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《畜牧与兽医》2016,(7):132-135
NS1蛋白不存在于病毒粒子中,但在感染A型流感病毒的细胞中表达量很高,因此,人们普遍认为NS1蛋白是A型流感病毒的非结构蛋白。NS1蛋白是一种相对较小的多肽,在抗病毒作用中能够选择性地增强病毒mRNA的翻译,并且可以调节病毒RNA的合成;在流感病毒感染的先天性免疫应答中,NS1是主要的病毒拮抗剂,通过在IFN系统中阻止关键因子的激活发挥作用;在调整PI3K信号通路中NS1通过显著性的影响总体的基因表达来破坏宿主细胞的内环境稳定,从而影响细胞凋亡。因此,NS1蛋白在克服机体阻挡病毒感染的第一道防线中的作用至关重要,是影响流感病毒致病机理和适应宿主的一个重要毒力因子。本文对NS1蛋白的结构及功能进行了概述。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2016,(3):464-468
单核细胞诱导蛋白1(monocyte chemotactic induced protein1,MCPIP1)是近年来发现的一种重要的免疫应答负向调控蛋白。为了研究MCPIP1对A型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)感染诱导的宿主抗病毒免疫应答的调控作用,我们首先证实了IAV感染A549细胞内MCPIP1的表达量显著上调。随后,在A549细胞中进行MCPIP1的过表达和表达抑制后利用Western blot方法检测了其对IAV感染诱导的细胞内NF-κB信号通路活化的影响。结果表明,过表达MCPIP1抑制了病毒诱导的NF-κB的活化,反之,抑制内源性MCPIP1的表达时则明显促进了NF-κB的激活。进一步研究发现MCPIP1可抑制NF-κB信号通路下游宿主抗病毒和促炎因子的表达,如TNF-α、IFN-β、IL-1β、IL-6等。由此推测,IAV可以通过诱导宿主MCPIP1的表达以抑制机体的抗病毒免疫应答。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医学报》2016,(10)
冷诱导RNA结合蛋白(CIRP)是NF-κB和ERK信号通路的上游调控因子,而这两条信号通路是甲型流感病毒复制和机体起始免疫所必需的,为探讨CIRP对H1N1甲型流感病毒复制的影响及可能的分子机制,构建了CIRP过表达BHK-21细胞系(Cirp+BHK-21),用Western blot检测NF-кB和ERK1/2的磷酸化水平,研究CIRP对NF-кB和ERK1/2的调节作用;用Real-time RT-PCR检测H1N1甲型流感病毒感染后Cirp+BHK-21和对照细胞中病毒拷贝数的动态变化,以及在特异性阻断剂PDTC阻断NF-кB通路的Cirp+BHK-21细胞中病毒拷贝数的动态变化。Western blot检测结果显示:过表达CIRP显著促进了BHK-21细胞中NF-κB的磷酸化水平(P0.05),而对ERK1/2的磷酸化水平无显著影响;病毒定量检测结果显示:过表达CIRP能显著促进H1N1甲型流感病毒的增殖,感染后3、9、15、21h病毒在Cirp+BHK-21细胞中的拷贝数分别为对照组的111%、103%、167%和235%(P0.05);阻断NF-κB信号通路后病毒的拷贝数显著下降,在感染后3、9、15、21h分别为未阻断组的98%、42%、19%(P0.05)和7%(P0.05)。从本研究结果可见,CIRP可通过活化NF-κB信号通路促进H1N1甲型流感病毒的复制。 相似文献
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核转录因子κB(NF-κB)在调节细胞免疫功能及细胞增殖和存活方面均发挥着重要的作用。本研究采用高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(HP-PRRSV)GD08-1株和经典株PRRSV GD-XH分别感染Marc-145细胞,于感染后不同时间提取胞浆蛋白和核蛋白,通过电泳迁移率(EMSA)检测NF-κB与DNA结合活性及western blot检测胞浆蛋白中NF-κB及其抑制因子(IκB)的表达情况。HP-PRRSV株和PRRSV经典株感染Marc-145核蛋白的EMSA结果中均出现NF-κB与DNA探针的结合条带;western blot结果表明,HP-PRRSV株和PRRSV经典株感染Marc-145细胞并未引起NF-κB表达量的变化,但两者均引起了IκB表达水平的下降,由此推测,HP-PRRSV株和经典PRRSV株感染均能够刺激Marc-145细胞NF-κB活化入核内,PRRSV感染Marc-145细胞引起的NF-κB的活化是通过IκB的降解来实现的。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2021,(3)
正蛋白质翻译后修饰在调控蛋白活性、细胞内定位和稳定性中发挥重要作用。苏素化是一种重要的真核细胞蛋白翻译后修饰机制,广泛参与病毒蛋白功能的调控。A型流感病毒(以下简称流感病毒)蛋白同样是苏素化修饰的靶标。截至目前,3种流感病毒蛋白,即非结构蛋白1(NS1)、基质蛋白1(M1)和核蛋白(NP),已确定为苏素化修饰的底物。其中,NS1是第一个被鉴定的发生苏素化修饰的流感病毒蛋白,其苏素化可以增强蛋白的稳定性,促进体外培养细胞中病毒的增殖。此外, 相似文献
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为了探究猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus, PPV)非结构蛋白NS1介导炎症反应的情况,将PPV NS1重组质粒转染至PK-15细胞,应用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹技术分别检测炎性因子IL-6/TNF-α的表达和NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白的激活。结果显示,PPV NS1极显著诱导IL-6和TNF-αmRNA的表达(P<0.01)。PPV NS1可显著促进IκBα的降解、p65的磷酸化来激活NF-κB信号通路(0.01相似文献
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口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触传染性动物疫病.口蹄疫病毒有多种机制对抗宿主的先天性免疫应答,在这个过程中病毒的前导蛋白酶(Lpro)发挥了关键作用.Lpro可切断宿主细胞帽子依赖性的蛋白翻译,抑制干扰素蛋白的合成;Lpro通过破坏核转录因子-κB (NF-κB)的完整性或减少干扰素调节因子3/7(IRF3/7)的表达,从而抑制IFN mRNA的产生;Lpro还会参与维甲酸诱导基因Ⅰ(RIG-Ⅰ)、TANK结合激酶1(TBK1)、TNF受体相关因子3(TRAF3)和TRAF6的去泛素化,从而影响Ⅰ型干扰素信号通路的活化. 相似文献
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《中国饲料》2017,(10)
利用体外试验研究鱼腥草是否对第二型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-2)感染具有抑制作用,并进一步探讨其抑制单纯疱疹病毒的效用与机制。结果表明:利用溶斑减少试验发现,鱼腥草初萃取物可抑制HSV-1、HSV-2及阿昔洛韦抗药性HSV-1(HSV-AR)。将鱼腥草初萃取物依据分子量分成1000 Da以下、1000~3000 Da、3000 Da以上三部分,发现三部分皆具有抗病毒的成分,其中以1000 Da以下的部分抑制效果最好。分析六种鱼腥草成分作用发现,B、E及F具有抗HSV活性。其中B可以同时抑制病毒进入细胞以及NF-κB活化。可见,鱼腥草可直接和病毒颗粒作用而抑制病毒进入细胞。在病毒进入细胞后,鱼腥草通过抑制细胞NF-κB活化而减少NF-κB结合至HSV的ICP0基因启动子而抑制HSV复制。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献