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<正>近年来,鸡肉产量的快速提升使鸡肉出现一种常见且越来越明显的缺陷—白纹（White Striping,WS）。这种白纹肌肌病对肌肉品质产生了不利影响,如肉色苍白、肉质变硬、口感变差及营养物质改变等。这些不利影响了肉鸡的生产效益和经济效益。因此,笔者总结了鸡白纹肌肌病对肉品质的影响,以期为后续减少白纹肌肌病对肉品质的影响提供了研究方向和科学依据。 相似文献
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近年来，快大型白羽肉鸡木质肉（woody/wooden breast，WB）和白条纹肉（white striping， WS）等异质肉发生率不断提高，严重影响了鸡肉品质和肉鸡生产效率，受到业界的广泛关注。WS是指肌肉表面出现平行于肌纤维的白色脂肪沉积条纹，WB主要表现为胸肉明显硬化，WS和WB组织病理学特征类似，常常共同出现。这两种肌肉缺陷严重影响了鸡胸肉的外观、营养价值以及加工特性，降低了消费者的购买意愿，造成了巨大的经济损失。目前，国外学者对WS和WB研究较多，国内报道很少。本文综述了WS和WB的病理学特征、对肉品质的影响、发生的影响因素和可能的形成机理，为未来进一步解析WS和WB形成机制，探究综合解决方案提供科学参考。 相似文献
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肉仔鸡最佳出场时间的确定汤菊英（甘肃省畜牧技术推广总站兰州７３００３０）鸡肉作为一种优质的肉食品，在人们肉食结构中占有重要地位。随着鸡肉经济比重的增加，刺激了肉鸡业的发展。目前，肉仔鸡饲养已在很多地区形成规模，成为禽业生产的重要组成部分。饲养者要获得... 相似文献
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河南斗鸡与艾维茵肉鸡杂交一代的产肉性能测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河南斗鸡与艾维茵肉鸡杂交一代的产肉性能测定徐廷生，雷雪芹，武大椿，肖青苗，贡银现（河南省洛阳农业高等专科学校４７１００３）近几十年来，向用仔鸡业生产发展迅速，在国外市场，肉用仔鸡供应十分充裕，鸡肉已成为最为廉价的肉品。但由于这种肉鸡的肉质差、骨大而硬... 相似文献
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现阶段随着社会的不断发展,人们的饮食需求变得复杂多样,而鸡肉因为肉质鲜美而深受喜爱,所以,肉种鸡的养殖也逐渐增多。肉种鸡是用来繁殖商品代肉鸡的父母代鸡群,通常情况下可以分为白羽肉种和黄羽肉种这两种鸡群。而对于鸡群来说,最大的威胁来自于疫病,对肉种鸡的疫病做好防控有利于人们的健康安全。 相似文献
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坏疽性皮炎是一种急性、以皮肤发红、肿胀、渗出性炎症为主要特征的传染病，常常造成肉鸡和肉种鸡的淘汰和散发性持续死亡，给肉种鸡养殖业带来一定的经济损失。 相似文献
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【目的】试验旨在探究胍基乙酸(guanidinoacetic acid, GAA)对肉鸡肉品质和腹脂沉积的影响。【方法】选取1日龄科宝肉仔鸡90只,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只鸡。试验Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1.2和3.6 g/kg GAA。饲养周期为42 d。于42日龄采集胸肌、腿肌、肝脏、腹部脂肪及血液样品,测定肉品质、肌肉病及腹脂沉积相关指标。【结果】与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胸肌和腿肌pH45 min极显著或显著增加(P<0.01;P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组胸肌肉色b*值、腿肌肉色a*值和失水率均极显著增加(P<0.01),腿肌肉色L*值、木质肉与白纹肉发生率均显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组木质肉发生率显著升高(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组腹脂率、腹脂细胞直径均显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05),血清甘油三酯(TG)水平显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。【结论】饲粮中添加1.2 g/kg GAA能... 相似文献
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提高肉鸡肉产品质量的饲料添加剂 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
薛艳丽 《兽药与饲料添加剂》2007,12(4):33-34
随着集约化肉鸡生产的发展,利用科学饲养管理,肉仔鸡的生长速度不断加快,产肉率亦有所提高。但集约化饲养的肉鸡在胴体色泽、瘦肉率、肉的鲜嫩度、味道及适口性等指标上,均差于自然状态下饲养的肉鸡。为使集约化饲养的肉鸡肉产品能接近或高于自然状态散养的肉鸡肉产品的品质,畜牧工作者制定了科学的肉鸡饲料配方,还不断开发应用有关饲料添加剂。现概述如下。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同种类油脂对麻黄肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取42日龄的雄性麻黄肉鸡240只，随机分为3个处理，每个处理8个重复，每个重复10只鸡，按照日粮油脂种类来源分为大豆油组、猪油组、鸡油组，试验期42 d。结果表明：饲喂不同油脂对43～84日龄麻黄肉鸡的生长性能无显著影响；与猪油组相比，鸡油组肉鸡全净膛率提高(P<0.05)，腹脂率有降低趋势(P=0.062)；猪油组肉鸡胸肌pH24 h低于大豆油和鸡油组肉鸡(P<0.05)；与猪油组相比，饲喂鸡油降低了84日龄肉鸡腿肌pH24h(P<0.05)；与鸡油组相比，猪油组肉鸡腿肌屠宰后45 min肉色L*值有提高趋势(P=0.091)，大豆油组24 h肉色L*值均提高(P<0.05)；不同油脂对肉鸡腿肌剪切力、滴水损失、蒸煮损失未见显著影响；猪油组、鸡油组的毛利润较大豆油组分别提高6.48%和16.55%。由此可见，使用大豆油、猪油、鸡油饲喂42～84日龄麻黄肉鸡，对肉鸡生长性能无显著影响；使用大豆油的肉鸡肉品质最佳；使用猪油能节约饲养成本，但对肉品质有负面影响；使用鸡油能提高肉鸡屠宰性能降低腹脂沉... 相似文献
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Recently, wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS), the newly reported myopathies attracted wide attention of global poultry industry for their increasing incidences and negative effects on meat quality and broiler performance.WS is characterized by the occurrence of white fat striations parallel to muscle fibers, while WB is mainly featured with obvious hardening of breast meat fillets. These two myopathies share similar histological lesions and often appear together. They can adversely affect breast fillet’s appearance, nutrition value, ability for further processes and consumption intention, which result in huge economic loss to the industry. In recent years,most of the studies on WS and WB were reported by international research groups, few by Chinese research teams.In this review,we summarized the research progress of WS and WB from the aspect of pathological features,impacts on meat quality and nutrition value, the underlying causes and possible detailed mechanism in order to provide reference and theoretical basis for future studies. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(4):754-758
Several types of muscle abnormalities are present in the poultry industry as a result of genetic selection, leading to decreased quality of meat and consequent economic loss. The appearance of thin (moderate) to thick (severe) white striping (WS) striations parallel to muscle fibers on the surface of broiler breast fillets is one of the most troubling issues in the poultry industry. White striping also has unfavorable implications on visual acceptance, nutritional value, and processing traits of breast meat. The aim of this survey was to assess the influence of market class (medium and heavy birds) and genotype (standard- and high-breast yield hybrids) on the incidence of WS in broiler chickens raised under commercial conditions in Italy. The incidence of WS for both medium and heavy broilers was high (43.0%), with 6.2% of samples considered severe. Heavy flocks had significantly higher percentages of both moderate (46.9 vs. 25.8%;P ≤ 0.001) and severe (9.5 vs. 2.7%;P ≤ 0.001) WS than medium flocks. Considering the effect of genotype, high-breast yield hybrids exhibited a higher incidence of both moderate (40.2 vs. 33.2%;P ≤ 0.001) and severe WS (7.2 vs. 5.0%;P ≤ 0.001) compared with standard-breast yield birds. In addition, within the medium class, the occurrence of WS reached higher levels in flocks of males. The heavy class consisted of male flocks separated into 2 slaughter weight categories. Birds that reached higher slaughtering weights (3.8–4.2 kg) exhibited higher incidence of WS than flocks slaughtered at lower weights (3.0–3.8 kg) at a similar age. In conclusion, the main broiler genotypes used for commercial production were affected by a high rate of WS; hybrids selected for higher breast yields were more prone to the WS abnormality. In addition, severe cases of WS are even more prevalent at higher slaughter age and weight, although reduced growth rate is associated with a lower incidence and severity of WS. 相似文献
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Shahram Golzar Adabi Eda Demirok Soncu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(4):1060-1069
White striping (WS), characterized by white striations on the Pectoralis major muscle, is an emerging problem for the broiler industry. Thus, the impact of WS on meat quality has become a current research topic. In this context, a 2‐year follow‐up study, to reveal the prevalence of WS in broiler integrations, was undertaken. Additionally, a laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the oxidative quality during storage and the differences in proximate composition, colour and fatty acid and amino acid profiles of broiler breast fillets scored visually as normal, moderate and severe. In integrations, the WS incidence increased with increasing broiler age and more than 50% of breast fillets obtained from 32‐ to 35‐day‐old broilers and 36‐ to 39‐day‐old broilers had stripes with different scores. Lower protein and higher fat contents were measured in the moderate and severe scored fillets than the normal fillets (p < 0.001). Severe score stripes induced the formation of less redness on the ventral surface (p < 0.05) and a darker colour on the dorsal surface (p < 0.01). The lowest histidine, arginine and tryptophan amounts were determined in severe fillets (p < 0.05). Moderate and severe scored fillets were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids implying that they were sensitive to lipid oxidation. That suggestion was further proven by the higher TBARS values. Freeze‐thawing induced the formation of carbonyl compounds, but it did not cause differences in sulphydryl groups. Briefly, we suggest that different WS scores may affect the physicochemical and oxidative quality of breast fillets; however, more studies are needed to assert an accurate and explicit judgement. 相似文献
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An experiment was carried out to investigate the variability in apparent ileal amino acid (AA) digestibilities in simulated samples of wheat shorts consisting of different proportions of wheat bran (WB), wheat shorts (WS), and wheat flour (WF), hereafter referred to as wheat fractions. The proportions of WS, WB, and WF and the NDF content (DM basis) of the wheat fractions were as follows: A, 70% WS, 30% WB, and 42.3% NDF; B, 85% WS, 15% WB, and 41.8% NDF; C, 100% WS and 41.3% NDF; D, 85% WS, 15% WF, and 35.2% NDF; and E, 70% WS, 30% WF, and 29.5% NDF. Six barrows, average initial BW of 37.2 kg, fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, were fed one of six experimental diets according to a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Six diets were formulated to contain 17% CP (as-fed basis). Diets A, B, C, D, and E contained 17.53% soybean meal (SBM), which contributed 50% of the CP in these diets. The wheat fractions contributed the remaining 50% of the CP in these diets. Diet F contained 35.05% SBM, which was the sole source of dietary CP. Chromic oxide was used as the digestibility marker. During the first experimental period, the daily dietary allowance was provided at a rate of 5% (wt/wt) of the average BW. Thereafter, the daily dietary allowance was increased by 100 g at each successive period. Each experimental period comprised 12 d. Following a 7-d adaptation period, feces were collected for 48 h and ileal digesta for a total of 24 h. The apparent ileal digestibilities of AA in the wheat fractions were calculated using the difference method. The digestibilities were usually lowest in the wheat fractions containing WB and highest in those containing no WB. The average of the digestibilities of the indispensable AA was 63.5% for wheat fraction A, which contained 30% WB, and 71.9% for wheat fraction C, which did not contain WB. There were no differences (P > .05) in lysine digestibilities among the wheat fractions, which ranged from 54.7 to 64.1%. Of the indispensable AA, with the exception of arginine, lysine, and methionine, the apparent ileal digestibility values of AA were negatively correlated (P < .05) with the NDF content in the wheat fractions. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(4):748-753
Market reports of white striping in broiler breast fillets have been increasing, which has generated concerns in the broiler meat industry regarding negative effects on consumer acceptance. This study was conducted to macro- and microscopically characterize the condition of white striping at varying degrees of severity on Cobb 500 broiler breast fillets slaughtered at 42 d of age. Carcasses of 2,512 broilers presenting white striping were slaughtered and macroscopically classified according to the degree of severity of the striations as moderate or severe; further histological microscopic evaluation demonstrated degenerative myopathy in both moderate and severe cases, but 75% of those breast fillets were classified as moderate. Typically, the samples classified macroscopically as moderate showed microscopic necrosis only (65.17%) or moderate multifocal necrosis (9.83%), whereas those classified as severe showed diffuse and strong necrosis (25.00%). The proliferation of connective tissue was not observed for either of the degrees of white striping investigated, characterizing this profile as an acute occurrence. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(4):742-747
Ducks are a small but important portion of the US poultry industry, and are a much larger proportion of the poultry markets in other countries. More duck meat fillet products enter the further processing market, yet few studies have been conducted on meat quality characteristics. Therefore, this project was conducted to determine the effects of sex, bird size, and marination treatment on breast (pectoralis major) fillet weight, cook yield, and Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear values. Razor shear was also used to isolate connective tissue in the breast meat that is typically responsible for consumer complaints regarding toughness. Ducks were identified at 1 d of age for sex, processed at 35 d of age in a commercial facility, and carcasses were categorized as small (1.6 kg), medium (2.0 kg), or large (2.5 kg). Breast fillets (120, 20 each from 2 sexes and 3 sizes) were divided and 60 were marinated using vacuum tumbling whereas 60 were left unmarinated. All of the fillets were then weighed, cooked, and reweighed to determine cook yield. Razor shear was conducted on 2 areas within each fillet and another 2 razor shear measurements were taken on each fillet directly through the connective tissue near the wing insertion. A section of each fillet was then removed for a 2-slice WB shear. Carcass size from small to large corresponded to an increase in raw fillet weight. Fillets from males required more razor shear force than fillets from females. Marination improved cook yield and reduced both the WB shear values and the razor shear values for the meat and the tendon. The razor shear method was effective at measuring both duck meat texture and tendon toughness. 相似文献
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Yasuhiro Hasegawa Takeshi Kawasaki Naoyuki Maeda Michi Yamada Naoki Takahashi Takafumi Watanabe Tomohito Iwasaki 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13517
Lipofuscin is one of the indicators of oxidative stress. To elucidate the role of oxidative stress in the development of wooden breast, this study investigates lipofuscin accumulation in various parts of wooden breast muscles. Sampling was performed using 46-day-old broiler chickens housed at a commercial Japanese poultry slaughterhouse. Fourteen wooden breast fillets and 13 normal breast fillets were collected in the deboning line. The samples used to measure shear force, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and for histological analysis were taken from the six portions of breast muscle fillets. In muscles affected by wooden breast, vacuolated muscle fibers were observed, and connective tissues appearing like perimysium were expanded with fibrosis. TBARS value and accumulation of lipofuscin were significantly higher in the wooden breast than in the normal breasts. A lot of lipofuscin granules were localized in the cytoplasm of collapsed muscle fibers of the wooden breast. The cranial portion of the wooden breast showed the highest shear force. The cranial position had a large amount of connective tissue and lipofuscin granules. The results of the present study strongly suggest that high oxidative stress, especially with a significant accumulation of lipofuscin, is associated with the development of wooden breasts. 相似文献
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Tomohito Iwasaki Takafumi Watanabe Yasuhiro Hasegawa Marina Hosotani Takeshi Kawasaki 《The Journal of Poultry Science》2021,58(3):177
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between early nutrition and the incidence of wooden breasts (WB) in broilers. Sixteen male and twenty female neonatal ROSS 308 broiler chicks were divided equally into four flocks. From 0–12 days of age, starter diet H, composed of 22.4% crude protein (CP), 6.6% crude fat (CF), 1.25% lysine, 0.48% methionine, and ≥3,070 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME), was fed to two flocks, and starter diet L, composed of 19.9% CP, 2.5% CF, 1.04% lysine, 0.38% methionine, and ≥2,930 kcal/kg ME, was fed to the remaining two flocks. All the flocks were fed the same commercial finisher diet, composed of 20.3% CP, 7.5% CF, 1.18% lysine, 0.44% methionine, and ≥3,300 kcal/kg ME, from 12–47 days of age. The birds were weighed every 2–5 days, subjected to a wing-lift test, and histology was conducted on the pectoralis major muscle tissue samples from all the birds necropsied at 47 days of age. Significant differences in the mean body weight between groups H and L were observed during 6–16 days and 24–26 days of age in males and during 6–26 days of age in females. Regarding the score evaluation of the individual lesions reflecting wooden breast, the birds in which back-to-back wing contact was not possible had higher lesion scores than those in which back-to-back wing contact was possible. The absence of back-to-back wing contact appeared more frequently in flocks fed the starter diet L, particularly in males. These results indicate that inappropriate nutrition levels in the starter diet increase the incidence of WB. Therefore, avoiding early nutrition deficits is a cost-effective feeding strategy. 相似文献