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虎(Panthera tigris)是全球生物多样性保护的旗舰物种和保护伞物种,在维持健康自然生态系统功能中占据不可替代的重要地位,虎种群的有效保护和可持续生存对中国乃至全球生态安全具有深远意义。我国现分布有印支虎(P.t.corbetti)、孟加拉虎(P.t.tigris)、华南虎(P.t.amoyensis)和东北虎(P.t.altaica)4个虎亚种,其中最有希望恢复野生种群的就是东北虎。虎的保护也面临着巨大的挑战,包括虎种群数量和分布区的动态变化不清;适宜栖息地面积不断缩小退化、扩散通道受阻;缺乏针对虎生态景观系统保护的实施规划及国家财政建设资金的保障;人虎冲突严重;虎生态保护与管理科学研究薄弱等。鉴于此,本文从两个方面提出了虎及其栖息地保护的对策。(1)在栖息地景观保护与恢复方面:推进虎保护区网络的建设,增大其栖息地的受保护面积,形成保护区群;同时构建廊道,使保护区群网络化;建立跨国生态廊道,实现景观水平的保护,并且加大虎猎物种群及其栖息地恢复力度。(2)在虎种群保护与恢复方面:启动虎种群专项调查与常态监测;推进虎的野化放归;设立"老虎生态保护特区";修改完善相关法律法规,探索和完善适应新时期新常态的虎保护模式。 相似文献
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通过概述世界上东北豹的种群数量特征和分布状况,分析了东北豹保护面临的各种威胁和问题,如人类过度干扰、乱砍滥伐、乱捕滥猎、近亲繁殖以及人类的开发建设等活动对栖息地造成的严重破坏,使栖息地呈片段化、破碎化发展趋势,直接威胁东北豹种群的生存和繁衍。中国对东北豹的保护没有足够的重视,还没有建立专门的东北豹自然保护区,而俄罗斯对于东北豹的保护非常重视,不但建立了专门的东北豹自然保护区,还完善了东北豹的各项保护措施。最后,针对上述情况,提出了东北豹栖息地保护、猎物种群恢复、东北豹的重引入、建立东北豹跨界保护区等相应的保护对策。 相似文献
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中国野生东北虎种群恢复工程建设进程国际研讨会在珲春召开 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2002年12月2至3日,经国际野生生物保护学会(WCS)提议,WCS中国项目、吉林省林业厅、黑龙江省林业厅共同主持的“中国野生东北虎种群恢复工程建设进程国际研讨会”在珲春自然保护区管理局召开。国内外有关东北虎野外种群保护方面的专家和各级专业主管部门的领导共33人参加了会议。 会议上重点讨论了建议跨省界、国界的东北虎保护区,东北虎栖息地的保护、生态走廊建设以及野生动物的损害补偿问题,提出了许多建设性的意见和想法。会议决定成立中国野生东北虎保 相似文献
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马来熊是国家Ⅰ级保护动物,其生物学信息缺乏,也缺乏科学的保护和管理对策。本文通过回顾关于马来熊的研究文献,对其研究现状进行总结归纳,并针对种群分布现状提出科学保护和管理对策。关于马来熊的研究主要见于野生种群现状、野外生态及圈养种群的饲养管理等,其中野外生态主要集中于生境选择利用、家域特征、行为节律、食性等,需要进一步深入研究其个体生态学或种群生态学规律。针对马来熊的保护和研究现状,应采取加强立法、推行宣教、提高公众保护意识;加强基础科学研究;建立保护区、缓冲区及森林廊道等以恢复其栖息地等措施来有效保护其野生种群。 相似文献
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我国现存8个马鹿野生亚种:东北亚种Cervus elaphus xanthopygus、天山亚种C.elaphus songaricuss、塔里木亚种C.elaphus yarkandensis、甘肃亚种C.elaphus kansuensis、阿勒泰亚种C.elaphus sibiricus、西藏亚种C.elaphus wallichi、阿拉善亚种C.elaphus alashanmicus,它们的栖息地逐渐减小,仅分布于黑龙江、吉林、新疆、甘肃、宁夏、青海、四川、西藏、内蒙古和河北等地.由于栖息地遭到破坏和非法捕猎等原因造成野生马鹿处于濒危状态,种群数量较小,仅13万头,其野生状况均不乐观.野生马鹿种群对家养种群有着非常重要的价值和意义,野生与家养种群的优缺点互补,可促进家养种群健康发展,并保护、恢复野生种群,二者完全可以优势互补,相互促进. 相似文献
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东北虎野生种群恢复计划国际研讨会在哈尔滨召开 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国野生东北虎种群已处于极度濒危状态。为了探讨中国境内野生东北虎种群保护研究和恢复计划,加强国际组织对中国东北虎保护工作的了解和关注,同时为中俄两国共同探讨东北虎保护工作提供交流机会,由黑龙江省林业厅、国际野生生物保护协会主办,美国鱼和野生生物管理局、犀牛和老虎保护基金会和 相似文献
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东北虎（Panthera tigris altaica）是体型最大的猫科（Felidae）动物之一,是极具代表性的珍稀野生动物。现有研究表明,我国野生东北虎种群遗传多样性较低、近交水平较高。尽管目前我国野生东北虎的数量在逐步增长,但通过人工干预来提高野生东北虎的遗传多样性会更利于其数量的恢复,通过野化放归进行遗传拯救是一种关键策略,但实施遗传拯救之前,必须确定圈养个体与现存野生个体间的遗传关系。采用粪便DNA的高通量测序数据组装了51只横道河子圈养东北虎和13只完达山、老爷岭等地的野生东北虎的线粒体基因组,分析两者之间的关系,评估线粒体基因组的遗传多样性。结果表明：圈养东北虎的遗传多样性高于野生种群,所有遗传变异均为无害。部分圈养个体与野生种群同属一个进化支,且具有野生种群所不包含的遗传变异,可用于实施遗传拯救。此外,圈养种群存在显著的遗传分化,一个与当前野生种群关系很远的分支可能代表未知的地理种群,因此,建议对该远缘分支开展野外来源的追溯,确定其谱系地理学地位和保护价值,使其成为恢复野外历史遗传多样性的后备资源。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献