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1.
2011-2012年在乌江思南江段采集454尾(雌性298尾,雄性109尾,性别不辨47尾)泉水鱼(Pseudogyrincheilus procheilus),以鳞片作为材料对年龄进行鉴定,利用软件FISAT-II处理体长与年龄数据,对其生长方程、生长拐点等生物学特征进行了研究。结果表明,泉水鱼鳞片为圆鳞,年轮主要表现为普通切割型与普通疏密型;年龄组成为1~4龄,其中以2~3龄为主;1~4龄,体长增长率为47.4%,雌性体长增长率达50.4%,雄性体长增长率为35.0%,体重增长率为438.5%,雌性体重增长率为485.1%,雄性体重增长率为275.9%;体重(W)与体长(L)呈幂指数关系:W=2×10-6L3.4784(R2=0.8824),雌鱼为:W=3×10-6L3.4002(R2=0.8505),雄鱼为:W=2×10-5L3.019(R2=0.8112);体长(L)和鳞径(S)呈幂函数相关:L=92.597S0.5458;Von Bertalanfy生长方程的各参数为:渐进体长L∞=278.10 mm,生长系数k=0.22,t0=-1.80;雌鱼各参数为:L∞=355.01 mm,k=0.14,t0=-2.38;雄鱼各参数为:L∞=224.04 mm,k=0.32,t0=-1.72,雄鱼达到渐进体长的速度比雌鱼要快得多;体长生长速度和加速度不具拐点,生长速度随年龄增加而递减,生长加速度始终为负值,随年龄增加而增大;体重生长速度和加速度都具有拐点,拐点年龄ti=3.87,拐点体长Li=198.22 mm,拐点体重Wi=195.59 g。结合泉水鱼生长拐点年龄和性成熟年龄,为保护乌江思南泉水鱼资源,建议以180 mm为最小捕捞个体的体长。  相似文献   

2.
对海南海区采得的51尾丝蝴蝶鱼(Chaetodon auriga Forstal)年龄与生长的研究表明,其年轮特征主要为切割型,体长(L)与鳞径(R)呈直线相关:L=-3.5730+6.8387R;体长(L)与体重(W)呈幂函数的关系:W=5.9540×10-2L2.8126。应用Von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合该鱼的一般生长规律,其生长参数为:L∞=23.25cm,W∞=420.77g,K=0.2777,to=-0.1579,拐点年龄ti=4龄,拐点体长Li=15.92cm,拐点体重Wi=135.14g。海南海区丝蝴蝶鱼应以2龄、体长10.26cm、体重46.23g为最适合可捕标准。  相似文献   

3.
对海南海区采得的51尾丝蝴蝶鱼(Chaetodon auriga Forstal)年龄与生长的研究表明,其年轮特征主要为切割型,体长(L)与鳞径(R)呈直线相关:L=-3.5730+6.8387R;体长(L)与体重(W)呈幂函数的关系:W=5.9540×10-2L2.8126.应用Von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合该鱼的一般生长规律,其生长参数为:L∞=23.25cm,W∞=420.77g,K=0.2777,t0=-0.1579,拐点年龄ti=4龄,拐点体长Li=15.92cm,拐点体重Wi=135.14g.海南海区丝蝴蝶鱼应以2龄、体长10.26cm、体重46.23g为最适合可捕标准.  相似文献   

4.
南湾水库翘嘴红鲌的生长及种群控制的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
南湾水库的翘嘴红鱼白体长与体重实测值的关系呈幂指数关系,关系式为:W=0.0489L2.7274(r2=0.9739)。应用VonBertalanffy生长方程拟合其生长规律,体长与体重的生长不等速,其主要生物学参数为:L∞=98.8cm,W∞=7140.9g,体长的k=0.1662、t0=0.2638;体重的k=0.1038、t0=-0.1076,拐点年龄ti=5.3龄,拐点体长为57cm,体重为2049g。建议翘嘴红鱼白的捕捞年龄为2+,即体长为28cm、体重为500g以上,其适用网具的网目为90mm。  相似文献   

5.
为了探究凤鲚繁殖群体年龄与生长之间的关系,于2018年5月、6月和7月以及2019年5月在长江口水域采集凤鲚(Coilia mystus)繁殖群体,从渔获物中获得样品194尾,研究了其年龄结构和生长特性。结果显示,年龄结构为1～3龄,其中1、2龄为优势群体,占样品总数的82.48%。体长范围为69～192 mm,体质量范围为1.5～30.3 g,平均体长(128.87±25.26) mm,平均体质量(9.90±6.61) g。体长与体质量关系式中参数a为2×10-6,参数b为3.17。体长和体质量生长方程中渐进体长L∞和渐进体质量W∞分别为212.33 mm和48.22 g,生长系数k为0.43,理论生长起点年龄t0为-0.88。长江口凤鲚雄性个体趋向于匀速生长(b=2.87),而雌性个体为异速生长(b=3.31)。体质量生长曲线拐点年龄为1.81龄,拐点年龄对应的体长和体质量分别为145.44 mm和14.52 g。与之前的研究结果相比,近年来长江口凤鲚拐点年龄和渐进体长均有所增大,表明其小型化趋...  相似文献   

6.
驼背鲈的年龄与生长特征   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  
鉴定和描述了驼背鲈鳞片的年龄及其年轮特征,采用4种生长模型来模拟其体长生长过程,通过比较分析得出最适的生长方程,并对其生长拐点以及生长指标等生长特征进行了相应分析。实验结果表明,驼背鲈鳞片的年轮特征主要表现为疏密型,偶见副轮和生殖轮。vonBertalanffy生长方程、Gompertz生长方程、Log istic生长方程以及三项式方程均可反映驼背鲈的体长生长过程,其生长特点属于均匀生长类型,其中Gompertz生长方程能更好地描述10龄以前的体长生长性状。体长体重的von Bertalanffy生长方程为:Lt=566.0139[1-e-0.1549(t 1.0988)];Wt=4531.0076[1-e-0.1641(t 0.76635)]3.0245。体长与体重关系为Wt=2.3×10-5Lt3.0245。渐近体长L∞=566.0139 mm,渐近体重W∞=4531.0076 g,体重生长拐点tr=5.98龄,此时的体长与体重分别为376.94 mm和1 346.26 g。  相似文献   

7.
海南海区丝蝴蝶鱼年龄与生长的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对海南海区采得的51尾丝蝴蝶鱼（Chaetodon auriga Forstal）年龄与生长的研究表明,其年轮特征主要为切割型。其体长与鳞径呈直线相关L=-3.5730+6.8387R;体长与体重呈幂函数的增长关系：W=5.940×10-2L2.8176。应用Von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合该鱼的一般生长规律,其生长参数这：L∞=23.25cm,W∞=420.77g,K=0.2777,to=-0.1579,拐点年龄ti=4龄,拐点体长Li=15.92cm,拐点体重Wi=135.14g。  相似文献   

8.
南湾水库鳙鱼的生长及其资源评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
南湾水库的鳙鱼的平均年龄为3龄,南湾水库鳙鱼体长与体重的关系呈幂指数关系,关系式为W=0.0413L2.8472(R2=0.9422)。应用VonBertalanffy生长方程拟合其生长规律,体长与体重的生长不等速,其主要生物学参数为:L∞=87.6cm,W∞=28.5kg,体长的k=0.2443、t0=0.26778;体重的k=0.141、t0=-0.137,拐点年龄ti=7.5龄,拐点体重为8.05kg。回捕率37.5%,自然死亡率27.0%,其它死亡率33.3%。南湾水库鳙鱼的适宜开捕年龄为3 龄,平均体重约3947g。适当减小起捕规格,提高捕捞强度,可增加鲢鳙鱼的产量和效益。  相似文献   

9.
鉴定和描述了驼背鲈鳞片的年龄及其年轮特征,采用4种生长模型来模拟其体长生长过程,通过比较分析得出最适的生长方程,并对其生长拐点以及生长指标等生长特征进行了相应的分析。实验结果表明,驼背鲈鳞片的年轮特征主要表现为疏密型,偶见副轮和生殖轮。von Bertalanffy 生长方程、Gompertz生长方程、Logistic生长方程以及三项式方程均可反映驼背鲈的体长生长过程,其生长特点属于均匀生长类型,其中Gompertz生长方程能更好地描述10龄以前的体长生长性状。体长体重的von Bertalanffy 生长方程为：Lt=566.0139[1-e-0.1549(t+1.0988)];Wt=4531.0076[1-e-0.1641(t+0.76635)]3.0245。体长与体重关系为 Wt＝2.3×10-5Lt3.0245。渐近体长Ｌ∞=566.0139mm,渐近体重Ｗ∞=4531.0076ｇ,体重生长拐点tr=5.98龄,此时的体长与体重分别为376.94mm和1346.26g。  相似文献   

10.
闽东北外海底层流刺网作业渔获的银方头鱼群体由Ⅰ-Ⅺ龄11个世代构成，以Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ龄占优势；体长优势组为210-270mm，体重优势组为200-400克，体长与体重的关系W=2.1120×10-5×L2.9964，r=0.9970。初次性成熟年龄为Ⅱ-Ⅲ龄，最小性成熟个体体长为190mm，在4-8月均有产卵活动；按VonBantanffy方程拟合生长参数L∞=436.21mm，W∞=1715.05g，K=0.2357，t0=-0.9542，体重生长拐点年龄为3.702龄。  相似文献   

11.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

12.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

13.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

14.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.  相似文献   

15.
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos.  相似文献   

16.
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

17.
The sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus, is a sit-and-wait, low metabolic rate, marine teleost. The objective of this study was to determine i) whether cortisol implantation (50 mg. kg-1) for 7 days altered hepatocyte metabolism, and hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine, glucagon and insulin, and ii) whether 8 weeks of food-deprivation modified the above response. Cortisol implantation significantly increased hepatocyte total glucose production and oxidation from alanine compared to the sham group. There was no cortisol effect on glycogen breakdown, suggesting that the activation of other pathways, including gluconeogenesis, are required to account for the increased glucose production. Epinephrine-mediated (10-5M) glycogen breakdown and insulin-mediated (10-8M) total glucose production were enhanced in hepatocytes of cortisol implanted sea ravens, but there were no change in any glucagon (10-7M) effects. The enhanced glycogen breakdown in the absence of similar increases in total glucose production with epinephrine indicates mobilization of carbohydrate reserves for endogenous use by the liver. Food-deprivation for 8 weeks significantly decreased condition factor, plasma cortisol concentration and liver glycogen content in the sea raven, but had no effect on plasma glucose concentration. Hepatocyte total glucose production and flux rates from alanine increased significantly with food-deprivation. Moreover, food-deprivation increased responsiveness of total hepatocyte glucose production to the actions of glucagon and insulin, but not to epinephrine; none of these effects were modified by cortisol implantation. Our results indicate that cortisol in the sea raven exerts both a direct and an indirect or permissive effect on hepatocyte metabolism by modifying hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine and insulin stimulation. Cortisol implantation did not modify the effects of glucagon or food-deprivation in this species.  相似文献   

18.
Important environmental processes for the survival and recruitment of early life stages of pelagic fishes have been synthesized through Bakun's fundamental triad as enrichment, concentration and retention processes (A. Bakun, 1996, Patterns in the Ocean. Ocean Processes and Marine Population Dynamics. San Diego, CA, USA: University of California Sea Grant). This conceptual framework states that from favourable spawning habitats, eggs and larvae would be transported to and/or retained in places where food originating from enrichment areas would be concentrated. We propose a method for quantifying two of the triad processes, enrichment and retention, based on the Lagrangian tracking of particles transported within water velocity fields generated by a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model. We apply this method to the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem, constructing putative maps of enrichment and retention. We comment on these maps regarding main features of the circulation in the region, and investigate seasonal variability of the processes. We finally discuss the results in relation to available knowledge on the reproductive strategies of two pelagic clupeoid species abundant in the southern Benguela, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardinops sagax). Our approach is intended to be sufficiently generic so as to allow its application to other upwelling systems.  相似文献   

19.
This study evaluated the effects of three levels of loading density (200, 300 and 400 g L−1) and four levels of duration (1, 3, 6 and 9 h) on the mortality, plasma cortisol and chloride levels and growth of rohu Labeo rohita fingerlings in a transport simulation. While total immediate mortality was low (4–12%), delayed mortality was high (27–49%). Initial capture and handling were found to constitute the most stressful phase as indicated by elevated plasma cortisol. The levels of cortisol continued to rise at 6 and 9 h after transport, with the highest level observed at 9 h after transport. The level of plasma chloride fell after transport across all density levels and treatment durations. Specific growth rate (SGR, %/day) and total bacterial density (cfu/g) were not different between and within treatments, and between treatments and the controls. This study demonstrates that transport has a profound effect on the stress responses of rohu fingerlings. Although the level of immediate mortality was low, the higher level of delayed mortality has serious implications in terms of production inefficiency for grow-out farmers.  相似文献   

20.
  • 1. The common name ‘tilapia’ refers to a group of tropical freshwater fish in the family Cichlidae (Oreochromis, Tilapia, and Sarotherodon spp.) that are indigenous to Africa and the southwestern Middle East. Since the 1930s, tilapias have been intentionally dispersed worldwide for the biological control of aquatic weeds and insects, as baitfish for certain capture fisheries, for aquaria, and as a food fish. They have most recently been promoted as an important source of protein that could provide food security for developing countries without the environmental problems associated with terrestrial agriculture. In addition, market demand for tilapia in developed countries such as the United States is growing rapidly.
  • 2. Tilapias are well‐suited to aquaculture because they are highly prolific and tolerant to a range of environmental conditions. They have come to be known as the ‘aquatic chicken’ because of their potential as an affordable, high‐yield source of protein that can be easily raised in a range of environments — from subsistence or ‘backyard’ units to intensive fish hatcheries. In some countries, particularly in Asia, nearly all of the introduced tilapias produced are consumed domestically; tilapias have contributed to basic food security for such societies.
  • 3. This review indicates that tilapia species are highly invasive and exist under feral conditions in every nation in which they have been cultured or introduced. Thus, the authors have concluded that, despite potential or observed benefits to human society, tilapia aquaculture and open‐water introductions cannot continue unchecked without further exacerbating damage to native fish species and biodiversity. Recommendations include restricting tilapia culture to carefully managed, contained ponds, although exclusion is preferred when it is feasible. Research into culture of indigenous species is also recommended.
Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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