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采用相关分析和通径分析方法对22份豌豆品种（系）的主要农艺性状和产量进行分析。结果表明：农艺性状与产量的相关程度为：主茎节数＞百粒重＞单株荚数＞株高＞荚宽＞主茎分枝数＞单荚粒数＞荚长;关联顺序为：荚宽＞百粒重＞荚长＞单荚粒数＞主茎分枝数＞主茎节数＞株高＞单株荚数。两种分析结果基本吻合,影响豌豆产量的主要因子为百粒重和单株荚数。通径分析表明百粒重对产量的直接作用大,影响百粒重的直接性状为主茎节数,影响单株荚数的直接性状为单荚粒数和主茎分枝数,因此在筛选培育新品种时应注意考察主茎节数与主茎分枝数,以减少这些性状对产量的不利影响。 相似文献
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大豆种子辐照处理后早期世代农艺性状的综合评价及遗传变异 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验利用200Gy ^60Coγ射线处理大豆风干种子，对M1、M2代主要农艺性状的平均表现和遗传变异进行了研究，结果表明：1)M1植株生长缓慢，植株变矮，发育畸形，叶片缺绿、卷缩，出现不孕株、半不孕株、荚熟秆青株、成熟期推迟等现象。2)M1代农艺性状均有不同程度的变化。3)M2代的变异系数从单株粒数、单株荚数、茎粗、株高、荚长、荚宽依次减小。4)M2代株高与百粒重、主茎节数、结荚高度呈极显著正相关，与有效分枝始节、单株荚数、茎粗、单株粒数呈显著正相关；百粒重与单株产量呈负相关；结荚高度与有效分枝始节、主茎分枝数成负相关。5)M2代株系间有显著性差异。6)M2遗传力顺序为主茎节数、株高、结荚高度、单株粒数、荚宽、茎粗、单株荚数、单株产量、荚长。 相似文献
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对攀西地区118份大豆地方品种遗传特性进行了初步研究,结果表明,攀西地区大豆地方品种的主要农艺性状均有较大的遗传变异和选择潜力,尤以分枝数、单株粒数和单株荚数的变异最大;茎粗的遗传率最高,株高、分枝数、主茎节数其次;各性状对产量的遗传相关系数的大小顺序为单株粒数＞单株荚数＞主茎节数＞分枝数＞株高＞百粒重＞茎粗,单株粒数对单株粒重的影响最大,茎粗对单株粒重的影响最小.从中筛选出6个植株高度适中,分枝多、结荚多,单株产量较高的大豆地方品种,可以通过提纯改良用于生产或作为育种的基础材料. 相似文献
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黄淮海夏大豆产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为探讨大豆主要农艺性状对大豆产量影响的主次关系,运用灰色关联度分析法,对黄淮海地区16 个品种12 点试验进行产量与农艺性状的分析,从而为黄淮海地区大豆育种提供理论依据。结果表明：产量与主要农艺性状的关联度大小依次是单株粒重＞分枝数＞株高＞生育日数＞单株荚数＞单株粒数＞主茎节数＞底荚高度＞百粒重。可见,对大豆新品种选育时,应优先考虑单株粒重,分枝数,株高和生育日数。 相似文献
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大豆单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析 总被引：14，自引：7，他引：7
为了探讨大豆各主要农艺性状对单株产量影响的主次关系,以黑龙江省第二积温带种植的6个大豆品种为试验材料,应用灰色系统理论的关联度分析法对与大豆单株产量相关的8个性状进行关联分析。结果表明：大豆单株产量相关性状的灰色关联度大小依次为单株粒数>主茎分枝数>单株有效荚数>百粒重>底荚高度>株高>生育期>主茎节数,与单株产量最为密切相关的性状是单株粒数,其与产量的关联度为0.42,其次是主茎分枝数,与产量的关联度为0.39,主茎节数影响相对较小。因而,在大豆品种选育过程中,应注重单株粒数多和主茎分枝数多的品系选育。 相似文献
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^60Co-r射线辐照处理大豆M3、M4农艺性状的遗传变异研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用150Gy^60Co-r射线对大豆品种的干种子加以辐照处理，对其M3及M4农艺性状的遗传变异研究，结果表明：1)M3及M。变异系数最大的分别是：有效分枝始节、主茎分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株产量。2)相关分析表明：百粒重与荚长、荚宽、单株产量和生育期呈极显著正相关，与主茎节数呈极显著负相关；株高与主茎节数、结荚高度、单株粒数和生育期呈极显著正相关。3)对M3及M4遗传力平均值的分析，遗传力最大的分别是株高、主茎分枝数、结荚高度、单株粒数。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献