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【目的】探究白藜芦醇(resveratrol, Res)对黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1,AFB1)致兔肾脏损伤的保护作用。【方法】将21只40日龄的家兔随机分为3组，每组7只，分别为对照组、AFB1组和AFB1+Res组，其中对照组饲喂基础饲粮，AFB1组饲喂含0.3 mg/kg BW AFB1的基础饲粮、AFB1+Res组饲喂含0.3 mg/kg BW AFB1和30 mg/kg BW Res的基础饲粮，试验期21 d。试验结束后观察家兔肾脏组织病理变化，检测血清中肌酐(creatinine, CRE)、尿素氮(urea nitrogen, BUN)和尿酸(uric acid, UA)含量，检测肾脏组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、总抗氧化能力(tota... 相似文献
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黄曲霉毒素主要由黄曲霉菌和寄生曲霉菌产生的次生代谢产物,物理和化学性质比较稳定,其种类主要包括黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin,AFB1)、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2、AFM1和AFM2,其中AFB1毒性最强,污染最广,被世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构确定为Ⅰ类致癌物。奶牛摄入被黄曲霉毒素污染的花生、玉米、稻米、大豆、小麦等饲料后,部分黄曲霉毒素会转化为AFM1和AFM2,从而存在于乳及乳制品中。本文比较国内外各国黄曲霉毒素限量标准的差异,汇总目前国内外乳及乳制品中黄曲霉毒素的各项检测技术,阐述近年来主要应用的薄层色谱法、质谱法、光谱法、电化学法、快速检测试纸条法等检测方法,分析各类方法在检测乳及乳制品中黄曲霉毒素方面的优点与存在的问题,并对今后乳及乳制品中黄曲霉毒素检测技术的发展方向做出了预测,旨在为更简便、特异性好、灵敏度高的乳及乳制品中黄曲霉毒素检测技术发展提供思路。 相似文献
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【目的】试验以人工胃肠液(artificial gastrointestinal fluid, AGIF)作为反应体系,研制高效的霉菌毒素生物解毒剂,以达到有效降解黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1,AFB1)的目的。【方法】首先考察4种益生菌在人工胃肠液中对AFB1的降解率,然后使用响应面设计对4种益生菌组合进行优化,制备复合益生菌;其次,将复合益生菌与不同浓度的AFB1降解酶进行复合,以筛选最佳复合生物解毒剂;最后评估复合生物解毒剂对AFB1的降解效果。【结果】(1)枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casein)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)和产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)在人工胃肠液条件下对AFB1降解率分别为20.59%、19.97%、28.75%和25.67%;(2)利用响应面设计对4种益生菌进行优化组合,结果表明4种益... 相似文献
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黄曲霉毒素（aflatoxin，AF）是霉菌产生的毒性极强的次级代谢产物，主要存在于乳与乳制品和霉变谷物中。目前研究较多的黄曲霉毒素有黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2、AFM1和AFM2，黄曲霉毒素物理与化学性质稳定，加热处理很难将其破坏，是目前公认的毒性最强的致癌物之一。黄曲霉毒素不仅会造成动物营养不良及免疫力下降等问题，进入人体后还会对人体的肝脏造成极大的损害，而且原料乳中黄曲霉毒素的存在会对整个乳制品产业链造成严重的危害。因此，建立简便的、特异性好、灵敏度高的检测乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素的方法具有十分重要的意义。作者综述了乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素的检测方法进展，介绍了国内外近年来质谱法、电化学法、光谱法、色谱法、试纸条法等方法在检测乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素的应用，总结以上各种方法在检测乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素中的优势与其面临的挑战，并对今后乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素检测方法的发展方向进行了展望，以期为设计新的乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素检测方法提供思路。 相似文献
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黄曲霉毒素对肉鸡毒性作用的研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(3):53-58
黄曲霉毒素主要是由黄曲真菌和寄生曲真菌产生的一类高毒性次级真菌代谢物质,世界范围内大部分的粮食和动物饲料受到黄曲霉毒素的污染,对动物健康与畜禽养殖业可持续发展构成严重威胁。黄曲霉毒素B1（aflatoxin B1,AFB1）是众多霉菌毒素中常见且毒性较强的一种,过量摄入AFB1具有致癌、致畸、免疫抑制等毒性效应。大量研究证实AFB1可对肉鸡的生长、免疫功能、器官发育等方面造成严重影响,威胁家禽业的健康发展。结合国内外研究报道,对黄曲霉毒素的性质、毒性进行概述,从肠道功能障碍、免疫抑制、器官损伤和遗传毒性四个方面阐述AFB1对肉鸡毒性作用的研究进展,以期为进一步阐明黄曲霉毒素对肉鸡毒性作用的分子机制,同时为减轻黄曲霉毒素对肉鸡养殖造成的危害提供参考。 相似文献
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饲料中黄曲霉毒素(AFB1)容易超标,检出率达80%~100%,毒性大,具强致癌性,可抑制生猪免疫机能,降低动物生产性能,引起动物继发感染,还会在动物产品中残留而威胁人类健康,给生猪养殖带来经济损失,降低猪肉食品安全性。本文通过使用先进固体发酵系统设备和益生菌发酵技术,采用单因素试验和响应面中试优化,获得发酵降解猪饲料AFB1的最佳工艺参数为硒浓度0.3 mg/kg,发酵时间12 h,量子波强度30 Hz,益生菌菌种组合CGMCC NO.17328混合CGMCC NO.15611。该工艺将猪饲料AFB1量从63.41μg/kg降解到2.98μg/kg,降解率达到95.30%,AFB1含量达到国家饲料安全标准。生产工艺适合养猪场低成本快速生产AFB1达标猪饲料。 相似文献
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黄曲霉毒素是饲料原料中常见的霉菌毒素,这种毒性极强的物质对家禽养殖业危害巨大,可造成机体生长性能下降与免疫抑制,肝脏严重损伤,甚至死亡,其中毒性最强的为黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)。黄曲霉解毒策略种类繁多,大致可归为物理法、化学法、生物法。物理法和化学法操作简单,但解毒不彻底或引起二次污染;生物法因具有绿色高效的特点,是目前最有前途的解毒策略。本文主要介绍了AFB1对家禽生长性能、肠道健康和机体免疫的影响以及黄曲霉毒素物理、化学解毒方法和生物解毒机制,以期减少黄曲霉毒素对家禽生产的影响。 相似文献
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A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of maifanite, which is mainly composed of aluminosilicate, in reducing the adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on hematology, AFB1 residues, and antioxidant enzymes activities in weaning piglets. A total of 32 (9.28±0.17 kg BW) individually housed crossbred piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Large white) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with 8 replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments included 2 AFB1 levels (5.3 and 372.8 μg/kg) and 2 maifanite levels (0% and 1%). No differences in average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio were observed among treatments. Ingestion of the AFB1-contaminated (AF) diets (372.8 μg/kg of AFB1) reduced (P<0.05) the numbers of neutrophil, monocyte, and total leukocyte. There were no effects of AFB1 on gamma glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities, and total protein, albumin, urea N, total bilirubin, IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations in serum. Aflatoxin B1 was found in the liver and kidney of piglets fed the AF diets. Piglets fed the AF diets reduced (P<0.05) the total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities in serum. However, total superoxide dismutase activity in the liver was increased (P<0.05) in piglets fed the AF diets compared with those fed the basal diets (5.3 μg/kg of AFB1). There was an interaction (P=0.003) in erythrocyte, but piglets fed the diets containing maifanite had greater erythrocyte and lymphocyte (P=0.035) numbers than those fed the diets without maifanite. The AFB1 levels in the liver and kidney of piglets fed the AF diet containing maifanite were 29.6% and 41.2% lower, respectively, than those of piglets fed the AF diet alone. Although there was an interaction (P=0.011), piglets fed the diets containing AFB1 and maifanite had greater serum T-SOD activity compared with those fed the diets with no maifanite. In conclusion, the addition of maifanite to the AF diet resulted in partial restoration of hematology and antioxidant enzymes activities and reduced AFB1 levels in the liver and kidney. 相似文献
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本研究采用间接竞争酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxins B1,AFB1)残留量。将AFB1与蛋白质载体牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清白蛋白(OVA)偶联制备了AFB1-BSA和AFB1-OVA偶联物,以AFB1-BSA作为免疫原制备特异性抗体,并成功建立了AFB1残留间接竞争ELISA检测方法及检测试剂盒。试剂盒IC50为128.8 ng/L,检测线性范围为50~1800 ng/L,检测限不超过100 ng/kg;食用油、花生和谷物的平均添加回收率大于71.3%,批内、批间变异系数均小于14.2%。因此,本试剂盒具有操作简便、检测快速、灵敏度高等特点,将在植物性食品中AFB1的残留检测中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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Katarzyna Slizewska Adriana Nowak Zdzislawa Libudzisz Janusz Blasiak 《Research in veterinary science》2010,89(3):391-395
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a probiotic preparation on the genotoxicity of faecal water of broiler chickens fed with a fodder contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at 1 or 5 mg per kg. Human blood lymphocytes were exposed to chicken’s faecal water samples and DNA damage was measured using the comet assay. Genotoxicity of faecal water did not depend on the AFB1 concentration in the fodder. The mean DNA damage, measured as the percentage of DNA in the tail of the comets, for chickens fed with fodder with AFB1 at 1 mg/kg was 16.80 ± 0.66, at 5 mg/kg – 16.73 ± 1.51 and in the controls – 12.79 ± 0.66. The supplementation of fodder with the probiotic preparation decreased the extent of DNA damage to 10.02 ± 0.39 for 1 mg/kg AFB1 and to 11.89 ± 0.72 for 5 mg/kg. 相似文献
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Spotti M Fracchiolla ML Arioli F Caloni F Pompa G 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(6):507-515
A recent approach to the problem of contamination of agricultural products by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is to add non-nutritional adsorbents to animal diets in order to sequester ingested aflatoxins. We conducted in vitro experiments to develop a rapid and cheap model using ruminal fluid to assess the ability of sorbent materials to bind AFB1. Seven sorbents (hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate; clinoptilolite; zeolite; two types of bentonite; sepiolite; and
PHIL 75), commonly added to bovine diets were incubated in water and ruminal fluid in the presence of AFB1. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, sepiolite and one of the bentonites bound 100% of the AFB1 in the presence of both ruminal fluid and water; clinoptilolite bound about 80% of AFB1 in both liquids; whereas the affinities for the mycotoxin of zeolite (50%) and the other sample of bentonite (60%) in water
seem to be increased by about 40% in ruminal fluid incubations. PHIL 75 had the poorest binding ability: about 30% in water
and 45% in ruminal fluid. In view of the differences in toxin binding in water and ruminal fluid, it is preferable to use
the ruminal fluid model for the in vitro pre-screening of sorbent materials potentially useful as adjuvants to ruminant feeds. 相似文献
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Chiara Zullian Alessandro Menozzi Cristina Pozzoli Enzo Poli Simone Bertini 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,187(3):342-346
The effects of selective α2-agonists (xylazine, detomidine and medetomidine) and antagonists (yohimbine and atipamezole) on in vitro small intestine motility in the horse were evaluated. Samples of equine jejunum were placed in isolated organ baths and drug-induced modifications of motility were measured by means of an isotonic transducer. All tested α2-agonists dose-dependently reduced both spontaneous and electrically-evoked phasic contractions. Conversely, α2-antagonists were ineffective when tested alone, and showed a heterogeneous and dose-independent ability to inhibit agonist activity. In particular, the antagonism exerted by higher concentrations of both yohimbine and atipamezole against α2-agonists was weaker than when lower concentrations were used. The data are indicative of the presence of both pre- and post-synaptic α2-adrenoceptors with inhibitory activity on equine jejunum motility, and support a possible therapeutic utility of these drugs in horse intestinal disorders associated with hypermotility. 相似文献
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Only limited and contrasting information is available about the metabolic fate in cattle of fumonisin B1, a mycotoxin produced by moulds of Fusarium. This study was carried out to evaluate the hepatic metabolism of fumonisin B1 by bovine liver microsomes. No biodegradation or metabolization of the mycotoxin by liver microsomes was detectable after incubating fumonisin B1 with bovine microsomes in the presence of a regenerating system for 1 h. No aminopolyol 1, aminopolyol 2 or aminopentol, metabolites of fumonisin B1, were detected in any of the incubated samples. The tolerance of ruminants to fumonisin B1 is apparently not dependent on its detoxification in the rumen. 相似文献
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Keller KM Queiroz BD Keller LA Ribeiro JM Cavaglieri LR Pereyra ML Dalcero AM Rosa CA 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(8):1037-1045
Feed contamination can lead to nutrient losses and detrimental effects on animal health and production. The purposes of this
study were to investigate the mycobiota in equine mixed feeds and to determine natural contamination with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1). Fungal enumeration of equine feed samples was done. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was
applied to quantify AFB1 and FB1. A comparison between ELISA and HPLC was carried out. Feed mould counts ranged from <1× 102 to 1× 105 cfu/g. The most frequent genus isolated was Aspergillus (40.54%), followed by Penicillium (18.38%) and Fusarium (16.22%). The most prevalent Aspergillus sp. was A. flavus (36%). AFB1 values ranged between 0.01 and 99.4 μg/kg. FB1 levels ranged between 0.01 and 7.49 μg/kg. HPLC and ELISA methods showed positive correlation for AFB1 and FB1 determinations (r = 0.9851 and r = 0.9791, respectively). The ELISA analytical method was efficient for AFB1 and FB1 detection. The scarcity of studies on natural fungal contamination and on the presence of AFB1 and FB1 in materials used as equine feed ingredients highlights the value and contribution of this study. 相似文献
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R. J. Slappendel I. van der Gaag J. J. van Nes Th. S. G. A. M. van den Ingh R. P. Happé 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(1):30-40
Summary A newly recognised disease, which we have given the provisional name of familial stomatocytosis‐hypertrophic gastritis (FSHG), is described in two families of dogs of the Drentse patrijshond breed. The affected dogs consisted of 3 females and 5 males, 3 to 19 (mean 9.5) months of age at admission. The main clinical problems were diarrhoea, icterus, and ataxia and paresis of the pelvic limbs. Laboratory evaluation revealed abnormal red cell shape (stomatocytosis), increased osmotic fragility, haemolytic anaemia, and increased liver enzymes and serum bilirubin. Gastroscopic and histopathologic examination of the gastric mucosa revealed hypertrophic gastritis resembling Ménétrier's disease in man. Histologic findings in the liver were suggestive of progressive liver disease. Cysts were found in the kidneys of the five oldest patients. Electroneurography in 2 dogs revealed polyneuropathy. In the parents of 2 patients (sister and brother), there were no clinical or laboratory abnormalities. An autosomal recessive hereditary defect of lipid metabolism is suspected. 相似文献
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牦牛是青藏高原地区重要的生产生活资料,牦牛因拔毛、去势、育肥运输等外科创伤时有发生。破伤风是一种经创伤感染的人畜共患性传染病,因创伤较多而导致牦牛破伤风患病率有所增加。出自“牛马病例汇集”的四虫汤由乌蛇、全蝎、僵蚕、蝉蜕、荆芥、防风、川芎、羌活、独活、知母、当归、桔梗、薄荷、天麻、钩藤、南星和细辛组成,能祛除经络肌肉之风邪,搜风活络解痉,对破伤风有效。笔者运用四虫汤治疗牦牛破伤风,配合对症治疗,收治破伤风患牛22例,治愈21例,效果较好。 相似文献
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《New Zealand veterinary journal》2012,60(1):23-30
ABSTRACTAim: To estimate the frequency of infection with equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) among horses from the central North Island of New Zealand, including the frequency of detection of the D752 genotype.Methods: Samples of retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLN) and submandibular lymph nodes (SLN) were dissected from the heads of 63 horses that were humanely killed for various unrelated reasons between March and November 2015. DNA extracted from these tissues was subjected to enrichment for EHV-1 sequences by hybridisation with biotin-labelled EHV-1 specific probe, followed by recovery of EHV-1 sequences on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. Enriched samples were tested for the presence of EHV-1 using nested quantitative real-time PCR. The EHV-1 amplicons were sequenced to determine the genotype of the virus.Results: The median age of the horses was 6 (min 2, max 30) years, and 47/63 (75%) were Thoroughbreds. EHV-1 DNA was detected in RLN samples from 6/63 (10%) horses, and three of these horses were also positive for EHV-1 DNA in SLN. The remaining horses were negative for EHV-1 DNA in both RLN and SLN samples. The N752 genotype was detected in all positive samples and the D752 genotype was not detected in any of the samples.Conclusions: EHV-1 continues to circulate among horses in New Zealand. The frequency of latent EHV-1 infection among sampled horses may have been underestimated due to the sensitivity limit of the assay or because of the limited anatomical sites sampled in the study. Lack of detection of the D752 genotype suggests that infection with this genotype is not common in horses in New Zealand.Clinical Relevance: If live animals are tested for EHV-1 using SLN biopsy it should be kept in mind that negative results do not rule out the presence of latent EHV-1 infection at other sites inaccessible for testing. The RLN appear to be the preferred sample for detection of EHV-1 DNA in horses following recent euthanasia. 相似文献