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1.
以不同种植年限特殊药材根际土壤为材料,采用IlluminaNovaSeq高通量测序法和常规分析方法,分析了种植年限(0 a, 1 a, 4 a, 24 a)对根际土壤化学性质及微生物群落多样性的影响。结果表明：连续种植24 a后,土壤电导率、硝态氮含量显著高于其他种植年限。特殊药材连作对土壤细菌α-多样性指数均无显著影响,但土壤细菌丰富度和多样性减少;连续种植24 a真菌α-多样性指数中ACE指数、Chao1指数显著高于种植1 a,真菌丰富度和多样性增加。细菌群落Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)、Actinobacteria(放线菌门)为优势菌门,Sphingomonas(鞘氨醇单胞菌属)、Xanthomonadaceae(黄单胞菌科)相对丰度随着种植年限增加呈明显上升趋势,未知菌属RB41、Lysobacter(溶杆菌属)相对丰度呈下降趋势。土壤真菌群落Mortierellomycota(被孢霉门)、Ascomycota(子囊菌门)、Basidiomycota(担子菌门)为优势菌门,Mortierella(被孢霉属)相对丰度随种植年限增...  相似文献   

2.
采用长期定位试验,设马铃薯连作1~7 a（CP1~CP7）和轮作（RT）8个处理,通过高通量测序探究不同连作年限对马铃薯根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响。结果表明：供试土壤中,放线菌门、变形菌门、厚壁菌门为主要的优势菌门。随连作年限的增加,土壤细菌数量表现出波动变化趋势,连作年限影响细菌群落结构。RT、CP1、CP2、CP3处理土壤细菌相似度较高,CP4、CP5、CP6、CP7处理土壤细菌相似度较高。马铃薯连作7 a土壤中的放线菌门相对丰度降幅最大,较RT降低10.47%;厚壁菌门相对丰度在连作6 a土壤中显著降低,较RT减少22.07%;类诺卡氏属相对丰度在连作7 a显著减少,较RT减少2.34%;芽孢杆菌属相对丰度在连作6 a时最低,较RT减少9.18%;连作7 a较RT减少5.14%;芽单胞菌属相对丰度在连作7 a土壤中达到最高（16.54%）,较RT增加5.26%。长期连作改变了马铃薯土壤细菌群落结构,连作4 a土壤细菌群落种类开始变化,土壤细菌群落结构也随之改变。土壤中预防病害的菌类减少,增加了马铃薯染病风险。  相似文献   

3.
采集胡麻-小麦轮作更替土壤,分别为第一年胡麻种植土壤(TC1)、第二年小麦轮作土壤(TR)和第三年胡麻种植土壤(TC2),利用高通量测序技术对不同土壤细菌群落进行测定,旨在揭示胡麻-小麦轮作更替对土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明,TC2根际土壤样本细菌OTU数目最多,为1778条,细菌群落丰度指数(Chao指数1700.02和Ace指数1689.03)最低,而细菌群落多样性指数中,shannon指数表现为TC1(6.51)TR(6.42)TC2(6.21),simpson指数表现为TC2(0.0088)TR(0.0049)TC1(0.0030),即随着更替年限而降低。3种不同土壤样本内共获得细菌33门,且优势菌门(相对丰度0.01)均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和绿湾菌门(Chloroflexi)等11个菌门,各优势菌门在各处理中所占的丰度存在差异。随着种植更替,变形菌门(TC1 31.65%, TR 24.52%, TC2 28.53%)和芽单胞菌门(TC1 8.04%, TR 5.41%, TC2 6.01%)丰度先降低再升高,酸杆菌门(TC1 19.36%, TR 26.13%, TC2 11.18%)和绿湾菌门(TC1 9.69%, TR 12.68%, TC2 10.53%)丰度先增加后降低,放线菌门(TC1 12.14%, TR 13.79%, TC2 22.82%)丰度逐渐增加。细菌群落β多样性分析显示,轮作使土壤细菌的群落结构与TC1保持较小差异,而后续胡麻种植使其发生较大变化。通过Tax4Fun法在更替土壤中检测到细胞新陈代谢、遗传信息加工和环境信息处理等基因功能。大部分功能基因在TR的丰度与TC1相近。这些结果说明,小麦轮作能降低土壤细菌多样性和细菌群落结构组成的改变程度,从而利于下茬胡麻的种植。  相似文献   

4.
应用高通量测序技术对宁夏中卫地区不同连作年限硒砂瓜土壤细菌群落结构和多样性进行研究,旨在揭示不同连作年限对硒砂瓜土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:随着连作时间的增加,细菌多样性指数和丰富度指数逐渐增加。从5份不同连作年限硒砂瓜土壤样本中共获得39门、98纲和620属的细菌;优势门为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria);随着连作时间的增加,放线菌门、酸酐菌门丰度先增加后降低,变形菌门丰度逐渐降低,绿弯菌门丰度呈先降低后增加又降低现象;优势纲分别为放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、芽单胞菌纲(Gmmatimonadetes)、杆菌纲(Bacilli)、热原体纲(Themomicrobia)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria);优势目为norank_c_Acidobacteria、芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales)、芽单胞菌目(Gemmatimonadales)、根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)。RDA分析表明,有机质、速效磷是硒砂瓜连作土壤细菌群落组成的主要影响因子。研究表明,引起硒砂瓜连作障碍发生主要因素不是由于土壤理化性质变化引起的,而是随着连作时间的增加,放线菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门等有益微生物丰度下降造成的。  相似文献   

5.
以黄土高原旱作区马铃薯不同连作年限土壤为研究对象,采用空间代替时间序列方法,对撂荒（CK1）、小麦/豌豆/马铃薯轮作（CK2）、连作2 a、连作4 a和连作6 a等不同连作年限的土壤容重、结构分维、总有机碳、酶活性与微生物数量及变化规律进行研究。结果表明：(1）不同处理土壤容重差异显著,连作6 a土壤容重最小;(2）连作可以改变土壤中不同粒级团聚体的比例,各处理中＞4 mm粒径的土壤含量最高;(3）马铃薯长期连作显著降低土壤有机碳含量,连作6 a土壤总有机碳含量较撂荒降低14.27%; (4）马铃薯主要生育期内土壤转化酶、过氧化氢酶变化动态呈“S”型曲线,脲酶呈“M”型变化趋势,3种酶活性与土壤肥力因子均呈极显著正相关,与土壤容重呈极显著负相关;(5）细菌是连作土壤中优势菌,真菌和放线菌也占一定比重;细菌、真菌和放线菌数量在0～10 cm土层显著高于10～20 cm土层;马铃薯长期连作显著降低土壤微生物数量,群落结构随连作年限明显改变。  相似文献   

6.
为探讨轮作小麦对胡麻连作障碍的消减作用,通过田间试验研究了轮作小麦对胡麻株高和产量的影响,并通过测定土壤酶活性和土壤水提液化感作用,探寻消减连作障碍的机制。结果表明:重茬种植胡麻导致连作障碍现象突出,表现为连作3 a时株高、出苗率、千粒重和单株产量分别降低14.0%、7.75%、33.8%和43.2%,而第二年轮作小麦可以消减连作障碍,使下茬胡麻株高和产量保持在胡麻连作1 a水平,分别为69.7 cm和1.43 g·株~(-1)。轮作小麦后土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性分别为2.41 mL·g~(-1)·h~(-1)、2.32 mg·g~(-1)·d~(-1)和9.04 mg·g~(-1)·d~(-1),与连作1 a胡麻地土壤酶活性无显著性差异,但连作将使部分土壤酶活性发生较大变化,表现为连作2a后土壤过氧化氢酶、土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性分别降低至2.16 mL·g~(-1)·h~(-1)、8.18 mg·g~(-1)·d~(-1)和2.01 mg·g~(-1)·d~(-1),表明轮作小麦可通过保持部分土壤酶活性消减连作障碍,从而利于下茬胡麻生长。与胡麻连作相比,轮作小麦使土壤水提液对胡麻种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感自毒作用减弱,并表现出综合化感效应为0.21%的促进作用,使发芽指数(46.0)、发芽势(92.0%)、活力指数(3.36)、根长(8.35 cm)及根重(23.17 mg)等指标与CK和TC1处理下无显著性差异,而连作加剧土壤水提液自毒作用,对胡麻种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用增强,且综合化感效应随连作年限增加分别降低至-8.61%和-17.01%,表明轮作小麦可以通过影响土壤自毒作用消减胡麻连作障碍。综上所述,胡麻重茬种植将导致明显的连作障碍,合理轮作小麦有利于维持胡麻地土壤酶活性、降低土壤自毒作用,从而消减胡麻连作障碍的发生。  相似文献   

7.
种稻年限对盐渍化土壤理化性质和细菌群落多样性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了解盐渍化土壤长期种稻引起土壤微生物和理化性质的变化特征,选取了种植水稻0、1、6、12、21 a的田块,用旱地(种植玉米)土壤作对照,利用Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术解析不同种稻年限土壤细菌群落结构的特征,并分析了土壤理化因子与细菌群落结构的关系。结果表明:变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门是所有样点土壤细菌群落的优势种类,其中,变形菌门占总量的36.39%～53.20%,γ-变形菌纲相对丰度在0 a种稻的土壤中显著高于其他样点(P0.05)。变形菌门相对丰度在种稻1 a的土壤中含量较高,达到45.26%;拟杆菌门的相对丰度在种稻12 a和21 a土壤中较高,分别为20.25%和20.44%;放线菌门相对丰度在0 a土壤中显著高于其他样点(P0.05),为17.90%。在属水平,布赫纳氏菌属是所有样点的优势属。α多样性指数结果显示:种稻12 a的土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度都显著低于其他样点,分别低于对照17.06%、85.73%、82.88%。土壤理化性质测定结果表明:全氮和硝态氮在旱地土壤中含量最高;微生物碳和电导率在种稻12 a的土壤中最低,低于对照101.89%、23.25%;有机碳在21 a种稻土壤中含量最高,高于对照29.03%;pH值在21 a种稻土壤中最低,低于对照组1.05%。Pearson相关性分析表明:微生物量碳和土壤电导率对细菌多样性指数的影响显著。冗余分析结果表明,土壤电导率值、微生物碳和硝态氮是影响盐渍化稻作土壤细菌群落结构的主要因子。研究表明,随着种稻年限的延长土壤细菌群落和理化性质发生显著变化,土壤生境呈明显的改善趋势。  相似文献   

8.
连作对谷子土壤酶活性及养分的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
为探明谷子连作对土壤环境的影响,分析不同连作年限对谷子土壤养分和酶活性的影响,本研究在4a不施肥定位试验的基础上,设置连作2 a(T1)、连作3 a(T2)、连作4 a(T3)和轮作(CK)4个处理,分别测定了土壤养分、土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性及其变化。试验结果表明,与轮作(CK)相比,连作2 a(T1)、连作3 a(T2)和连作4 a(T3)分别减产6.9%、12.7%和35.6%,随着连作年限增加,减产幅度加大;连作土壤氮、磷含量降低,其中速效氮含量降低最为显著(P0.05),速效钾含量变化不显著(P0.05),土壤p H升高。连作条件下,土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性均呈现逐年降低的趋势,且随着连作年限增加,降低越显著,连作4 a(T3)显著低于其它处理(P0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
于2007年以不同连作年限棉田为研究对象，研究分析连作5 a、8 a、12 a年和15 a棉田土壤容重、土壤氮、磷、钾养分及微生物区系的变化规律，以揭示长期连作造成棉田减产的主要因素。研究结果表明：在棉农自主经营管理条件下，棉田土壤容重并未随着连作年限的增加呈现有规律的变化。随着连作年限的增加土壤速效磷、全氮、全钾含量均呈下降趋势，土壤有机质以及土壤速效钾含量则是连作8 a之后随着连作年限的增加呈下降趋势。随着连作年限的增加，棉田土壤微生物总量呈明显的下降趋势，连作8 a、12 a、15 a棉田的土壤微生物总数平均值分别比连作5 a的下降了40.1%、46.7%、52.4%，而且微生物菌群结构也发生了变化，总体表现为细菌和放线菌数量减少，真菌数量增加的发展态势。  相似文献   

10.
黑龙江大豆轮作和连作土壤细菌群落多样性比较   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
为研究大豆轮作和连作对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响,提取黑龙江大豆轮作和连作土壤微生物总DNA,采用细菌通用引物27F和1492R扩增了土壤细菌16S rDNA片段,构建了细菌16S rDNA克隆文库,并对文库中的细菌群落多样性进行了分析。通过16S rDNA序列同源性分析,发现76.5%克隆序列与环境中未培养细菌的16S rDNA序列有较高的相似性,仅有23.5%的克隆序列与GenBank数据库中可培养细菌有较高的相似性,表明黑龙江大豆田土壤中的多数细菌尚未培养。系统发育分析表明黑龙江土壤细菌分属于6大类群,其中变形菌Proteobacteria和酸杆菌Acidobacteria所占比例较大,另有少量厚壁菌Firmicutes、放线菌Actinobacteria、芽单胞菌Gemmatimonadetes和未分类的细菌。大豆轮作土壤细菌多样性更为丰富,并以变形菌为优势细菌类群;而大豆连作土壤细菌多样性有所减少,以酸杆菌为优势细菌类群。表明黑龙江大豆田土壤中细菌多样性十分丰富,其种植方式对土壤细菌群落结构影响较大。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.  相似文献   

14.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

15.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

16.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad  相似文献   

17.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

18.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

19.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

20.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.  相似文献   

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