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摘要：为探索强势极性葡萄品种的优质、高产栽培架式,以紫秋、白香蕉葡萄为试材,采用单篱架、V型篱架和平顶棚架作比较栽培研究。结果表明：三种架式对葡萄的夏梢生长、产量品质与管理成本均有影响,其中平顶棚架葡萄栽培处理极显著分别比单篱架和V型篱架的夏芽萌生变少、结果枝节间缩短、早期病叶减轻、单体果穗增重、单位产量提高。枝蔓长势旺、生长极性强的葡萄品种,宜用平顶棚架栽培。 相似文献
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葡萄架式与树形的选择对葡萄产量、品质具有重要影响。桂林市是广西壮族自治区鲜食葡萄主产区,普遍采用双篱架或V形篱架,架高2.0-2.2m。在架式与树形应用中突出存在的问题一是结果部位低,果穗距地面高度一般为50-60cm;二是枝梢生长直立,副梢抽发量大;三是果实着色不良。这些问题严重影响产量、品质和生产效益提高。通过架式改造,将双篱架或V形架改造成Y形架并配套进行整形修剪,在不影响当年产量前提下,能提高果实品质,显著减少农药使用次数,降低劳动力成本。 相似文献
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当前我国葡萄生产中常用架式有柱架、篱架和棚架等,而常用整形方式有扇形、龙干形、单干双臂形、"干"字形、"高、宽、垂"整形("T"形)、"FI"形、"H"形、"一"字形和"V"形等。不同架式和整形方式,根据不同立地条件和生产要求,各地都有存在。对于葡萄栽培冬季非埋土地区,"H"形或"一"字形为基本树形的双"H"("王"字形)、"W"形以及改良"一"字形等树形将会逐步推广应用,与之相配套的极短梢修剪技术也会逐渐得到研究和应用。 相似文献
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葡萄是一种多年生藤本植物（攀缘植物）,在人工栽培条件下必须依靠架式来支撑。结合当地的自然条件和气候环境研究出一种新型架式来适应新形势下生产需要。分析现有的T形架和大V形架的优缺点,取长补短研究出T+V组合新型架式。T+V组合架式综合了T形架和大V形架各自的优点,克服原有的缺点,满足生产出优质果品和节约生产成本的现实需求。 相似文献
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据《北方园艺》2018年第24期《不同架形对玉泉营美乐葡萄营养生长及品质的影响》(作者许泽华等)报道,以10年生美乐葡萄为材料,以直立龙干为对照,研究了倾斜“厂”字形篱壁叶幕、倾斜“厂”字形“V”形叶幕对葡萄营养生长、叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、产量及品质的影响,比较其光合速率、营养元素吸收的差异,筛选出最适宜玉泉营葡萄栽培的架形,以期通过架形改造来解决葡萄直立龙干整形压蔓埋土困难、果实成熟不均、修剪费工、难以机械化操作等问题。 相似文献
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近年来随着农业结构的调整,在闽北地区葡萄的种植面积已有一定的规模.福建省松溪县利用单臂篱架式葡萄园地进行套种蔬菜取得了成功. 相似文献
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【目的】针对目前流行的火龙果连排（篱壁）式架栽培模式存在着植株整枝修剪不良,操作标准不够精确定量,不利于以规模化、集约化的方式进行精品火龙果栽培生产等缺陷,【方法】通过设计标准化整枝模式,首次提出火龙果“标准植株”（一蔓十二枝）概念,改进栽培架的连杆高度（140cm),增加防寒线、横担、托枝线、固定扎线等,改滴灌带为喷灌管空中喷洒,改A型支撑为单立柱等,进行系统改良和优化设计,【结果】以使架式结构更合理、性能更佳,让建园与栽培管理易于实现流程化、标准化、单点优化、精确培训和定量考核成本,且更符合火龙果生长特点和生产精品果的需求,【应用范围】为平地和缓坡地火龙果园选择栽培生产管理模式提供参考依据。 相似文献
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1 幼龄树 猕猴桃定植后 1～ 2年主要以轻剪长放为主 ;3～ 4年以轻剪并辅以短剪为主。2 成年树 猕猴桃进入第 5年后 ,树体基本成形 ,并开始进入盛果期 ,为保持丰产 ,篱架宜采取轻、重短截及疏枝为主 ,“Ｔ”型小棚架除作为绑缚在架面上的结果母枝中度短剪外 ,其余枝应较重短截或疏除。留枝量 :冬季修剪后每单株保留健壮的结果母枝篱架 50～ 60个 ,“Ｔ”型小棚架不少于 2 0个达到架面的结果母枝。根据不同架式、品种结果习性、结果母枝和强弱枝的用途等来确定剪留长度。一般篱架结果母枝留 2～ 8个饱满芽短截 ;“Ｔ”型小棚架面上的结果… 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献