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1.
养殖大黄鱼冷藏过程中细菌菌相的变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用感官、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)、菌落总数对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)在0℃、5℃冷藏过程中的品质变化特征进行分析,并对细菌菌相进行定性和定量研究。结果表明,冷藏初期、高品质期和货架期终点菌落总数N(CFU/g)的对数值(lgN)分别为5.40±0.17、6.98±0.17、7.38±0.09,TVBN分别为(7.00±1.82)mg.100-1.g-1、(13.00±1.42)mg.100-1.g-1、(29.92±1.75)mg.100-1.g-1。冷藏初期分离获得211株菌株,84.8%是革兰氏阴性菌,出现少量革兰氏阳性菌(6.2%),优势菌群是肠杆菌科细菌(6.6%)、气单胞菌属(14.2%)、不动杆菌属(13.3%)、摩氏杆菌属(11.8%),并出现了一定比例的假单胞菌属、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和其他细菌。冷藏过程中细菌菌相逐渐变得单一,腐败希瓦氏菌上升趋势明显。高品质期时,0℃冷藏大黄鱼优势菌群为腐败希瓦氏菌(45.8%)和缺陷短波胞单胞菌(13.6%);5℃冷藏大黄鱼优势菌群为腐败希瓦氏菌(37.9%)和假单胞菌属(15.6%)。货架期终点时,0℃、5℃冷藏大黄鱼优势菌为腐败希瓦氏菌,比例分别为75.5%和59.6%。 相似文献
2.
以7—10月的新鲜紫贻贝为试验材料优化培养基,从中分离纯化出各种细菌,并采用MIDI微生物自动鉴定系统结合PCR的方法分析贻贝整体及各部位的优势菌相。试验结果表明,选用加5%贻贝汁和2.5%营养琼脂作为培养基较好;新鲜贻贝的优势菌主要由弧菌、芽孢杆菌和腐败希瓦氏菌组成,而弧菌和腐败希瓦氏菌集中在表面,芽孢杆菌在肠腺占82%;对分离的蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株进行16SrDNA序列分析,发现其与GeneBank中的4,5,6,7株蜡样芽孢杆菌的16SrDNA序列相似性均达到99%,因此,应用MIDI微生物自动鉴定系统鉴定贻贝中优势细菌是可行的。 相似文献
3.
植物精油对冷藏大黄鱼优势腐败菌的抑制作用及其机制 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨天然植物精油对冷藏大黄鱼贮藏过程中优势腐败菌的抑制作用及其机制,实验首先对冷藏大黄鱼的优势腐败菌进行分离纯化,并通过16S r DNA序列分析及生理生化实验进行菌株鉴定;采用纸片扩散法和微量肉汤稀释法检测14种植物精油或其组分对腐败菌株的抑菌活性;在阐明植物精油抗菌活性的基础上,再对植物精油处理后的大黄鱼气味进行感官可接受度检验,以筛选出具有高效抗菌活性和良好感官接受性的精油保鲜剂;实验通过细菌形态扫描电镜观察、胞内乳酸脱氢酶及核酸释放研究山苍子精油对不同腐败菌株的膜损伤作用,以初步阐明其抗菌机制;最后,通过检测微生物数量、产硫菌数量、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)及组胺含量变化来考察山苍子精油对冷藏大黄鱼潜在的保鲜效果;从冷藏大黄鱼中分离得到6株优势腐败菌,分别为腐败希瓦氏菌4株,热杀索丝菌1株,温和气单胞菌1株;14种植物精油对腐败菌株具有不同抑制活性,其中肉桂醛抑菌活性最强,最低抑菌浓度为0.125μL/mL,其次为丁香酚、百里香酚、柠檬醛、柠檬草及山苍子精油,最低抑菌浓度均≤0.5μL/mL;丁香酚、百里香酚、柠檬醛、柠檬草及山苍子精油使用后未导致大黄鱼气味的感官劣化,且可矫正大黄鱼肉的腥味;山苍子精油可破坏腐败菌株的细胞膜,并导致胞内蛋白酶和核酸外泄。经4μL/mL山苍子精油处理后,冷藏过程中大黄鱼片的菌落总数、产硫菌数、TVB-N及组胺含量显著降低。研究表明,肉桂醛、丁香酚、百里香酚、柠檬醛、柠檬草及山苍子精油对大黄鱼特定腐败菌具有显著抑制作用,芳香酚和富含柠檬醛的精油使用后不影响大黄鱼的感官接受性,有望作为天然保鲜剂用于冷藏海产品的保鲜。 相似文献
4.
为了研究冷藏海产品中腐败菌希瓦氏菌和气单胞菌的致腐性差异，本实验比较分析了大黄鱼源波罗的海希瓦氏菌和杀鲑气单胞菌在28℃和4℃下的生长及三甲胺（TMA）、生物胺和挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）的生成；通过PCR技术扩增2种腐败菌的氧化三甲胺还原酶基因（torA），利用生物信息学比较TorA蛋白的相似性、理化特性和蛋白空间结构。结果显示，杀鲑气单胞菌在28℃生长较快，而波罗的海希瓦氏菌在4℃生长更快。相对于杀鲑气单胞菌形成较高的尸胺，波罗的海希瓦氏菌产生更多TMA和腐胺，在冷藏鱼汁中积累更高TVB-N。同时在波罗的海希瓦氏菌和杀鲑气单胞菌中分别扩增出2 490和1 959 bp的torA基因，2种TorA蛋白与同属菌相似性高于97%，而二者相似性仅为36.90%。波罗的海希瓦氏菌TorA蛋白的分子量和等电点分别为92.3 ku和6.52，甘氨酸含量最高，而杀鲑气单胞菌中TorA蛋白的分子量和等电点分别为90.6 ku和6.74，丙氨酸含量最高，蛋白结构差异明显。且希瓦氏菌中torA 和鸟氨酸脱羧酶（DOC）基因表达量分别为气单胞菌的1.26和19.04倍。可见，波罗的海希瓦氏菌和杀鲑气单胞菌为海产品嗜冷腐败菌，其中希瓦氏菌胺类代谢能力更强，与其TorA特定理化特性和高表达量相关。本研究为揭示海产品微生物的致腐机制提供理论支持。 相似文献
5.
大菱鲆腐败菌生长动力学研究和货架期预测 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采集0、3、7、10℃贮藏大菱鲆中希瓦氏菌生长数据,建立了大菱鲆0~10℃贮藏中特定腐败菌生长动力学模型和剩余货架期预测模型。感官、化学和微生物生长动态分析表明,希瓦氏菌为大菱鲆0~10℃贮藏中的特定腐败菌。Gompertz方程能较好地描述希瓦氏菌的生长。采用Belehradek方程描述的温度对希瓦氏菌最大比生长速率和延滞时间的影响均呈较好线性关系。以5℃贮藏大菱鲆中希瓦氏菌生长数据,对所建立的生长动力学模型和剩余货架期预测模型的准确性进行验证,得到最大比生长速率、延滞时间、货架期的预测值相比实测值的相对误差分别为-14.36%、5.61%和6.74%,表明建立的模型可以快速准确的预测大菱鲆0~10℃贮藏过程中的鲜度变化和剩余货架期。 相似文献
6.
冷藏大黄鱼SSO希瓦氏菌致腐能力差异机制初探 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为探讨特定腐败菌(SSO)希瓦氏菌(Shewanella)致腐能力的差异机制,采用生化和16S rDNA鉴定冷藏大黄鱼货架期终点的产H2S菌,在灭菌鱼汁和无菌鱼块筛选4株致腐差异的希瓦氏菌,扩增氧化三甲胺(TMAO)还原酶基因及分析其表达量,并预测其蛋白质的理化性质。结果显示,22株产H2S菌均为希瓦氏菌属,其中 S.baltica占54.5%,为S. putrefaciens占40.9%,S. hafniensis占4.5%。希瓦氏菌在灭菌鱼汁中致腐能力存在显著差异,其中S. balticaXH2和XH8的缺点评分和TVB-N最高,S. putrefaciensXH14和XH17菌最低。接种无菌鱼块的4株希瓦氏菌中XH2的样品在72h出现腐败气味,48h细菌高于107cfu/g,产生较高的TMA、TVB-N、尸胺和腐胺和,XH8菌次之,XH14和XH17菌最慢。四株希瓦氏菌都扩增出2490bp的torA基因,且torA基因的表达量与致腐能力密切相关,S.balticaXH2最高。预测的TorA蛋白中S.balticaXH2的分子量和不稳定指数最大,理论等电点和总平均疏水性最小。可见,S. baltica XH2为冷藏大黄鱼的SSO,其强致腐能力与torA基因高表达量和TorA蛋白理化性质有关。研究为阐明希瓦氏菌致腐机制奠定了良好的基础。 相似文献
7.
罗非鱼冷藏过程细菌种群的变化 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对养殖尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)0～10℃贮藏过程中感官、化学、微生物品质和细菌种群消长研究表明,初始样品挥发性盐基氮为(8.08±0.29)mg/(100g),菌落总数(CFU/g)的对数值为4.79±0.60;细菌种群复杂,种类繁多,分离到570株菌,其中80.5%为革兰氏阴性菌,13.6%为革兰氏阳性菌,优势菌是假单胞菌(Pseudomonas spp.)(36.5%)、肠杆菌科细菌(Enterobacteriaceae)(14.2%)和气单胞菌(Aeromonas spp.)(15.3%),同时检出了一定比例的不动杆菌和其他细菌。冷藏过程中肠杆菌科细菌、气单胞菌等生长受到抑制,细菌菌相组成逐渐变得单一,适应低温环境下革兰氏阴性菌比例不断增加,0℃、5℃、10℃贮藏至货架期终点时,阴性菌的比例分别达到86.4%、88.9%、100.0%;假单胞菌增殖显著,比例分别达到80.7%、68.1%、60.0%,可确认其为0～10℃贮藏罗非鱼的优势腐败菌。假单胞菌的种类变化趋势显示,优势顺序分别为荧光假单胞菌(P.uorescens)、恶臭假单胞菌(P.putida)、铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa)、产碱假单胞菌(P.alcaligenes),0℃、5℃、10℃贮藏至货架期终点时,假单胞菌中荧光假单胞菌分别占52.1%、53.1%、59.3%,可确认其为最优势种群。 相似文献
8.
养殖大黄鱼加工和冰藏过程中鲜度和细菌类型的变化 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
通过对养殖海水以及捕获、加工、流通和冰藏等整个供应链过程养殖大黄鱼的温度履历、感官、化学、微生物的品质监测,评估养殖海水、碎冰和加工过程中大黄鱼细菌卫生状况,分析其在整个过程鲜度和细菌相变化。结果表明,养殖海水和碎冰的菌落总数分别为4.99±0.41 lg cfu/g和3.90±0.32 lg cfu/g,大肠菌群数分别为30~450 MNP/100 g和低于30 MNP/100 g;新捕获养殖大黄鱼的菌落总数为3.82±0.38 lg cfu/g,假单胞菌数为3.13±0.58 lg cfu/g,嗜冷菌数为2.82±0.60 lg cfu/g,大肠菌群数为低于30 MPN/100 g;冰藏第18天时TVBN含量为28.62±0.51 mg/100 g,菌落总数、假单胞菌数、嗜冷菌数和大肠菌群数分别为6.24±0.06lg cfu/g、6.01±0.25 lg cfu/g、5.68±0.21 lg cfu/g和30 MPN/100 g。养殖海水和新捕获鱼中细菌种类繁多,革兰氏阴性菌分别占其总菌株数的64.9%和56.8%;革兰氏阳性菌分别占其总菌株数的27.0%和42.0%;优势菌群为黏性威克斯菌、腐败希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌属。加工结束后,假单胞菌(34.9%)、玫瑰小球菌(32.6%)和缺陷短波单胞菌(14.0%)成为主要菌群。冰藏第4天时仅分离出4种不同类型的细菌,腐败希瓦氏菌比例上升明显,冰藏第10天和第18天时,所占比例分别为63.5%和69.1%,是冷却链养殖大黄鱼产品的优势腐败菌。 相似文献
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为了确定凡纳滨对虾在冷藏条件下内源优势腐败菌的种类,实验采用了细菌分离纯化法,将分离得到的内源腐败菌菌株进行分解蛋白质对比实验,筛选出分解蛋白质能力较强的菌株,进一步采用细菌自动生化系统鉴定法以及16S rRNA序列测定法进行鉴定,实验结果显示凡纳滨对虾在冷藏条件下的内源优势腐败菌是短杆菌属细菌,可以通过控制短杆菌属细菌的方法进行研究对虾内源保鲜技术。细菌自动生化系统鉴定结果的相似度为98.8%,16S rRNA序列鉴定结果的相似度为99.065%。 相似文献
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对0、5和10℃冷藏养殖罗非鱼货架期终点的特定腐败菌进行定性和定量研究,并建立特定腐败菌的生长动力学模型。实验结果表明,0、5和10℃冷藏养殖罗非鱼货架期终点时,假单胞菌占总茵数比例分别为80．7％、68．1％和57．5％。该类菌在营养琼脂和胰酶解大豆胨琼脂培养基上茵落圆状隆起,边缘整齐,透明,无色;菌体为革兰氏阴性杆菌,极生单鞭毛,具有运动性,大小为（0．5～0．7）μm×（1．6～3．2）μm;氧化酶反应为阳性,不能利用海藻糖、棉子醇和甘露醇等;直链、支链、环丙基和羟基脂肪酸等被检出,富含单不饱和脂肪酸（50．18％）,主要脂肪酸有16：10J7c、iso-15：0、16：0和17：Ic08c,比例分别为26．16％、14．83％、7．96％和3．94％;Riboprinter测试其核糖体型为56-S-7。采用修正的Gompertz方程拟合假单胞菌生长模型表明,0、5和10℃冷藏过程延滞时间分别为（59．63±61．88）、（7．25±24．06）和（3．95±9．83）h;最大比生长速率分别为（0．02±0．00）、（0．04±0．00）和（0．08±0．01）／h。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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