羽及黑白花羽番鸭（P〈0．05）,而雌性黑白花番鸭及白羽番鸭的胸肌率和瘦肉率相近且均显著高于雌性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）;各处理番鸭肌肉中汞、镉、砷、铅含量无显著差异（P〉0．05）,且均很微量;各同羽色雄性番鸭肌肉水分、无氮浸出物和粗蛋白质含量均基本略高于其同羽色雌性番鸭,而各处理雌性番鸭肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分含量则高于其同羽色的雄性番鸭;雄性白羽番鸭和黑白花番鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量相近且均显著高于雄性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）;各同羽色番鸭中基本上肌肉氨基酸含量均以雄性高于雌性,而同性别的番鸭比较,雄性白羽番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸的含量显著高于雄性黑羽及雄性黑白花羽番鸭（P〉0．05）;同时雌性各羽色番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸含量呈现出：黑白花番鸭〉黑羽番鸭〉白羽番鸭,但该趋势不显著（P〉0．05）。试验结果表明,雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰性能有一定优势,白羽番鸭肌肉养分和氨基酸含量优势明显。  相似文献   

6.
山楂叶总黄酮对黄羽肉鸡生长及肉品质的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
研究选择21日龄快大型岭南黄羽肉鸡为试验动物，以山楂叶总黄酮为饲料添加剂，验证山楂叶总黄酮替代抗生素对黄羽肉鸡生产性能及肉品质的影响。结果表明：（1）日粮中添加山楂叶总黄酮显著提高了黄羽肉鸡4～6周龄的平均日增重（P〈0．05）和采食量（P〈0．05），降低了料重比（P〈0．05）；但对7～9周龄试验鸡的平均日增重、采食量和料重比影响不明显。（2）日粮中添加山楂叶总黄酮，显著提高了胸肌和腿肌的肉色色度百分比（P〈0．05），降低了胸肌的滴水损失（P〉0．05）：其中D组和E组与对照组相比均达到显著性差异（P〈0．05），但对黄羽肉鸡胸肌的剪切力和pH值影响不显著（P〉0．05）。从添加水平对肉鸡生产性能及肉品质的影响看，4～9周肉鸡日粮中以添加20mg／kg效果最佳，而且山楂叶总黄酮各添加水平组与抗生素组相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。  相似文献   

7.
为了研究日粮中不同水平铁和维生素A对产蛋鸡相关血液理化指标的影响,试验选用27周龄海兰褐商品代蛋鸡432只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,采用3×2(铁×维生素A)完全随机试验设计,日粮铁的添加量分别为0,30,60 mg/kg,维生素A的添加量分别为4 000,8 000 IU/kg。结果表明:日粮中的铁水平对血红蛋白含量、红细胞数、血细胞比容、血沉的影响均不显著(P>0.05),但随着铁水平的提高均有增加趋势;日粮维生素A的水平对血红蛋白含量、红细胞数、血细胞比容、血沉的影响均不显著(P>0.05);铁和维生素A的互作效应对血红蛋白含量、红细胞数、血细胞比容、血沉的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。说明日粮中添加铁和维生素A后对蛋鸡的血液理化指标无显著影响。  相似文献   

8.
从营养和管理方式均不同的两组东北虎群中各选5只体型适中的成年雄性东北虎作为研究对象，其中笼养组以纯肉为日粮，散养组以混合饲料为日粮。麻醉后采集静脉血，测定血液中各项生理生化指标，外周血淋巴细胞增殖性反应，以及血清中白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）的含量。结果：散养组外周血淋巴细胞增殖性反应显著高于笼养组（P〈0．05）；血清尿素、肌酐、淀粉酶、谷丙转氦酶、谷草转氦酶等指标在两组间差异显著（P〈0．05）：全血红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血红蛋白含量、血清蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇等指标组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结果显示：营养和管理方式对东北虎某些血液指标产生影响，混合日粮和散养方式更有利于维持东北虎的正常免疫机能和健康。  相似文献   

9.
试验的目的是比较高海拔地区改良黄牛与本地黄牛血液生化指标和肉品质的差异。从血液中氨基酸的含量来看．本地黄牛蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸5种氨基酸的含量均显著高于改良黄牛（P〈0．05）；色氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸10种氨基酸的含量，本地黄牛均高于改良黄牛，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）；苏氨酸、谷氨酸和脯氨酸3种氨基酸的含量，本地黄牛均低于改良黄牛的含量，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）；本地黄牛的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸的含量均高于改良黄牛（P〉0．05）。从血液生理生化指标上来看，总胆固醇、尿素氮、总抗氧化能力3项指标，本地黄牛显著大于改良黄牛（P〈0．05）；低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的指标含量，本地黄牛高于改良黄牛，且极显著（P〈0．01）；补体第四成分、甘油三酯、葡萄糖、IgA、IgG、IgM、丙二醛、过氧化氢酶、脂蛋白胆固醇9项指标．本地黄牛均高于改良黄牛，但不显著（P〉0．05）；极低密度脂蛋白、C3、总蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶4项指标，本地黄牛均低于改良黄牛．但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。从肉品质上来看，改良黄牛和本地黄牛的大理石纹评分、眼肌面积、剪切力、蒸煮损失等指标均无显著差异（p〉0．05）。  相似文献   

10.
目的：比较实验动物专用血细胞分析仪与医用血细胞分析仪对SD大鼠血液生理指标测定值的差异,分析检测仪器对大鼠血液生理指标测定的影响。方法：36只SD大鼠,体重约200 g,雌雄各半,屏障环境饲养,试验前禁食12 h,麻醉后采血,分别用实验动物专用血细胞分析仪与医用血细胞分析仪测定20项血液生理指标。结果：两种仪器分别检测的SD大鼠的平均血红蛋白浓度、平均血红蛋白含量、白细胞数量、淋巴细胞数量、单核细胞数量、嗜碱性粒细胞数量、嗜中性白细胞百分比、单核细胞百分比、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、血小板数量、血小板分布宽度差异极显著（P＜0.01）;血红蛋白浓度、嗜中性白细胞数量、红细胞分布宽度差异显著（P＜0.05）;红细胞数量、红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积、嗜酸性粒细胞数量差异不显著（P＞0.05）。结论：不同检测仪器对SD大鼠血液学指标的检测有影响。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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