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1.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉对四季鹅生长性能、体尺、屠宰性能、器官指数和肉质性状的影响。选取健康、体重相近的15日龄四季鹅256只（公母各半）,随机分成4组,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,3个试验组分别添加10%、20%和30%苜蓿草粉。每组4个重复,每个重复16只鹅。饲养至70日龄时,测量其各项体尺指标,每个重复选取4只鹅屠宰取样,测定屠宰性能、器官指数及肉质性质。结果表明：与对照组相比,日粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉对四季鹅的平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、体斜长、龙骨长、胫围、半潜水长、胸宽、胫长、屠宰率、半净膛率、胸肌率等均无显著影响（P>0.05）,添加20%和30%苜蓿草粉显著提高了鹅的胸深（P<0.05）,添加30%苜蓿草粉显著降低了鹅的全净膛率（P<0.05）,添加10%苜蓿草粉显著提高了腿肌率（P<0.05）。此外,与对照组相比,苜蓿草粉组腹脂率均显著降低（P<0.05）,肝脏指数、空肠指数、回肠指数以及盲肠指数均显著提高（P<0.05）,但胸肌、腿肌的滴水损失同时也提高了（P<0.05）;10%、30%苜蓿草粉组十二指肠指数均显著提高P<0.05）。综上所述,在日粮中添加苜蓿草粉可改善四季鹅的屠宰性能（增加胸深、提高腿肌率、降低腹脂率）,提高器官指数（肝脏指数、十二指肠指数、空肠指数、回肠指数以及盲肠指数）,但会提高胸肌和腿肌的滴水损失;且添加过多的苜蓿草粉（30%）还会显著降低全净膛率。综合考虑,四季鹅日粮中以添加10%苜蓿草粉为宜。  相似文献   

2.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary fiber sources on intestine tissue morphology changes of adult Yangzhou geese.Eighteen Yangzhou geese with 25 weeks old were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 geese per group, namely:Rice husk meal group, alfalfa meal group and Chinese wildrye group.At the end of the test, all geese were weighed, slaughtered and intestinal tract were collected to observe intestine tissue morphology.The results showed as follows:① No significant differences were found in the length of the duodenum and jejunum among three groups (P>0.05), ileum length of rice husk meal group was significantly higher than of alfalfa meal and Chinese wildrye groups (P<0.05), but no significant differences were found between alfalfa meal group and Chinese wildrye group (P>0.05).② Duodenal villus height, villus width, crypt depth and muscle thickness of rice husk meal group were significantly higher than that of alfalfa meal group and Chinese wildrye group (P<0.05), where the crypt depth and V/C of Chinese wildrye group were significant different from alfalfa meal group (P<0.05).Jejunum villus height of rice husk meal group and Chinese wildrye group were significantly higher than alfalfa meal group (P<0.05), while crypt depth was significant lower than alfalfa meal group (P<0.05)with no significant differences founding between rice husk meal group and Chinese wildrye group (P>0.05).Muscle thickness of rice husk meal group were significantly higher than alfalfa meal group (P<0.05).Ileac villus height of Chinese wildrye group was significantly higher than the rest groups (P<0.05) and villus width of three groups showed significant differences (P<0.05), rice husk meal group was the biggest.V/C of Chinese wildrye group were significant higher than the other two groups (P<0.05), and muscle thickness of Chinese wildrye group was significantly higher than rice husk meal group and alfalfa group (P<0.05).In conclusion, the different sources of dietary fiber could significantly affect intestinal tissue morphology of adult Yangzhou geese.  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在研究不同纤维源对成年扬州鹅肠道组织形态变化的影响。选用18只健康、体重相近的25周龄扬州鹅公鹅,随机分为3组,即:稻壳粉组、苜蓿草粉组、羊草粉组,每组6只。试验期28 d,试验期末将试验鹅处死并留取各肠段组织,称重并观察肠道组织形态。结果表明:①不同纤维源对十二指肠和空肠长度影响差异不显著(P>0.05),稻壳草粉组回肠长度显著高于苜蓿草粉组与羊草粉组(P<0.05),苜蓿草粉组与羊草粉组差异不显著(P>0.05)。②稻壳粉组十二指肠绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度、肌层厚度均显著高于苜蓿草粉组与羊草粉组(P<0.05),其中苜蓿草粉组隐窝深度、V/C与羊草粉组差异显著(P<0.05);稻壳粉组与羊草粉组空肠绒毛高度显著高于苜蓿草粉组(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著低于苜蓿草粉组(P<0.05),稻壳粉组与羊草粉组间均差异不显著(P>0.05),稻壳粉组肌层厚度显著高于苜蓿草粉组(P<0.05);羊草粉组回肠绒毛高度显著高于苜蓿草粉组与稻壳粉组(P<0.05),3组间绒毛宽度差异显著(P<0.05),且以稻壳粉组最大,羊草粉组V/C显著高于苜蓿草粉组和稻壳粉组(P<0.05),羊草粉组肌层厚度显著低于苜蓿草粉组与稻壳草粉组(P<0.05)。由此可知,不同纤维源可显著影响25周龄扬州鹅肠道组织形态。  相似文献   

4.
为研究日粮纤维源对四川白鹅肉品质、氨基酸含量和营养价值的影响,试验选用28日龄体重相近的四川白鹅120只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只,公母各半,采用地面平养方式,分别饲喂含苜蓿草粉、黑麦草粉、燕麦草粉和花生秧粉日粮,自由采食和饮水,试验期共42 d。结果显示,在日粮近似等氮等能、采食量相等的条件下,日粮纤维源对四川白鹅肉剪切力、肉色、滴水损失率、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量均有显著影响（P<0.05）,苜蓿和花生秧组剪切力均显著低于黑麦和燕麦组（P<0.05）,苜蓿、燕麦和花生秧组滴水损失率均显著低于黑麦组（P<0.05）,燕麦组粗脂肪显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）,而花生秧组显著低于其他3组（P<0.05）,不同纤维源日粮对水分、灰分和粗蛋白质含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）。日粮中添加苜蓿草粉可提高鹅肉保水性,增加其嫩度,同时也可提升鹅肉中鲜味氨基酸含量,建议生产中可在肉鹅日粮中适当添加苜蓿草粉,以提升其肉品质和营养价值。  相似文献   

5.
本试验旨在探究日粮中添加50 mg·kg-1的低聚壳聚糖（chitosan oligosaccharide,COS）替代抗生素对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标、肠道屏障功能和肌肉品质的影响。选取540只1日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸭,分别饲喂基础日粮（对照组,control group）、基础日粮+40 mg·kg-1杆菌肽锌（抗生素组,antibiotic group）以及基础日粮+50 mg·kg-1 COS （COS组,COS group）,试验期42 d。试验结束时,从每个重复中随机选取1只公鸭（接近平均体重）称重,采集血样、肠道与肌肉样品用于血清生化、肠道屏障功能和肌肉品质等指标的测定。试验结果表明：1）与对照组和抗生素组相比,日粮中添加COS显著提高了樱桃谷肉鸭的平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）、脾脏指数和胸腺指数（P<0.05）,但对肉鸭屠宰性能影响不显著（P>0.05）。2）与对照组相比,日粮中添加COS或抗生素显著提高了血清球蛋白（GLB）含量、腿肌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）（P<0.05）以及十二指肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A （sIgA）和免疫球蛋白G （IgG）含量（P<0.05）,降低了血清尿素氮（BUN）含量和A/G值、腿肌丙二醛（MDA）含量和滴水损失（P<0.05）。3）与对照组和抗生素组相比,日粮中添加COS显著提高了空肠和回肠黏膜的免疫球蛋白M （IgM）含量（P<0.05）,显著降低了血清二胺氧化酶（DAO）和脂多糖（LPS）含量（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,日粮中添加COS显著提高了十二指肠黏膜咬合蛋白（OCLN）基因mRNA表达水平和腿肌a*值（P<0.05）,显著降低了血清D-乳酸含量（P<0.05）。此外,抗生素组的空肠黏膜OCLN基因表达水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结果指出：日粮中添加COS提高了樱桃谷肉鸭的生长性能,增强了免疫力,改善了肠道屏障功能和肉品质。COS可以替代抗生素用于樱桃谷肉鸭生产。  相似文献   

6.
【目的】 研究饲粮粗蛋白质水平对26~45日龄竹丝公鸡生长性能、胴体性状和血清生化指标的影响,为此生长阶段粗蛋白质精准供给提供理论基础。【方法】 1 625只26日龄竹丝肉公鸡根据体重一致原则分为5个处理组,每个处理组5个重复,每个重复65只鸡,各处理组饲粮粗蛋白质水平依次为18.5％、19.5％、20.5％、21.5％和22.5％,试验期20 d。每个重复于试验结束当天挑选接近平均体重的2只鸡屠宰,制备血清和分割屠体,测定胴体性状和血清生化指标。【结果】 ①饲粮粗蛋白质水平极显著影响肉鸡终末体重、平均日增重和料重比(P<0.01),随着粗蛋白质水平的升高,终末体重和平均日增重呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.01),料重比呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.01)。饲粮粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡平均日采食量和成活率无显著影响(P>0.05)。②饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著或极显著影响肉鸡屠宰率(P<0.01)、半净膛率(P<0.01)和全净膛率(P<0.05),但对胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率无显著影响(P>0.05),且屠宰率和半净膛率随粗蛋白质水平的升高呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。③饲粮粗蛋白质水平极显著影响肉鸡血清胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)和胆固醇(TC)含量(P<0.01),且TC含量随粗蛋白质水平的升高呈线性降低(P<0.05)。饲粮粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡血清尿素氮(BUN)和甘油三酯(TG)含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】 饲粮21.5％粗蛋白质水平可改善肉鸡生长性能,19.5％~20.5％粗蛋白质水平可改善胴体性状,18.5％粗蛋白质水平可调节脂代谢。根据二次曲线模型估测,建议此生长阶段竹丝鸡饲粮粗蛋白质水平为21.41％~21.83％,可获得最佳生长性能。  相似文献   

7.
本试验旨在探究饲粮中添加不同水平杜仲叶（EUL）粉对绿壳蛋鸡蛋品质、血清生化指标、屠宰性能以及肉质性状的影响。选择体重、产蛋率相近，健康状态良好的产蛋初期绿壳蛋鸡80只，随机分为4组，每组20只。各组分别饲喂添加0（CTL组）、2%（EUL1组）、4%（EUL2组）、6%（EUL3组）杜仲叶粉的玉米-豆粕型饲粮。预试期5 d，正试期70 d。饲喂试验结束后对各组鸡的蛋品质、血清生化指标、屠宰性能以及肉质性状进行测定。结果表明，饲粮中添加杜仲叶粉后，血清中甘油三酯（EUL1、EUL2和EUL3组）、葡萄糖（EUL2和EUL3组）和尿素（EUL2和EUL3组）与CTL组相比极显著降低（P<0.01）；各试验组蛋品质、屠宰性能与CTL组相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）；肝脏重（EUL1和EUL2组）和心脏重（EUL1、EUL2和EUL3组）与CTL组相比极显著降低（P<0.01）；腿肌蛋白（EUL1组）和胸肌脂肪（EUL2组）含量与CTL组相比显著提高（P<0.05）；腿肌pH24 h（EUL2组）与CTL组相比显著提高（P<0.05）；腿肌剪切力（EUL2组）与CTL组相比极显著降低（P<0.01）。说明杜仲叶粉可显著降低血清中甘油三酯、葡萄糖、尿素的水平；不影响蛋品质，但能改善绿壳蛋鸡肌肉品质，提高胸肌脂肪、腿肌蛋白质含量和腿肌嫩度，显著降低鸡的肝脏重和心脏重。本试验中，杜仲叶粉在蛋鸡饲粮中的适宜添加水平为4%。  相似文献   

8.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the threonine requirement for Pekin ducks in low protein diets by determining the effects of threonine on growth performance,carcass traits,and serum parameters.In total,240 1-day-old were randomly allocated to one of five dietary treatments with six replicate cages with eight duck for each treatment according to average body weight.They were fed low protein diets (17.65%) with 0.41%,0.48%,0.55%,0.62% or 0.69% threonine from 1 to 21 days of age,respectively.The results showed that threonine supplementation in low protein diets improved body weight,weight gain,feed intake,and breast muscle percentage,and reduced the ratio of feed to gain (P<0.01).Threonine supplementation in low protein diets had no influence on thigh muscle percentage,and the activity of ALT and AST,and the contents of TP,ALB,GLB and GLU in serum (P>0.05),but reduced the contents of CHO,TG,HDLC and LDLC in serum (P<0.05).The evaluated threonine requirement in low protein diets based on linear broken-line regression with weight,weight gain,feed intake,ratio of feed to gain,and breast muscle percentage were 0.594%,0.594%,0.595%,0.513% and 0.607%,respectively.In summary,the optimal dietary threonine levels would be 0.607% for Pekin ducks fed low protein diets from 1 to 21 days of age.Although which failed to support equal growth performance to that of high protein diets,it was possible to reduce nitrogen emissions.  相似文献   

9.
本试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,通过测定不同日粮苏氨酸水平对1~21日龄北京鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和血浆生化指标的影响,研究低蛋白质日粮北京鸭苏氨酸需要量。240只1日龄雄性北京鸭按体重随机分为5个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复8只北京鸭,分别饲喂苏氨酸水平为0.41%、0.48%、0.55%、0.62%和0.69%的低蛋白质（17.65%）日粮,试验期为1~21日龄。结果表明,低蛋白质日粮中添加苏氨酸可以提高北京鸭体重、日增重、采食量和胸肌率（P<0.01）,降低料重比（P<0.01）。低蛋白质日粮中添加苏氨酸对北京鸭腿肌率,血浆ALT和AST活性,以及TP、ALB、GLB和GLU含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）,但是降低了血浆CHO、TG、HDLC和LDLC含量（P<0.05）。用直线-断线回归模型以体重、日增重、采食量、料重比和胸肌率为指标,拟合1~21日龄北京鸭苏氨酸需要量分别为0.594%、0.594%、0.595%、0.513%和0.607%。综合试验结果,当日粮蛋白质水平为17.65%时,1~21日龄北京鸭苏氨酸需要量为0.607%,此时,虽不能满足北京鸭的最大生长性能,但可以降低氮排放。  相似文献   

10.
试验旨在研究在日粮中添加枸杞渣和甘草混合添加剂（LWRMA）对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响。将240只健康的1日龄良凤花黄羽肉鸡（公母各半）按体重相近的原则随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组（CS）饲喂在基础日粮中添加45 mg/kg金霉素的日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加1%、2%、4% LWRMA的日粮。试验期为56 d。结果显示：①与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组的平均日采食量（ADFI）显著提高（P<0.05）;平均日采食量与LWRMA添加量在多个试验阶段（1~14、29~41、42~56、1~28、29~56、1~56 d）都呈显著线性效应（P<0.05）;各组间平均日增重（ADG）和料重比（F/G）均无显著差异（P>0.05）。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组的胸肌率显著提高（P<0.05）;胸肌率与LWRMA添加量存在显著线性效应（P<0.05）;试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胸肌和腿肌的黄度（b*）极显著提高（P<0.01）,试验Ⅲ组的腿肌剪切力显著降低（P<0.05）;肌肉黄度、胸肌的红度（a*）及系水力、腿肌剪切力均与LWRMA添加量存在显著的线性效应（P<0.05）,平均肌纤维横截面积和平均肌纤维密度均与LWRMA添加量呈显著线性效应（P<0.05）。③LWRMA添加水平对各组胸肌T-AOC、CAT、SOD和GSH-Px活性没有显著影响（P>0.05）。综上所述,黄羽肉鸡日粮中添加4% LWRMA不仅在生产性能及肌肉抗氧化性能方面可获得与添加金霉素同样的效果,而且可改善肉品质。  相似文献   

11.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary type and crude protein level on production performance and carcass traits of Sichuan mountain Black-bone chicken.The experimental design was a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two dietary types (corn-soybean meal and corn-soybean meal-yeast protein) and two crude protein levels (16.5% and 14.5%).Four hundred and eighty 23-week-old Sichuan mountain Black-bone chicken were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 30 chickens in each replicate.The pre-test period lasted for 14 days and the trial period lasted for 120 days.The results showed that the production performance of Sichuan mountain Black-bone chicken was not significantly affected by dietary type (P>0.05),while the average egg weight of dietary crude protein level 16.5% was significantly higher than that of dietary crude protein level 14.5% (P<0.05).It was also demonstrated the average egg weight was significantly affected by the interaction of dietary type and crude protein level (P<0.05),but laying rate,daily egg production,daily feed intake and feed/egg were not significantly affected (P>0.05).However,the carcass traits of Sichuan mountain Black-bone chicken was not significantly affected by dietary type and crude protein level or the interaction of the two factors (P>0.05),although dressing percentage,percentage of eviscerated yield,percentage of half-eviscerated yield,percentage of breast muscle and percentage of leg muscle of the dietary type of corn-soybean meal-yeast protein (crude protein level 16.5%) displayed better value.These results indicated that the average egg weight of Sichuan mountain Black-bone chicken was affected by dietary crude protein level greatly.The dietary type of corn-soybean meal-yeast protein (crude protein level 16.5%) was better for Sichuan mountain Black-bone chicken by comprehensive evaluation of production performance and carcass traits.  相似文献   

12.
张纯  晏家友  唐凌  邝声耀 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(10):2681-2687
试验旨在研究不同日粮类型和粗蛋白质水平对四川山地乌骨鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响。采用2×2因子设计,设2种日粮类型(玉米—豆粕型和玉米—豆粕—酵母蛋白型)和2个粗蛋白质水平(16.5%和14.5%)。选用23周龄的四川山地乌骨鸡480只,设4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复30只鸡。预试期14 d,正试期120 d。结果表明,日粮类型对四川山地乌骨鸡的生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05),日粮16.5%粗蛋白质水平组平均蛋重显著高于14.5%粗蛋白质水平组(P<0.05)。日粮类型与粗蛋白质水平互作可显著影响平均蛋重(P<0.05),但对产蛋率、日产蛋量、日采食量和料蛋比均无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮类型、粗蛋白质水平及日粮类型与粗蛋白质水平互作对四川山地乌骨鸡的屠宰性能均无显著影响(P>0.05),其中玉米—豆粕—酵母蛋白型(粗蛋白质16.5%)日粮组屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率最佳。结果提示,四川山地乌骨鸡的平均蛋重受日粮粗蛋白质水平影响较大;饲喂粗蛋白质水平为16.5%的玉米—豆粕—酵母蛋白型日粮可获得较好的生产性能和屠宰性能。  相似文献   

13.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal replaced by brewer's grain (BSG) or fermented brewer's grain (FBSG) on growth performance,immune organ index and intestinal flora of meat geese.A total of 250 geese at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate.The geese in control group were fed a basal diet (with soybean);The geese in groups 1 and 2 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% BSG replacing the soybean,respectively;The geese in groups 3 and 4 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% FBSG replacing the soybean,respectively.The whole experiment period was 42 days,including three phases:15 d (early stage),14 d (middle stage) and 14 d (later stage).The results showed as follows:①From the whole experiment period,compared with control group,the ADG of geese in group 1 was significantly increased (P<0.05),the ADG and ADFI of geese in group 4 were significantly decreased (P<0.05),there were no obvious change in growth performance of geese in groups 2 and 3 (P>0.05).② Compared with control group,the thymus index and spleen index of geese in groups 1,2 and 3 were extremely significantly increased at early stage (P<0.01);At middle and later stages,the spleen index of geese in group 2 were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01);There were no significant differences in bursa of fabricius index of geese among all groups (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cecum in groups 1 and 2 were extremely significantly decreased at early and later stages (P<0.01),while the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were increased in different degrees;the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in cecum in groups 3 and 4 were extremely significantly increased at later stage (P<0.01).In conclusion,10% BSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could improve the growth performance and intestinal flora of meat geese;10% FBSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria of meat geese,but had no effect on growth performance;While 20% replacing soybean in the basal diet could decrease the feed intake and weight gain of meat geese,hinder its growth and development.  相似文献   

14.
本研究旨在探究3种不同添加剂对91~115日龄清远麻鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、肌肉品质、肌肉感官评定及风味物质含量的影响。试验采用单因素随机分组设计,选用1 200只91日龄清远麻鸡母鸡分为4个组,每组10个重复,每个重复30只鸡,饲养周期25 d。对照组饲喂基础饲粮（CON）,3个处理组分别在基础饲粮中添加纳米铜复配预混剂（NC）、灵芝孢子粉复配预混剂（GLS）和大豆异黄酮预混剂（SI）。试验结束后,采集试验鸡血浆、空肠黏膜及胸肌样品,测定血液与空肠的抗氧化能力、胸肌肉质性状及风味物质含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,①3种添加剂对91~115日龄清远麻鸡的生长性能及胴体性状均无显著影响（P>0.05）;②3种添加剂组试验鸡胸肌亮度（L*）值显著降低（P<0.05）、pH显著提高（P<0.05）,GLS组胸肌滴水损失显著降低（P<0.05）;③使用蒸的方式烹饪时,SI组肌肉的色泽与外形评分显著提高（P<0.05）,GLS组肌肉在蒸和煮的烹饪方式下多汁度均显著提高（P<0.05）;④NC与SI组试验鸡肌肉中肌苷酸与谷氨酸含量显著提高（P<0.05）,SI组肌内脂肪含量也显著提高（P<0.05）;⑤NC组试验鸡血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-Px）活性及SI组试验鸡空肠GSH-Px活性均显著提高（P<0.05）,GLS组试验鸡空肠丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。综上,在本试验条件下,3种添加剂对91~115日龄清远麻鸡生长性能与胴体品质没有显著影响,但可提高肉鸡抗氧化能力,改善其肉品质,提高肌肉感官特性,其中NC与SI可增加肉中风味物质含量,效果更优。  相似文献   

15.
本试验旨在研究啤酒糟、发酵啤酒糟替代豆粕对肉鹅生长性能、免疫器官指数及肠道菌群的影响。选取250只28日龄健康皖西肉鹅,根据体重相近原则随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鹅,对照组饲喂不含任何杂粕类饲料的基础日粮;试验1、2组分别饲喂用10%、20%风干啤酒糟替代基础日粮中豆粕的试验日粮;试验3、4组分别饲喂用10%、20%风干发酵啤酒糟替代基础日粮中豆粕的试验日粮,添加量以基础日粮干物质为基础。试验期43 d,分为早期(28~42日龄)、中期(43~56日龄)、后期(57~70日龄)3个阶段。结果表明:①从整个试验期来看,与对照组相比,试验1组肉鹅平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),试验4组肉鹅平均日增重和平均采食量显著降低(P<0.05),试验2、3组肉鹅生长性能未发生明显改变(P>0.05)。②与对照组相比,试验1、2、3组肉鹅胸腺指数和脾脏指数在试验早期均极显著提高(P<0.01);在试验中期和后期,仅试验2组肉鹅脾脏指数显著或极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01);各组间肉鹅法氏囊指数差异均不显著(P>0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验1、2组肉鹅盲肠中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量在试验早期和后期极显著降低(P<0.01),同时双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量不同程度地增加;试验3、4组双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量在试验后期极显著升高(P<0.01)。综上所述,10%啤酒糟替代日粮中豆粕时可提高其生长性能,改善肉鹅肠道菌群;10%发酵啤酒糟替代豆粕时可促进肠道有益菌的生长,但不影响其生长性能,而20%替代豆粕时则会降低肉鹅采食量和增重,阻碍其生长发育。  相似文献   

16.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MSTN and MyoG genes on goose skeletal muscle growth.In this study,MSTN and MyoG genes expression were detected in breast and leg muscle of Zi and Rhine goose by Real-time PCR,and the correlations between genes expression levels and carcass traits were investigated.The results showed that the breast muscle weight and breast muscle rate of Rhine goose were extremely significant higher than Zi goose (P<0.01).MSTN and MyoG mRNA expression in breast muscle of Zi goose were significantly higher than that of Rhine goose,and the mRNA level of MSTN in leg muscle of Rhine was extremely significant higher than that of Zi goose (P<0.01),there was no significant difference of MyoG mRNA between Zi goose and Rhine goose (P>0.05).There was extremely significant difference between MSTN mRNA expression in breast muscle and leg muscle of Zi goose (P<0.01).MSTN mRNA expression in leg muscle was significantly higher than that of breast muscle of Rhine goose (P<0.05).There was extremely significant difference between MyoG mRNA expression in breast muscle and leg muscle of Zi goose and Rhine goose (P<0.01).There was a extremely significant negative correlation between MSTN mRNA expression in breast muscle with body weight,breast muscle weight and breast muscle percentage (P<0.01).There was a extremely significant positive correlation between MyoG mRNA expression in breast muscle and leg muscle with body weight (P<0.01).MSTN and MyoG gene might have positive and negative regulation effect on muscle growth.  相似文献   

17.
本研究旨在探讨肌肉生成抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)和肌细胞生成素(myogenin,MyoG)基因对鹅骨骼肌生长发育的影响。试验以莱茵鹅和籽鹅为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法测定MSTN、MyoG基因在籽鹅和莱茵鹅胸肌、腿肌中的差异表达情况,运用统计软件对基因表达情况与屠宰性状间的相关性进行分析。结果显示,莱茵鹅胸肌重和胸肌率极显著高于籽鹅(P<0.01),籽鹅胸肌MSTN、MyoG mRNA表达量极显著高于莱茵鹅(P<0.01);在腿肌中,籽鹅MSTN mRNA表达量极显著低于莱茵鹅(P<0.01),籽鹅与莱茵鹅MyoG mRNA表达量间无显著差异(P>0.05)。同一品种MSTN mRNA表达水平也存在差异,在籽鹅胸肌和腿肌中表达量存在极显著差异(P<0.01);在莱茵鹅胸肌和腿肌中表达量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。就MyoG mRNA而言,在籽鹅和莱茵鹅胸肌和腿肌中表达量存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。MSTN基因表达与屠宰性能相关性分析表明,胸肌中MSTN mRNA表达量与活重、胸肌重和胸肌率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);胸肌和腿肌中MyoG mRNA表达量与活重呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。说明MSTN和MyoG基因可能对肌肉生长分别起正负调控作用。  相似文献   

18.
试验旨在研究棉粕经热带假丝酵母菌发酵后得到的发酵棉粕对白羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、营养物质表观消化率和脂肪沉积的影响。试验选取180羽1日龄科宝白羽肉鸡,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽鸡。对照组饲喂不加菌发酵棉粕（CSM）,两个试验组分别饲喂热带假丝酵母菌发酵棉粕（FCSM）、CSM+热带假丝酵母菌（CT-USCM,活菌量同FCSM）。21日龄试验结束。结果表明：①FCSM组肉鸡末重、平均日增重均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,FCSM和CT-USCM组肉鸡的料重比显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;②CT-USCM组肝重率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,FCSM和CT-USCM组的腹脂率和皮下脂肪厚度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;③FCSM和CT-USCM组肉鸡干物质和粗蛋白质表观消化率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,粗脂肪和粗灰分表观消化率在各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;④FCSM和CT-USCM组肉鸡血糖（Glu）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）浓度均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;⑤FCSM和CT-USCM组肉鸡肝脏和腹脂中激素敏感酯酶（HSL）活性和生长激素（GH）水平均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,两组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;FCSM组肝脏和腹脂中乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）和苹果酸酶（ME）活性均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,而肝脏中脂蛋白酯酶（LPL）活性均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,腹脂中脂肪酸合成酶（ME）活性显著低于其他两组（P<0.05）。综上所述,在日粮中添加FCSM和热带假丝酵母菌均能不同程度地促进肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能,提高营养物质表观消化率,同时还能通过影响脂肪代谢相关酶活和激素参与肉鸡脂肪合成和分解,降低肉鸡腹脂率和皮下脂肪厚度。  相似文献   

19.
【目的】通过研究饲粮苏氨酸水平对22~42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胴体品质和免疫功能的影响,确定其苏氨酸需要量。【方法】试验选用22日龄快大型岭南黄羽肉鸡1 600只,根据体重相同的原则分为5个组,每组8个重复,每个重复40只肉鸡（公母各半）。采用玉米-花生粕型基础饲粮,5个处理组试验鸡分别饲喂含0.60%（基础饲粮）、0.67%、0.74%、0.81%和0.88%苏氨酸饲粮,试验期为21 d。试验结束后,每个重复选取2只鸡屠宰采样,测定屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标。【结果】饲粮苏氨酸水平显著影响黄羽肉公鸡、母鸡的体重、平均日增重和料重比（P<0.05）。对于母鸡,0.88%苏氨酸水平组平均日增重最高;0.81%苏氨酸水平组平均日采食量最高。对于公鸡,0.81%苏氨酸水平组平均日增重最高;0.81%苏氨酸水平组平均日采食量最高。饲粮苏氨酸水平与黄羽肉公鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量以及公、母鸡料重比呈显著的二次线性相关（P<0.05）;根据平均日增重和平均日采食量回归方程得出黄羽肉公鸡饲粮苏氨酸最适水平分别为0.81%和0.83%;根据料重比回归方程得出黄羽肉母鸡和公鸡饲粮苏氨酸最适水平分别为0.83%和0.86%。饲粮苏氨酸水平对黄羽肉公鸡、母鸡的全净膛率、半净膛率、腿肌率、胸肌率均无显著影响（P>0.05）;对黄羽肉公鸡全净膛率和腹脂率均有显著影响,其中0.81%苏氨酸组全净膛率显著高于0.60%和0.74%苏氨酸组,0.88%苏氨酸组腹脂率显著低于0.60%和0.67%苏氨酸组（P<0.05）。饲粮苏氨酸水平显著影响黄羽肉母鸡法氏囊指数和胸腺指数,其中0.60%苏氨酸组法氏囊指数显著低于0.81%苏氨酸组,0.81%和0.88%苏氨酸组胸腺指数显著高于0.60%苏氨酸组（P<0.05）;对肝脏指数、脾脏指数无显著影响（P>0.05）。饲粮苏氨酸水平对黄羽肉母鸡血清中甘油三酯、胰岛素含量有显著影响,其中0.60%苏氨酸水平组血清中胰岛素含量最低,0.88%苏氨酸水平组血清中甘油三酯含量最低,显著低于0.60%苏氨酸组（P<0.05）;苏氨酸水平对黄羽肉公鸡甘油三酯含量有显著影响,其中0.88%苏氨酸水平组血清中甘油三酯含量最低,显著低于0.60%和0.67%苏氨酸组（P<0.05）。【结论】饲粮中添加适量苏氨酸可以提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胴体品质,促进免疫器官发育。以生长性能为主要判定指标,确定22~42日龄黄羽肉母鸡饲粮最适苏氨酸水平为0.83%,黄羽肉公鸡最适苏氨酸水平为0.81%。  相似文献   

20.
旨在研究早期热应激对肉仔鸡后期生长发育及骨骼肌中相关信号通路基因表达的影响。本研究选取健康、体重相近的刚出壳AA肉仔鸡192只（公母各半）,随机分成2组（每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡）,饲喂至3日龄时,分别给予36℃热应激处理24 h （热应激组）和正常温度（33℃）饲喂（对照组）。42日龄时每个处理选取8只鸡采取血浆,屠宰后测定胴体性能,分离胸肌样品测定骨骼肌发育有关的基因表达。结果表明,热应激当天肉仔鸡增重显著降低,但整个饲养期肉仔鸡的平均日增重显著增加（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,早期热应激有提高整个饲养期肉仔鸡平均日采食量的趋势（0<P<0.1）。早期热应激对肉仔鸡的屠宰率、半净膛重、全净膛重、肝比重、心比重、胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率都无显著影响（P>0.05）。早期热应激显著升高了42日龄肉仔鸡血浆酮体含量（P<0.05）。在胸肌中,早期热应激显著提高了胰岛素样生长因子（IGF-1）及其受体（IGF-1R）的基因表达（P<0.05）。本试验结果提示,早期热应激促进了肉仔鸡后期的生长发育,骨骼肌中IGF-1信号可能参与此调节过程。  相似文献   

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