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1.
The effects of the lipopolysaccharide-protein complex (LPS) and crude capsular antigen (CCA) prepared from Pasteurella multocida serotype A isolated from a duck in the Philippines, on antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (BA) and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the chickens were studied. Chickens injected subcutaneously with LPS and CCA at 1 and 2 weeks of age and immunized intravenously with the mixed antigens of SRBC and BA, at 3 and 4 weeks of age showed significantly increased antibody responses against both SRBC and BA, when evaluated at 7 days after each immunization. In addition, these chickens sensitized intramuscularly with the emulsion of BSA in complete Freund's adjuvant at 5 weeks of age, and then injected into the wattle with BSA at 7 weeks of age also showed significantly increased DTH responses against BSA, when evaluated at 24 and 48 hr after challenge. These results indicate that LPS and CCA of P. multocida serotype A have a property enhancing humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.  相似文献   

2.
Two experiments were conducted to study the difference in humoral immune responses between lines of chickens selected for high (H) or low (L) antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Prior to i.v. immunization with SRBC or Brucella abortus (BA), chicks of both lines were injected with either 2, 3 or 4 ml carbon suspension (59 mg carbon/ml) per kg body weight; controls were not injected. In both the H and L line, a higher dose of carbon showed a more progressive depression of the total antibody titer to SRBC during the initial stage of the primary response. The 2ME-resistant antibody titers to SRBC showed the same tendency during the latter phase of the primary response. However, chicks treated with 3 ml carbon had lower 2ME-resistant antibody titers than any other group. Following i.m. reimmunization with SRBC, the previous treatment with carbon doses enhanced total antibody titers throughout the secondary response, when compared to the controls. The 3 ml carbon-treated chicks had the highest total anti-SRBC titers in the secondary response. The secondary 2ME-resistant anti-SRBC titers were not affected by the carbon doses. Carbon treatment did not affect the antibody titers to BA. No differences between the H and L line were found in the effects of carbon on the humoral immune responses to SRBC or BA.  相似文献   

3.
Two experiments were conducted in which the effect of carrageenan (CGN) on humoral immune response of chicks selected on either high (H) or low (L) antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was determined. H and L line chicks were injected i.p. with different doses of CGN prior to immunization with SRBC or Brucella abortus (BA). Four weeks later chicks were reimmunized with the same antigens. In general, control H and L chicks had significantly higher total anti-SRBC titers than CGN-treated chicks in primary response. Also, total anti-BA titers were significantly higher in control chicks than CGN-treated chicks on days 3 and 5 following primary immunization and on days 0 and 7 of the secondary response. Overall, the 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME)-resistant anti-SRBC titers did not differ significantly among the CGN-treated groups. However, control chicks tended to have higher anti-BA 2ME-resistant titers from day 14 p.i. of primary response on. Regardless of antigen or CGN treatment, the H line chicks had significantly higher titers than L line chicks. However, the CGN treatments did not affect the antibody response to BA nor to SRBC differently between L and H line chicks. It would appear that since CGN is cytotoxic for macrophages, selection for antibody production did not result in different abilities of the macrophages of these chicken lines to respond to an antigenic challenge.  相似文献   

4.
左旋咪唑对鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的作用   总被引：38，自引：2，他引：38  
系统研究了左旋咪唑对鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的作用。结果表明左旋咪唑可影响正常鸡的免疫功能 :左旋咪唑可显著促进鸡外周血T淋巴细胞增殖 ,但对B淋巴细胞无明显影响 :2 5～ 1 0mg/kg左旋咪唑可使CD+4/CD+8淋巴细胞比值明显升高 ;左旋咪唑可使鸡体内抗颗粒性、胸腺依赖性抗原SRBC抗体滴度 ,抗可溶性、胸腺依赖性抗原BSA抗体滴度和抗非胸腺依赖性抗原BA抗体滴度均明显升高 ;2 5～ 1 0mg/kg左旋咪唑可使鸡血清总补体活性明显升高。左旋咪唑影响正常鸡回忆性免疫应答反应 :左旋咪唑 ( 1 0mg/kg)可使二次免疫鸡抗SRBC抗体滴度和抗BA抗体滴度回忆性免疫应答反应明显升高 ;但使鸡对抗BSA抗体滴度回忆性免疫应答反应明显降低。  相似文献   

5.
试验旨在研究红景天提取物对高原缺氧条件下肉鸡接种法氏囊疫苗和绵羊红细胞后产生的特异性抗体水平的影响。随机选取100只1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡,随机分为5组。其中,对照组只饲喂基础日粮,其余4组分别在基础日粮中添加0.10%、0.15%、0.20%和0.40%红景天水提物干粉。每个组取半数鸡只于13日龄腹腔注射接种绵羊红细胞,另一半鸡只于20日龄口服接种法氏囊疫苗。研究发现,免疫接种法氏囊疫苗后2 d和19 d,相比于对照组,0.20%和0.40%红景天处理组显著提高了法氏囊疫苗抗体水平(P<0.05)。在腹腔注射绵羊红细胞后5 d、8 d和12 d时,相比对照组,0.20%和0.40%红景天处理组显著提高了绵羊红细胞抗体水平(P<0.05)。该试验表明红景天提取物可以提高高海拔缺氧条件下肉鸡特异性抗体水平,因此其可能作为高海拔缺氧条件下肉鸡日粮的一种免疫调节性添加剂。  相似文献   

6.
The effect of serotype II infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates from turkeys on the homoral immune response of turkey poults was determined. Following exposure to the OH IBDV isolate, poults in two experiments were inoculated with sheep red blood cells, which is a T-dependent antigen, and poults in two other experiments were inoculated with Salmonella heidelberg O antigen, which is a T-independent antigen. Prior exposure to serotype II IBDV did not affect serum antibody titers to these antigens. IBDV infection also did not affect the concentrations of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, or IgA in these poults. Bursa:body weight ratios of OH IBDV-infected poults were not significantly different from those of uninfected controls. In one experiment, the humoral immune response of poults to the LaSota Newcastle disease vaccine was not affected by infection with the MO IBDV isolate. Although no clinical infectious bursal disease was observed in any poult in these experiments, the serotype II IBDV isolates were infectious and transmissible in poults.  相似文献   

7.
Antibody titers for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, and reovirus from chicks with chicken anemia agent (CAA) antibodies were compared with antibody titers from their CAA-antibody-negative counterparts. These comparisons were made in 396 chickens that were 1 day, 2 weeks, 8-9 weeks, 10 weeks, 17 weeks, or 29-32 weeks old. Only one serum sample was collected from any given chick or chicken. There were no significant differences between the antibody titers at any age for any antigen, with one exception: at 29-32 weeks, the IBDV titers were higher (t = 2.62, df = 142, P less than 0.01) in chickens with CAA antibody. Although not at all likely, we believe that the observation of high IBDV antibody titers in CAA-antibody-positive chicks could have been a spurious one.  相似文献   

8.
A Silim  D Venne 《Avian diseases》1989,33(4):643-648
Eggs and blood were collected from 11 hens in each of nine broiler-breeder flocks in Quebec. Serum and egg-yolk extracts were assayed for antibody titers to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and reovirus (RV) by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Comparison was made between egg-yolk and serum antibody titers by a regression analysis. A high correlation was observed between serum and yolk antibody titers to all the viruses tested (r = 0.9 for IBDV, 0.84 for IBV, 0.84 for NDV, and 0.91 for RV). Antibody monitoring of commercial breeder flocks using egg yolk instead of serum with commercial ELISA plates is thus feasible and is recommended.  相似文献   

9.
CAV与REV共感染SPF鸡对疫苗免疫反应的抑制作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
用1日龄SPF鸡人工感染鸡贫血病毒(CAV)和禽网状内皮增生病病毒(REV),探讨病毒感染对鸡体疫苗免疫反应的影响。结果表明,在用禽流感病毒(AIV,H5和H9)疫苗免疫后,CAV与REV单独感染均显著抑制了鸡体对H5和H9亚型禽流感病毒灭活疫苗的HI抗体反应,在CAV与REV共感染后,这种抑制作用更为明显。CAV单独感染后鸡体对新城疫病毒(NDV)和传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)疫苗的免疫反应受到抑制,但与对照组在统计学上的差异不显著,然而,CAV可以显著加重REV感染对鸡体在NDV和IBDV疫苗免疫后抗体反应的抑制作用。从而证实CAV与REV共感染在疫苗免疫抑制上有协同作用。  相似文献   

10.
The serum antibody titers to diphtheria toxoid and human serum albumin were determined in 103 goat kids from lines selected for 12 yr for high or low antibody response to diphtheria toxoid. In the 12th yr, six groups of kids were immunized with different preparations of the antigens. In all groups but one, the antigens were emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant with added sonicated Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The groups received the following treatments: Group 1 was immunized with both antigens mixed in the same syringe, Group 2 got both antigens injected separately, Group 3 got both antigens injected separately, but with a lower concentration of M. paratuberculosis, Group 4 was immunized with diphtheria toxoid only, Group 5 was immunized with human serum albumin only, and Group 6 was immunized with both antigens mixed, but without any M. paratuberculosis. The animals were immunized at 4 wk of age, and the antibody titers were determined 3 wk later by ELISA and passive hemagglutination. The mean antibody titers to both antigens were different between the selected lines (P less than .03). There was no effect of separate vs combined injections of antigens. However, there were indications of antigen suppression or competition between the antigens. Animals receiving only one antigen seemed to mount a higher antibody response to that antigen than did animals immunized with two antigens.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

Antibody titers raised for vaccinations against avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) were higher in Chinese Beijing-You (BJY) than in White Leghorn (WL) (P<0.001), but there was no breed difference in titers for sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Genotyping by PCR-SSCP identified seven haplotypes in WL and 17 in BJY. After sequencing PCR products (35 and 85, respectively), 43 (WL) and 47 (BJY) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the 264 bp of exon 2. In WL chickens, significant associations were found with antibody responses to AI (two SNPs), ND (six SNPs), and SRBC (one SNP), while in BJY there was association with responses to ND (two SNPs) and SRBC (two SNPs), but none with AI. These results indicate that the genomic region bearing exon 2 of the major histocompatibility complex B-F gene has significant effects on antibody responses to SRBC and vaccination against AI and ND. Different SNPs affected antibody titers for each of the antigens and they differed between these very distinct breeds.  相似文献   

12.
A recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV/VP2) expressing infectious bursal diseases virus (IBDV) VP2 gene has been constructed. After purification and identification of rFPV/VP2, the adjuvant activity of the recombinant chicken IL-12 (rchIL-12), synthesized by our previous construct of rFPV/chIL-12, in rFPV/VP2-expressed rVP2 antigen was assessed in one-week-old specific-pathogen free chickens. The results indicated that rchIL-12 alone or rchIL-12 plus mineral oil (MO) co-administered with rVP2 antigen significantly enhanced the production of serum neutralization (SN) antibody against IBDV, compared to those with MO alone. The SN titers in groups receiving rVP2 antigen with MO alone were more inconsistent after vaccination. On the other hand, rchIL-12 significantly stimulated IFN-γ production in serum and in splenocyte cultured supernatant, suggesting that rchIL-12 alone or plus MO significantly induced a cell-mediated immune response. Finally, bursal lesion protection from very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) challenge in chickens receiving rVP2 antigen with rchIL-12 alone or plus MO was much more effective than that with MO alone at two weeks after boosting. Taken together, rchIL-12 alone augmented in vivo the induction of a primary and also a secondary SN antibody production and a cell-mediated immunity against IBDV rVP2 antigen, which conferred the enhancement of bursal lesion protective efficacy from vvIBDV challenge. These data indicated that a potential for chIL-12 as immunoadjuvant for chicken vaccine development such as IBDV rVP2 antigen.  相似文献   

13.
Direct application of antigens to skin together with an adjuvant, a procedure called transcutaneous immunization (TCI), can induce systemic immune responses in mice, humans, cats and dogs. In previous studies we found that cholera toxin (CT) applied topically on unbroken skin induces systemic antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses in sheep. The current study examined whether concurrent administration of CT and tetanus toxoid (TT) delivered transcutaneously could induce specific antibody responses to both antigens in sheep. Antibodies to both TT and CT were induced by TCI although antibody titres in serum to TT were higher in sheep receiving TT plus alum by intramuscular injection (n=5) than TT plus CT by TCI (n=5). The ratio of IgG1/IgG2 antibody to TT in serum was near unity, and the route of immunization, TCI versus injection, did not influence this ratio. In contrast, the ratio of IgG1/IgG2 antibody differed significantly between the two antigens, TT and CT, delivered by TCI, with a higher proportion of IgG1 antibody in serum to CT than TT. Antibody to TT was detected in lung washes from TCI and injection groups, with IgG1 predominating over IgG2 in both groups. IgA antibodies to CT and TT were detected in sera of CT and TT-immunized groups respectively but in lung washes IgA antibody to TT was detected only in the injection group. Results show that TCI induced systemic antibody responses to CT and the co-administered antigen TT, whereas no evidence was obtained for mucosal IgA responses following TCI.  相似文献   

14.
Chicks from lines selectively bred for either high or low antibody response post-primary immunization (PPI) to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and their reciprocal crosses were immunized intravenously with 0.1 ml of 0.25% SRBC antigen in Trials 1 and 3 and with 0.1 ml of 0.025%, 0.25%, or 25% SRBC antigen in Trial 2. All initial immunizations were made at 35 days of age, and 0.1 ml of 0.25% SRBC booster dose was given 24 days later. Results showed that (a) population differences appeared by day 4 PPI and persisted through day 24 PPI, (b) regardless of population, peak titers occurred at about the same time for primary and secondary immunizations, (c) dosage of antigen influenced differences among populations in antibody response to primary immunization, and (d) both selected lines had similar responses in 2-mercaptoethanol-sensitive and 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant antibodies to primary but not secondary immunization.  相似文献   

15.
Our group has established two lines of meat-type chickens divergently selected for early (HC line) and late (LC line) antibody responsiveness at 10 days of age to immunization with inactivated pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. The question addressed in the study presented here is whether this selection has changed other immunological responses, increasing the overall 'early' immunocompetence. Broilers of the third and fourth generations (S3 and S4) of the selected lines (HC and LC) and a control, unselected line (CT) were vaccinated at 10 days of age with E. coli vaccine, Newcastle virus vaccine (NDV), sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Line-HC chicks exhibited higher antibody titers to E. coli, NDV and SRBC than CT or LC chicks. At 20 days of age HC chicks demonstrated a higher total protein and a higher beta- and gamma-globulin levels in their serum. At 21 days of age, HC chicks cleared carbon particles faster than LC chicks. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from HC chicks vaccinated with E. coli vaccine, proliferated in vitro more actively in the presence of the stimulating antigen than the PBL of LC chicks. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from HC-line chicks exhibited a higher proliferative response to concanavalin A (Con A)-, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- or pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulation than LC PBL. These results demonstrate that the selection for high or low antibody response to E. coli at a young age resulted also in a significant change in the response of other parameters of the immune system. The high response to E. coli was found to be associated with a high antibody response to other antigens (NDV and SRBC), increased phagocytic activity and increased proliferative response to antigen or mitogens. The selection most probably affected early immunocompetence.  相似文献   

16.
甲硝唑对鸡回忆性体液免疫应答反应的作用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
本试验系统观察了甲硝唑对鸡回忆性体液免疫应答反应的作用,并与咪唑类化合物左旋咪唑进行了比较。28日龄鸡,免疫注射绵羊红细胞 牛血清白蛋白(SRBC BSA)悬液,或稀释的布氏杆菌(BA)抗原。56日龄时,以10.0、100.0mg/kg甲硝唑或10.0mg/kg 左旋咪唑饮水给药,连用3d,给药第二天同时进行第二次免疫注射。结果表明甲硝唑(10.0~100.0mg/kg)可使鸡体内对颗粒性胸腺依赖性抗原SRBC和非胸腺依赖性抗原BA抗体滴度回忆性免疫应答反应明显升高;但使鸡对可溶性胸腺依赖性抗原BSA抗体滴度回忆性免疫应答反应明显降低。与甲硝唑比较,左旋咪唑(10.0mg/kg)也存在着非常类似的作用。  相似文献   

17.
Systemic humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of four Holstein cows with natural Mycoplasma bovis mastitis were evaluated to determine whether a relationship exists between systemic cellular and humoral responses and the pathogenesis and resolution of infection. In vitro lymphocyte activation tests of peripheral blood lymphocytes and in vivo skin tests with M. bovis antigens provided evidence that cell-mediated immune responses against M. bovis may be involved in successful resolution or containment of infection. In several observation it appeared that viable M. bovis and their aqueous extracts are suppressive to cell-mediated responses.Humoral responses were determined by the serum indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test and the growth inhibition test. The IHA titers after approximately 2 weeks of infection were elevated; however, 75–87% of the IHA activity was in the IgM antibody class.The cell-mediated immune responses may be necessary for resolution of mycoplasmal mastitis both directly and via their helper cell function on antibody production. However, it appears that immune injury to mammary tissue results from the immunologic response to infective mycoplasma. Presence of locally secreted antibody and locally active immune cells may provide a better indication of those animals in the process of resolving the infection than was observed using systemic indicators of immune responsiveness such as indirect hemagglutination or growth inhibition tests.  相似文献   

18.
The sensitivity of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for bovine IgG serum antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica was compared with that of an indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes were grown in a chemically defined cell culture medium, and soluble antigens released into the growth medium were used in the ELISA and IHA test. An ELISA with serotype-1 antigen consistently detected antibody in sera that were positive by IHA test (correlation, 99%). Sera reacting with serotype-1 ELISA antigens also reacted with ELISA antigens prepared from other serotypes. Although ELISA titers averaged 5 log2 units higher than IHA titers, plots of titers determined by the 2 methods were approximately linear. Titer increases detected in paired serum samples by either test were similar. The ELISA was more sensitive than was the IHA in detecting colostral IgG antibody in serum of newborn calves. The ELISA uses a simple, stable antigen preparation and detects antibody to P haemolytica serotypes that commonly infect cattle.  相似文献   

19.
Carrageenans (CGN), sulphated polygalactans, have been reported to be cytotoxic for macrophages in vitro. On this basis, the effect of the 3 major CGN types on humoral immune responses in chickens was investigated. Carrageenan had no effect on body and lymphoid organ weights. Histologically, CGN produced a significant proliferation of reticuloendothelial cells in liver and spleen, but no changes were observed in lymphocyte populations of the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, or spleen. Intracoelomic pretreatment with high doses of CGN induced a marked suppression of primary responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) given by the same route. However, if SRBC were injected intravenously into chickens already treated intracoelomically with CGN, no evidence of suppression was demonstrated. Antibody responses to Brucella abortus (BA), a T-independent antigen, were not affected by intracoelomic treatment with CGN. Intravenous pretreatment with CGN did not alter antibody responses to SRBC and BA given by the same route.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute and highly contagious viral disease of young chickens caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). An effective way to control IBDV would be to breed chickens with a reduced susceptibility to IBDV infection. In the present work, we used chickens selected for high and low specific responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) (H and L, respectively) to assess the susceptibility of differential immune competent animals to IBDV infection. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of high SRBC line (HL) and low SRBC line (LL) were infected with IBDV and viral RNA loads were determined at different time post-IBDV infection. Chicken orthologues of the T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2); a Th2 cytokine, IL-10; a pro inflammatory cytokine, IL-6; the CCL chemokines, chCCLi2, chCCLi4 and chCCLi7; colony stimulating factor, GM-CSF; and a anti-inflammatory cytokine, transforming growth factor β-2 (TGFβ-2) were quantified. The expression of chCCLi2, chCCLi4 and chCCLi7 was significantly higher in L line as compared to H line. However, in H line the viral RNA loads were significantly lower than in L line. Therefore, the upregulated chemokines might be associated with the susceptibility to IBDV. The expression of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 was significantly higher in H line as compared to L line. We assume that the higher proinflammatory cytokines expression in H line might be related to the rapid clearance of virus from PBMCs. Significantly higher levels of IL-10 and TGFβ-2 mRNAs in L line might be related to the pathogenesis of IBDV. In conclusion, selection for antibody responses appears to influence the expression profiles of chemokines and cytokines against IBDV. Further, the selection for high SRBC response might improve the immuno-competence of chickens against IBDV.  相似文献   

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