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1.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加番茄渣发酵饲料对围产期奶牛抗氧化性能的影响。选择体质均匀,预产期、体重、胎次和泌乳量相近的围产期奶牛16头,随机分为2组,每组8头,对照组饲喂常规全混合日粮（TMR）,试验组在日粮中添加番茄渣发酵饲料（围产前期13%,围产后期11%）。预试期14 d,正试期 60 d（产前30 d至产后30 d）。结果显示,与对照组相比,围产后期试验组奶牛产奶量显著提高（P<0.05）;整个试验阶段,试验组奶牛血清GSH-Px、T-SOD和T-AOC活力均高于对照组,其中,围产前期试验组GSH-Px、T-SOD和T-AOC活力显著提高（P<0.05）,与围产前期相比,围产后期GSH-Px、T-SOD和T-AOC活力等抗氧化指标均呈下降趋势,围产后期试验组奶牛MDA含量较对照组显著降低（P<0.05）,但围产前期和围产后期间无显著差异（P>0.05）;与对照组相比,围产后期试验组红细胞、血红蛋白浓度、尿素氮、低密度胆固醇、铁含量均显著提高（P<0.05）;其他指标两组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,日粮中添加番茄渣发酵饲料对围产期奶牛机体的抗氧化性能和产奶量有一定提高作用。  相似文献   

2.
不同水平维生素A对肉牛机体抗氧化能力的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
选用30头体重350±10 kg西门塔尔×鲁西黄牛杂交肉牛,研究了不同水平维生素A(VA)对肉牛血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、铜、锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的影响。将试牛随机分为对照组(日粮中分别不添加VA)和试验组(日粮中添加VA1 100、2 200、3 300、4 400、5 500 U/kg)。结果表明,日粮中添加3 300~4 400U/kgVA可以明显提高肉牛机体的GSH-Px、CuZn-SOD两种抗氧化酶的活力和T-AOC(P<0.05),但不能提高T-SOD的活力(P>0.05),当日粮中添加5 500 U/kg VA时,以上三种酶的活性和T-AOC都有下降的趋势;日粮中添加4 400~5 500 U/kgVA,可以明显降低肉牛血清中脂质过氧化反应产物MDA的含量(P<0.05),日粮VA添加量低于3 300U/kg时,肉牛血清中的MDA含量与对照组差异不显著;T-AOC、GSH-Px、CuZn-SOD抗氧化酶的活力和MDA的含量均可以敏感的反映出VA的添加水平,可以作为判断VA营养状况性能的指标;T-SOD不是检验VA的抗氧化作用的合适指标;通过T-AOC、GSH-Px、CuZn-SOD抗氧化酶的活力测定,证明肉牛VA的适宜添加水平为3 300 U/kg。添加4 400 U/kg更有利于阻止机体脂质过氧化的程度。各项指标均证明,添加5 500 U/kgVA不利于肉牛的抗氧化作用。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨复合微量元素缓释剂（CTER）的抗氧化作用及相关机理，选择年龄、胎次、体重和处于产奶中期、产奶量相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛20头，随机分为2组，每组10头，试验组添加复合微量元素缓释剂弹丸（简称CTER组），对照组常规饲养管理，于添加复合微量元素缓释剂的0d、30d、60d、90d静脉采血，测定血液中GSH-Px活力和MDA含量；试验结果：与对照组相比较，CTER组GSH-Px活性增强，差异极显著（P〈0．01），而MDA含量则明显降低，差异显著（P〈0．05）。  相似文献   

4.
为研究犬粮中添加硫辛酸对断奶幼犬血液抗氧化功能的影响,试验选择16只30～45日龄体型相近的健康中华田园断奶幼犬,采用完全随机区组试验设计分为对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组4组(α-硫辛酸添加量分别为0,200,400,600 mg/kg),进行为期4周的饲养试验,并于试验第7,14,28天测定了幼犬血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明:高剂量组幼犬血清中T-AOC、 GSH-Px活性、T-SOD活性显著高于对照组和低剂量组(P0.05),中剂量组幼犬血清中T-AOC显著高于对照组和低剂量组(P0.05);中剂量组幼犬血清中GSH-Px、T-SOD活性显著高于对照组(P0.05);高剂量组幼犬血清中MDA含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。说明犬粮中添加600 mg/kgα-硫辛酸可以显著提高幼犬血清的抗氧化能力。  相似文献   

5.
本试验旨在探讨不同泌乳阶段的高产与低产奶牛血清营养状况指标与抗氧化指标的变化规律,并建立血清营养状况指标与抗氧化指标的多元线性回归模型。采用2×6(产奶量:高产≥35 kg/d和低产35 kg/d;泌乳阶段:围产前期、围产后期、泌乳前期、泌乳中期、泌乳后期和干奶期)双因素完全随机试验设计,将240头体重[(550±10)kg]、胎次[(2.08±0.47)胎]、体况(3.0~3.5分)、饲养管理相似的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为12组,每组20头。结果显示:高产奶牛血清β-羟丁酸(β-HB)、维生素A(VA)含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于低产奶牛(P≤0.05)。奶牛围产前期的血清维生素E(VE)、锌(Zn)含量及硫氧还蛋白还原酶(Trx R)活性较低,总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、CAT活性较高;围产后期的血清葡萄糖(GLU)、VA、VE、硒(Se)含量及T-SOD、GSH-Px活性较低,游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、β-HB、丙二醛(MDA)含量及CAT活性较高;泌乳前期的血清GLU、VA、Se、铜(Cu)含量及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、T-SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性较低,MDA含量较高;泌乳中期的Se含量较低,Zn含量较高;泌乳后期的血清Se、Zn、M DA含量较低,GLU含量与Trx R活性较高;干奶期的血清NEFA、Zn含量较低,GLU含量及GSH-Px活性较高。泌乳阶段与产奶量对奶牛血清Se、Zn含量及T-AOC与GSH-Px、Trx R活性的影响存在显著的互作效应(P≤0.05)。多元回归分析结果表明,在围产后期和泌乳前期,血清抗氧化指标MDA含量与血清营养状况指标NEFA及β-HB含量呈显著正相关(P≤0.05),与VA、VE、Se、Zn、Cu含量呈显著负相关(P≤0.05),而血清其他抗氧化指标T-AOC以及T-SOD、GSH-Px活性与上述血清营养状况指标间的多元回归关系正好与MDA含量相反。综上,泌乳阶段对奶牛血清营养状况指标与抗氧化指标有显著影响,在围产后期与泌乳前期,血清营养状况指标NEFA、β-HB、VA、VE、Se、Zn、Cu含量与抗氧化指标T-AOC及T-SOD、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量间呈显著的多元线性回归关系。  相似文献   

6.
酵母硒对肉鹅免疫和抗氧化指标的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
本试验旨在研究酵母硒对肉鹅免疫和抗氧化指标的影响.试验选用1日龄平均体重为(96.15±6.15)g的肉鹅96只,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复8只(公母各占1/2),分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加了0、0.1、0.3和0.5 mg/kg硒(酵母硒的硒含量为1 000 mg/kg)的试验日粮,试验期为9周.结果表明:与对照组相比,(1)免疫指标:0.3 mg/kg添加组的免疫器官指数显著升高(P＜0.05),各试验组淋巴细胞转化率显著升高(P＜0.05),0.3 mg/kg添加组鹅副黏病毒抗体效价在6周龄时显著升高(P＜0.05);(2)抗氧化指标:添加量为0.1 mg/kg时,血清中3和9周龄谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、6周龄总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、3和6周龄总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及肝脏中各周龄GSH-Px、3和9周龄T-SOD、3周龄T-AOC活性显著提高(P＜0.05);添加量为0.3 mg/kg时,血清中各周龄GSH-Px、T-AOC和6周龄T-SOD以及肝脏中各周龄GSH-Px、3和9周龄T-SOD、6周龄T-AOC活性显著提高;添加量为0.5 mg/kg时,血清中3周龄GSH-Px、T-SOD和3、6周龄T-AOC以及肝脏中各周龄GSH-Px、3和9周龄T-SOD活性显著提高;酵母硒添加量在0.1～0.5 mg/kg时,血清和肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)均有显著降低.由此得出,日粮中添加酵母硒可提高肉鹅的免疫与抗氧化能力,以0.3 mg/kg添加量效果最佳.  相似文献   

7.
大豆黄酮对奶牛血清抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
40头健康中国荷斯坦奶牛按胎次、产奶量、泌乳期相近的原则随机分成4组(n=10),试验组日粮中分别添加45、60、70mg/kg的大豆黄酮,对照组饲喂基础日粮。在试验前及试验后10、30、60d颈静脉采血,测定4组奶牛血清中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性,MDA含量、T淋巴细胞转化率和T细胞数,探讨大豆黄酮对奶牛血清抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比较,试验组GSH-Px、CAT和SOD活性显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);MDA含量明显低于饲喂大豆黄酮前(P<0.01);大豆黄酮60、70mg/kg添加组淋巴细胞转化率和T细胞数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究妊娠期补充亚硒酸钠对产后母鼠脏器指数、血常规以及血清和肝脏中抗氧化能力的影响。20只健康Wistar孕鼠随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组母鼠在饮水中添加亚硒酸钠,分别为:低剂量补硒组L(0.2mg/L,n=5)、中剂量补硒组M(0.4mg/L,n=5)、高剂量补硒组H(0.6 mg/L,n=5)和对照组C(0.0 mg/L,n=5)。母鼠于分娩后第4天采样,计算脾脏和胸腺的脏器指数,检测血液生理指标,血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果显示,与对照组相比:补硒后试验组大鼠的血小板数目和体积极显著降低(P0.01),胸腺指数无显著性变化(P0.05),但脾脏指数显著升高(P0.05或P0.01);中、低剂量的亚硒酸钠可以显著性或极显著性提高产后母鼠血清和肝脏中的GSH-Px、T-AOC和T-SOD的活性(P0.05或P0.01),同时降低MDA的浓度(P0.05或P0.01)。高剂量的亚硒酸钠可以显著或极显著性提高MDA的浓度以及GSH-Px和T-AOC的活性(P0.05或P0.01),显著性降低血清中T-SOD的活性(P0.05)。妊娠期母鼠适量补充亚硒酸钠可提高产后脾脏指数及血清和肝脏中的抗氧化能力,过量补硒可以抑制抗氧化能力和减少血小板的数量,机理有待于进一步研究。  相似文献   

9.
选用168只产蛋鸡进行试验,研究在日粮中添加不同比例多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)对产蛋鸡抗氧化机能的影响。采用2×2双因子试验设计。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型日粮,n-3(PUFA)/n-6(PUFA)比例分别为1:1、1:4、1:8、1:16、1:32,维生素E(VE)添加水平为30mg/kg和300mg/kg。在试验开始后第5周和第10周测定血浆中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化力(TAOC)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;试验结束屠宰鸡只测定肝脏匀浆液中T-SOD、GSH-Px、TAOC活性及MDA含量。试验结果表明:随着日粮中n-3(PUFA)/n-6(PUFA)比值的下降,试验鸡血浆及肝脏中T-SOD,TAOC,GSH-Px活性增加,其中血浆中T-SOD活性只有在第5周时才达到显著水平(P<0.05),而血浆中GSH-Px活性在第5周及第10周时均达到显著(P<0.05)水平;血浆和肝脏中MDA含量随着日粮中n-3/n-6比值的下降而显著(P<0.05)下降。高水平VE添加能够显著(P<0.05)提高产蛋鸡血浆和肝脏中T-SOD,TAOC,GSH-PX活性,降低血浆中MDA含量。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究富硒益生菌对肉鸡生产性能和血液抗氧化功能的影响,试验将100羽1日龄雄性AA肉仔鸡随机均分成对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂基础肉鸡日粮,试验组饲喂添加富硒乳酸菌的日粮(其剂量以硒计,硒浓度为0.3 mg/kg),试验期为30 d,在试验过程中记录肉鸡的生产性能,于试验的第10,20,30天采血并测定血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。结果表明:富硒乳酸菌组肉鸡末重和日增重均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而料肉比显著低于对照组(P0.05);富硒乳酸菌组肉鸡血清T-SOD和GSH-Px活性均极显著或显著高于对照组(P0.01或P0.05),而血清MDA含量极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。说明富硒乳酸菌能够明显促进肉鸡生长,提高料肉比,并可增强肉鸡抗氧化功能。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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