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1.
柑橘果实在贮藏期间极易发生青霉病、绿霉病、炭疽病等多种病害。为了减轻病害造成的损失,笔者在自然通风贮藏库内用咪鲜胺分别对锦橙、血橙、温州蜜柑和夏橙等4个柑橘品种进行了防腐保鲜效果研究。结果表明咪鲜胺333.33mg/㎏对青霉病、绿霉病、炭疽病和总病害均有较好的保鲜效果,只不同品种保鲜时间各异。以对锦橙和血橙的保鲜时间最长,贮藏期可达120天;其次是温州蜜柑,贮藏期可达60天;对夏橙的保鲜时间最短,只30天。对青霉病、绿霉病的效果,锦橙和血橙达120天,温州蜜柑达90天,夏橙达60天;对炭疽病的效果,锦橙可达120天,血橙达90天,温州蜜柑可达60天,夏橙只30天。咪鲜胺浸药处理对4个品种柑橘的失重率没有影响,只随着贮藏时间的延长,失重率均逐渐增加。咪鲜胺处理对果蒂保持绿色有一定效果,对不同品种柑橘果实内在品质、外观色泽和口感没有负面影响。  相似文献   

2.
从柑橘根际土壤中获得192个细菌分离物,通过平板拮抗测试,筛选出对柑橘溃疡病菌（Xanthomonas axonopdis pv. citri）有较强拮抗作用的6个芽孢菌株,抑菌圈直径达12.0～25.0mm,其中菌株G32对柑橘溃疡病菌抑制效果最好,稳定性高;温室控病试验表明,菌株G32的控病效果最佳,提前喷施拮抗菌其预防效果达60.7%,接种溃疡病菌后喷施的治疗效果为53.2%;根据其形态特征、培养性状、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列比对分析,将G32鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis。  相似文献   

3.
利用菌丝生长速率法,以柑橘青霉病菌、绿霉病菌及西瓜枯萎病菌等15种常见植物病原菌作为指示菌种,对中草药桂枝两种主要活性成分肉桂醛和肉桂酸进行了室内毒力测定。试验结果表明,对15种供试菌毒力测定中,肉桂醛对猕猴桃拟茎点霉菌的抑制效果最好,EC50为0.0179 mg/mL,对柑橘意大利青霉菌的抑制效果最差,EC50为0.9243 mg/mL;而肉桂酸对枣拟茎点霉菌和葡萄座腔菌的抑制作用最强,EC50均为0.0061 mg/mL,对柑橘指状青霉菌的抑制作用最差,EC50为0.9945 mg/mL。本实验结果将为桂枝活性成分在植物病害防治应用中提供一定的理论指导。  相似文献   

4.
本文报道先刺伤接种柑橘绿霉病菌（Penicillium digitatum）孢子悬浮液,再进行不同类型、不同浓度药剂对抗苯并咪唑类和咪唑类杀菌剂（双抗）或双敏感菌系的防治效果。结果表明：500 、1000mg/L甲基硫菌灵、咪鲜胺和抑霉唑（500mg/L）单剂,或500mg/L甲基硫菌灵和咪鲜胺混剂对双抗菌系防治作用均低于50%。而1000mg/L百可得,500、1000mg/L百可得与相同浓度咪鲜胺均可控制双抗菌系引起的腐烂。1000mg/L咯菌腈防效为83.33%,500、1000mg/L嘧霉胺防效分别为91.11%、98.89%。500mg/L百可得、抑霉唑和嘧霉胺单剂,500mg/L百可得和相同浓度咪鲜胺混配,500mg/L甲基硫菌灵和相同浓度咪鲜胺混配对敏感菌系均有89%以上防效。基于研究结果,建议不再使用苯并咪唑类和咪唑类杀菌剂单剂,或这两类杀菌剂混剂防治柑橘采后病害,可选择1000mg /L百可得单剂,500mg /L百可得和相同浓度咪唑类混剂,同时建议将嘧霉胺登记用于柑橘采后处理。  相似文献   

5.
采用乙醇、水、丙酮为溶剂对柑橘皮和种子分别进行提取获得提取物,以烟草赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)、玉米青枯病菌（Fusarium gramincarum）、西瓜炭疽病菌（Colletetrichum orbicalare）、小麦赤霉病菌（Gibberella zeae）、黄瓜灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）、黄瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum）、番茄早疫病菌（Alternaria solani）、茄子黄萎病菌（Verticillium albo-atrum）8种重要的植物病原真菌为靶标,采用生长速率法测定柑橘提取物对8种供试病原菌的抑制效果。结果表明,在质量浓度为10mg?ml-1时,提取物对供试的8种病原真菌均具有明显的抑制作用,其中乙醇提取物的抑菌效果最好,且3种溶剂的种子提取物的抑菌效果一般要高于橘皮提取物。  相似文献   

6.
本研究在贵州、广东、安徽和上海共16个县（市）的66个调查点位进行葡萄主要病害的调查。并对安徽、贵州和广东共9个县（市）的葡萄病样进行采集,对病原菌进行分离纯化后,分别用ITS序列对其进行分子鉴定。结果表明：广东、贵州、安徽、上海均有不同程度的葡萄霜霉病、炭疽病的发生。其中,贵州省主要葡萄病害为炭疽病、霜霉病和灰霉病,葡萄霜霉病危害严重,发病率为60.79%,炭疽病仅危害水晶葡萄,发病率为47.64%;广东省主要葡萄病害为溃疡病、炭疽病、白粉病和白腐病,其中溃疡病发生普遍,发病率为48.28%;安徽省葡萄病害有葡萄酸腐病、炭疽病、灰霉病、白腐病、黑曲霉病,其中酸腐病发生较为严重,发病率为53%,巢湖市“夏黑”品种中发病率高达97.0%;上海市调查发现葡萄酸腐病、炭疽病和黑曲霉病。此外,自广东、贵州与安徽省共分离得到114株真菌,分别鉴定属炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum spp.)、葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria spp.)、间座壳属 (Diaporthe spp.)和链格孢属 (Alternaria spp.)等共计15个属。通过调查,可为各省葡萄病害综合防控提供理论参考。  相似文献   

7.
笔者对海南省海口、文昌、琼海、乐东、临高、东方等市（县）的火龙果(Hylocereus undatus)真菌病害进行了系统实地调研。结果表明,海南地区火龙果生产中发生的真菌病害主要有7种,分别为溃疡病、茎腐病、炭疽病、茎斑病、基腐病、黑斑病、果腐病;其中以火龙果溃疡病和茎腐病在调查的市县种植区均有发生,且危害严重。海口地区主要发生溃疡病和炭疽病,文昌地区主要发生溃疡病、基腐病和茎腐病,琼海地区主要发生茎腐病和溃疡病,临高地区主要发生溃疡病和黑斑病,东方地区主要发生溃疡病,乐东地区主要发生溃疡病和炭疽病。  相似文献   

8.
徐杉  李彦忠 《草业学报》2016,25(7):203-214
箭筈豌豆是一年生野豌豆属植物,也是野豌豆属的重要栽培种。截止2015年年底,世界范围内箭筈豌豆真菌病害共有14种,分布于28个国家或地区,茎叶部病害、根部病害和系统性病害分别有10种(黑腐病、炭疽病等)、3种(丝囊霉根腐病、镰孢根腐病、腐霉病)和1种(黄萎病)。这些病害中,链格孢黑斑病、丝囊霉病、腐霉病、黄萎病4种病害仅在国外报道。附球菌叶斑病和葡柄霉叶斑病两种病害仅在我国发生。我国共10种病害,在10个省区有报道,其中病害发生数最多的地区为甘肃(8种),其次为云南(6种)。箭筈豌豆的真菌性病原共有43种,25种为半知菌,占总数的58%,其余为7种子囊菌、6种担子菌、5种鞭毛菌,分别占总数的16%,14%和12%。43种病原真菌中,有15种真菌引起的病害仅在国外报道,有7种真菌引起病害仅在我国报道。还有7种真菌只在箭筈豌豆上发现,再无其他寄主报道。另外,我国还在箭筈豌豆种子上检测出6种种带真菌,其中4种均能不同程度地降低箭筈豌豆种子的萌发和幼苗的生长。国内外对箭筈豌豆真菌病害的危害程度、发生规律和防治等方面研究较少,主要集中在炭疽病、白粉病、锈病、灰斑病等几种病害上。随着箭筈豌豆栽培面积和需求的扩大,应该关注影响我国箭筈豌豆生产的主要真菌病害,在确定病原真菌的基础上,加深对病原真菌发生规律的研究,制定出有效的防治策略。  相似文献   

9.
560克/升阿米多彩悬浮剂是先正达公司用两种具有不同作用的杀菌剂嘧菌酯和百菌清混配而成的保护性杀菌剂,杀菌谱广,可有效隔离和杀死病菌,阻止孢子传播,非常适于抗性管理和病害综合治理,对由子囊菌、担子菌、半知菌和卵菌引起的病害如霜霉病、霜疫霉病、早疫病、蔓枯病和炭疽病等均  相似文献   

10.
<正>建所50年来,中国农业科学院柑桔研究所(简称柑桔所,下同)先后开展了以青、绿霉病为主的柑桔贮藏期病害、柑桔脚腐病、柑桔苗木立枯病以及柑桔根线虫病等病害的研究,现将有关成果简述如下。一、以青、绿霉病为主的柑桔果实贮藏期病害的研究柑桔果实在运输、贮藏过程中常受到多种真菌病害的侵害,引起果实大量腐烂,其中以柑桔青、绿霉病为害最为严重。为此,柑桔所新农药试验小组主  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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