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1.
到目前为止，对鸭肝炎I型作组织病理学研究的工作可分为下列几种：鸡鸭肝炎I型标准毒株人工发病雏鸭肝、脾、脑等多种器官作组织病理学观察；对鸭肝炎I型野外病例肝、脾、脑等作组织病理学观察；对鸭肝炎I型人工感染鸡胚肝脏等几种脏器作组织病理学观察等。国外Sandhu等还对鸭肝炎I型变 异株感染雏鸭作组织病理学观察。本文报道了对珠江三角洲有变异倾向的鸭肝炎I型自然病例和6株野毒人工发病病例的组织病理学观察结果，观察包括肝、脾、胰、脑、心、肺、肾、、腺胃、小肠、法氏囊等10种脏器，并对各器官的病变进行具体描述与统计。为国内外研究DHVI型变异株感染的组织病理学研究提供了更丰富详实的资料。  相似文献   

2.
选择长白仔猪l2头．体质量8～12kg，随机分成试验组(8头)和对照组(4头)。试验组仔猪用醋酸铅溶液按日剂量60mg／kg体质量饮水．对照组仔猪正常饲喂．持续14周。结果试验仔猪临床表现消瘦、厌食或绝食，腹泻、惊厥及肌肉震颤等症状。血液学检查，试验仔猪呈小细胞性、低色素性贫血，其外周血中中、晚幼红细胞增多．且能见到嗜碱性点彩颗粒。病理眼观变化：心脏扩张．心包有积液；肝、肾肿大，呈土黄色；脾稍肿大，切面呈暗红色．结构模糊；肺膨大，质地脆弱；胃、肠黏膜潮红、肿胀．胃壁充血、出血；大脑膜血管充血。病理组织学检查：心肌纤维变性、坏死；肝细胞发生颗粒和脂肪变性,汇管区血管充血；脾小梁静脉扩张，脾窦有大量红细胞浸润；肺支气管黏膜上皮和肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死；小肠、大肠黏膜上皮变性坏死、脱落．腺体杯状细胞增多；脑膜血管扩张充血．神经细胞水肿，胞浆溶解。组织超微结构观察：肝细胞核周间隙和核膜界限不清．线粒体扩张呈囊状；肾小管上皮细胞核及线粒体基质部分缺失，局部空泡化；大脑、小脑、脑干、脊髓神经细胞及其线粒体基质局部缺失，神经胶质细胞及神经纤维不同程度出现溶解斑。用原子吸收分光光度计法测定仔猪外周血、心、肝、肾、脑及股骨的铅含量．其血液铅平均质量浓度达2．64mg／L，被检组织中以股骨的铅含量为最高．达到24．6μg／g，依次为肾、肝、心，脑．其测定值分别是正常对照组仔猪的40、117、130、79、195和76倍。  相似文献   

3.
变异黄芪是一种疯草类有毒植物,其毒性成分为苦马豆素,本试验以内蒙古阿拉善左旗吉兰泰镇的2只变异黄芪自然中毒山羊为对象,通过HE染色观察脑、心、肝、脾、肾等组织病理学变化,透射电镜观察脑、心、肝组织超微结构变化。结果发现,中毒羊脑、心、肝、肾等组织细胞发生广泛空泡变性,超微结构观察发现大小脑、心、肝细胞中有多量膜包裹的空泡样结构,血管中有炎性细胞浸润,线粒体嵴断裂,排列紊乱、变性。中毒羊的病理变化与超微结构变化与之前报道的疯草中毒动物的基本一致,但线粒体变性则报道的较少。  相似文献   

4.
2015年8月-11月对45例山东省近期流行的鸡肝炎-心包积液综合征剖检病变及组织病理学变化进行观察分析,并对肝组织进行透射电镜观察。剖检病变以心包积液、出血性坏死性肝炎、肺淤血水肿、肾变性肿胀、脾淤血肿胀、胰腺点状坏死及脑膜充血为特征。病理组织学观察主要表现为肝细胞灶状坏死并伴有核内嗜碱性或嗜酸性包涵体,心肌纤维变性,心间质充血、水肿及巨噬细胞浸润,胰腺上皮细胞变性、坏死,偶尔见核内嗜碱性包涵体,肾小管上皮细胞变性、间质淤血出血,肺淤血、水肿,免疫器官淋巴细胞坏死,肠黏膜发生出血性卡他性炎症。电镜观察肝细胞核内晶格状排列直径70nm左右的病毒粒子,本研究为该病的发病机制研究提供了试验基础。  相似文献   

5.
斑点叉尾(鱼回)疑似疱疹病毒感染的病理形态学观察   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
耿毅  汪开毓 《中国兽医学报》2005,25(6):636-639,642
对四川省一些养殖场斑点又尾鮰大规模死亡的病鱼组织进行了光镜和电镜观察．在其肾和肝组织的细胞中发现一种圆形或椭圆形病毒颗粒，有囊膜的病毒颗粒存在于胞浆中，直径150～200nm．无囊膜的病毒颗粒既存在于胞浆中，也存在于胞棱中，直径为80～110nm，同时在细胞核内可见无病毒核心的空衣壳，根据其形态特征初步确定为一种疱疹病毒。病鱼主要表现为鳍条基部和皮肤（特别是腹部和尾柄）充血、出血，腹部膨大，眼球突出．鳃发白．腹腔内充有淡黄色或淡红色的腹水，胃肠道扩张，其内充满大量淡黄色的粘液，肝、脾和肾肿大。病理组织学变化主要为全身组织器官广泛性水肿、出血、变性、坏死和炎症细胞浸润，特别是肾、肝、胃肠道、脾和脑的损伤较为严重。肾间质水肿，造血组织坏死，巨噬细胞和中性拉细胞浸润．肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性和坏死；肝水肿，狄氏间隙增宽．肝细胞空泡变性及坏死；胃肠道粘膜上皮变性，坏死．脱落，固有膜，粘膜下层水肿，淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和中性枉细胞浸润；脾淤血．出血．淋巴细胞减少，大量巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞浸润；脑水肿，神经细胞肿胀．甚至坏死固缩。超微结构上．被病毒感染的细胞发生明显的痛变，线粒体肿胀，嵴断裂．溶解，粗面内质网扩张，核糖体颗粒脱落．细胞核体积增大，染色质浓缩．边集。  相似文献   

6.
鸭瘟病毒弱毒株在免疫雏鸭体内的分布和排毒规律   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：9  
鸭瘟病毒(DPV)弱毒Cha株经皮下、口服和滴鼻3种途径免疫1日龄雏鸭，应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测了病毒在体内分布和排毒规律。Cha株免疫雏鸭后，对血液、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、十二指肠、直肠、法氏囊、胸腺、胰腺、延脑、大脑、小脑、舌、肌肉、骨髓、粪便和食道共19种组织PCR检测结果如下：(1)皮下接种雏鸭后4h，即可在心、肝、脾、肾、法氏囊、胸腺、胰腺、延脑、大脑和小脑共10种组织中检出DPV的DNA；8h后，所有采取的组织器官均可检测到DPV的DNA。(2)口服接种雏鸭后4h，可在舌和食道中检测到DPV的DNA；8h后，可在心、肝、脾、肾、胸腺、胰腺、延脑、大脑、小脑、舌、食道和血液共12种组织器官中检出DPV的DNA。(3)滴鼻接种雏鸭后4h，未能在各种组织中检出DPV的DNA；8h后，可在心、肝、脾、肾、胸腺、延脑、大脑、小脑、舌、食道和血液共11种组织中检测到DPV的DNA。(4)在3种免疫途径中，检出时间最早和检出率最高的组织器官为肝脏、脑(大脑、小脑和延脑)；3种途径免疫的鸭，从免疫后12h至21d均能从所有采集的组织中检测出DPV DNA。  相似文献   

7.
为研究乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)感染小鼠后主要组织器官的损伤性变化及其在各主要器官的定位分布,本试验建立JEV感染小鼠动物模型,对感染后小鼠各组织器官进行动态病理组织学观察,并运用RNAScope染色技术了解JEV在各主要器官的定位分布。病理学观察结果显示,感染后4 d部分神经元发生肿胀变性,感染后5～10 d观察到大脑灰质神经元变性坏死,明显的血管炎性反应形成的袖套现象及胶质细胞增生,感染后10～17 d脑组织的病理学变化渐不明显。脾脏在感染后3 d,红髓淤血,脾小体周围巨噬细胞明显增多,8 d后脾小体周围的淋巴小结增生明显,可见许多新生的淋巴细胞。心肌淤血、变性并出现明显的间质性心肌炎及后期偶见心内膜下少量心肌细胞脂肪变性。肝淤血及肝细胞严重肿胀变性。肺泡壁增厚,肺泡壁上皮细胞变性肿胀及后期肺组织结构基本正常。肾小球毛细血管扩张。胃黏膜部分脱落,胃黏膜临近角质化区可以观察到小的坏死灶。十二指肠黏膜下层充血、肌层水肿、伴有少量炎性细胞浸润。空肠未见明显变化。RNAScope染色结果显示,小鼠感染后2 d,JEV核酸在脾、肾、肝、肺、胃、胰中可以检测到,在脑中检测量较少,心、空肠和十二指肠未有病毒核酸信号;因此,JEV在感染初期可能主要在小鼠外周组织分布并对外周组织具有一定的病理性损伤作用,进入中枢神经系统后主要分布于脑并对脑实质产生一定的破坏性。  相似文献   

8.
为研究鸭坦布苏病毒对雏鸭的致病性,对1周龄樱桃谷雏鸭肌肉接种坦布苏病毒FX 2010株,建立雏鸭感染模型,动态观察感染雏鸭的临床表现、病理变化、组织病毒含量及免疫反应。结果显示,雏鸭攻毒后第3天食欲下降,排黄白色稀粪,第5天时出现神经症状,部分雏鸭急性死亡,死亡率高达22.5%(9/40)。剖检病、死鸭可见心内膜出血,脾肿胀、坏死,肝、肾变性肿胀,脑膜充血。感染雏鸭的组织病理学变化主要表现心、肝、肾实质细胞变性、坏死,间质炎性细胞浸润或见出血;脾淋巴细胞局灶性坏死并伴有大量异嗜性粒细胞浸润;大脑呈典型的病毒性脑炎变化。雏鸭感染后第1天各器官就能检测到坦布苏病毒,第3天器官病毒含量除脾外均达峰值,后逐渐下降。雏鸭攻毒后第5天血清中出现微弱的中和抗体,以后逐渐升高,第17天时达峰值。以上结果表明,鸭坦布苏病毒感染雏鸭后能迅速入侵机体各组织器官并大量复制,呈组织泛嗜性特征,造成全身广泛性组织损伤,重症雏鸭死于急性败血症病变。雏鸭接种病毒后能快速产生中和抗体以抵抗感染并迅速清除病毒。  相似文献   

9.
人工感染鸭病毒性肠炎急性病例超微结构变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
用鸭病毒性肠炎病毒（Duck enteritis virus，DEV）CH强毒株感染成年鸭复制鸭病毒性肠炎急性病例，分别于接种后不同时间，取心、肝、肾、脾、胸腺、十二指肠、法氏囊、脑和胰组织，制作超薄切片，电镜观察。结果表明：病变最早发生于肝和肾，而鸭死亡后以免疫器官和消化器官损伤最严重；各种细胞的变化主要表现为细胞肿胀，染色质或浓缩、碎裂或溶解，线粒体溶解成空泡样结构，其他细胞器破坏；脾、胸腺、法氏囊以及小肠固有层中的淋巴细胞在感染24h后，在出现细胞坏死的同时还出现较为明显的细胞凋亡变化；而鸭死亡后淋巴细胞主要表现为黑洞核样变化，整个细胞凝聚深染，染色质固缩，细胞浆均质深染，细胞膜模糊或不完整。  相似文献   

10.
对自然发病死亡的２０只鸡进行系统的剖检及病理学观察。结果发现，该病的病理学特征主要表现为：肝肿大，质脆，表面出血，肝细胞变性及坏死；肠道（以十二指肠及空肠）病变明显，肠道淤血、出血，肠粘膜上皮细胞坏死脱落，固有层充血、出血、水肿；心脏淤血、出血，心肌坏死，肺、肾、脾均有不同程度的淤血、出血。研究结果表明，在心、肝、脾性组织切片中可见有多量的圆形（０．４μｍ左右）、具有抗酸梁色特性的和种细菌故定为新  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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