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哲罗鱼和大麻哈鱼消化系统的比较解剖分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
解剖观察了哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)和大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum)的消化系统,描述了与摄食有关的齿、舌、鳃耙、胃、幽门盲囊、肝、胰脏、胆囊的形态特征;测量了体长、头长、吻长、口裂宽、口腔长,食道长、胃长、肠长、消化道长;计算了有关比值。结果表明:这二种鲑科鱼类的消化道具有典型的肉食性鱼类的特点,口裂较大,口咽腔长/头长为0.62～0.71,肠较短,肠长/体长为0.69,食道、胃、肠壁内突形成明显的粘膜皱褶。具有独立而发达的肝脏和胰腺。文中讨论了消化道分段及摄食习性与消化系统形态结构特点之间的关系。 相似文献
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利用形态学和连续组织切片技术，对出膜后1-60d的斜带石斑鱼各期仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼的消化系统进行了光镜观察，描述了其消化器官发育过程和组织学特性。研究表明，实验水温为22.0-27.8℃时，孵化后第4天，上下颌形成，卵黄囊被吸收，消化系统明显分化成食道、胃、肠、直肠以及肝脏、胆囊和胰脏等，鱼体由内源性营养转向外源性摄食营养，表明其消化系统的形态变化与食性的变化相适应。此后随着鱼体的生长，其消化系统从功能和结构上逐步完善成熟。胰脏在出膜后第4天出现，是和肝脏相互分开的一个独立的器官，但是发育到第35-60天，位于肠道后部的胰脏组织内出现许多大空泡。 相似文献
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近年来海洋仔鱼消化系统,包括胃、肠道以及胰脏发育的研究进展进行了综述,描述了其消化系统在发育过程中形态和功能的变化,对仔鱼发育过程中包括胃蛋白酶、胰酶、肠酶及其他消化酶的变化以及饵料组分的影响进行了总结。 相似文献
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观察并描述了大泷六线鱼的外部形态特征,详细测量了30个个体的大泷六线鱼外部形态参数,进行了相关关系分析;并解剖观察了其消化系统结构特征。外部形态参数全长(LT)与体长(LB)相关关系为LB=0.8489LT+1.0309(R2=0.978),体长与体重的关系为W=0.0211LB2.9927,(R2=0.8337),其余形态参数相关性较低;可数性状背鳍、臀鳍、腹鳍、胸鳍、尾鳍鳍条数分别为38～43、18～22、5～7、17～18、13～15;侧线5条;第3侧线鳞数80～128;第1鳃弓鳃耙数16～19;消化系统结构特征:口咽腔较小,颌齿发达;食道短粗;胃发达,具有27～36个幽门盲囊;胃发达且分化明显,肠在腹腔内呈两个盘曲,肠长/体长为0.801±0.01,表明大泷六线鱼为典型的肉食性鱼类。 相似文献
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暗纹东方鲀仔鱼期消化系统的组织学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
对出膜后1～18d的暗纹东方鲀仔鱼的消化系统进行了形态学和组织学观察。当水温为23℃时，6日龄仔鱼的上下颌已形成，开始摄食；12日龄仔鱼的卵黄囊已被吸收，此时仔鱼由混合性营养转向外源性营养。描述了消化系统发育过程的组织学结构特征，并采用图像分析比较了卵黄囊与消化器官发育的消长过程。 相似文献
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采用活体解剖和显微镜技术对哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)消化系统进行了较详细的观察,描述了消化道、消化腺的形态特征及各消化段的基本组织结构特点以及各段的细胞学特征.结果表明,哲罗鱼消化系统具有以下特点:(1)口端位,吻尖,口腔、口裂都较大;上下颌、犁骨、腭骨及舌上均有细小的尖齿,齿多向内倾斜;舌肌不发达,舌前端游离,舌黏膜表面为复层鳞状上皮,内含味蕾和杯状细胞.(2)食道粗短,肌层发达,内壁上有较深的纵向褶,黏膜层有大量的杯状细胞.(3)胃U型,分3部分,胃擘内有纵向皱褶,纵褶之间有网状褶,胃底部有胃腺.(4)盲囊呈指状,约180～256个左右,盲囊腔内有灰白色的胶冻状物质,上皮游离面具有微绒毛,黏膜层突入腔内形成窄长的绒毛,黏膜下层不明显.(5)肠直行,分前后肠,黏膜层中有单管状的肠腺.(6)肝不分叶,底边分叉呈枫叶状,在肝的右腹面有一长形的裸露胆囊,肝小叶分隔不明显.(7)肝胰脏分开.本研究通过对哲罗鱼消化系统的形态及显微结构的观察,探讨了其消化系统组织学和解剖学特征与其食性的适应性. 相似文献
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黄海中南部鳀鱼各发育阶段对浮游动物的摄食 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
对1999～2001年在黄海中南部采集的鯷鱼(Engraulis japonicus)消化道进行了分析。产卵场的鯷鱼仔稚鱼和越冬场的成鱼都是主要在白天摄食，胃饱满指数白天明显高于夜间。鯷鱼消化道中的食物团几乎全部由浮游动物组成。鯷鱼偏好的食物随鯷鱼长度的增加而变化。桡足类和它们的卵子、幼体是最大的优势类群。体长小于10mm的鯷鱼仔稚鱼主要摄食桡足类的卵和无节幼体；体长11～20mm的鯷鱼仔稚鱼主要摄食桡足类的桡足幼体和原生动物；叉长21～30mm的鯷鱼主要摄食纺锤水蚤等小型桡足类和甲壳类的蚤状幼体；叉长41～80mm的鯷鱼主要摄食桡足类的桡足幼体；叉长81～90mm的鯷鱼主要摄食中华哲水蚤和桡足幼体；叉长91～100mm的鯷鱼主要摄食中华哲水蚤、胸刺水蚤、真刺水蚤等较大的桡足类；叉长101～120mm的鯷鱼主要摄食中华哲水蚤、胸剌水蚤、太平洋磷虾、细长脚域；叉长大于121mm的鯷鱼主要摄食太平洋磷虾和细长脚Song。 相似文献
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鱼类早期发育阶段摄食行为研究现状 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对鱼类早期阶段的摄食行为研究进行了综述。重点阐述了胃含物分析法、饥饿对摄食的影响、摄食器官的形态发育特征与摄食行为的关系、食物选择及其生理生态因子对摄食的作用。初步探讨了仔稚鱼饥饿后的捕食量和捕食速度的变化,并结合食物保障,分析了食物选择性指数I在鱼类摄食行为研究中的应用。 相似文献
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对全长８．５－１９９ｍｍ的尼罗非鲫的横，纵，水平向石蜡连续切片进行了系统观察，描述了口腔壁，颌齿，鳃，耙，前咽顶壁和上下咽摄食器官胚后发育的组织结构特征。探讨了该结构特征与摄食方式和食性转化的关系，并对该结构的发育特点与青鱼，鲢的作比较。 相似文献
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Radula development in abalone Haliotis discus hannai from larva to adult in relation to feeding transitions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT: The radula morphology of Haliotis discus hannai was examined by scanning electron microscope from the larval to the adult stage. The radula of competent larvae contained 11–13 transverse rows of teeth after 6–7 days at 20°C. The number of rows increased to 25–30 during the first several days after settlement, but then remained approximately constant throughout the post-larval period, increasing again in abalone larger than 4 mm in shell length (SL). In post-larvae < ~1 mm SL, only two pairs of lateral teeth (L1, L2) were present in the larval radula. An additional three pairs of lateral teeth (L3–L5) were added progressively as post-larvae grew from 0.9 mm to 1.9 mm SL. Marginal teeth were added steadily from one pair in larvae to 30–40 pairs at 3–4 mm SL, 70–80 pairs in 30–40 mm juveniles, and 70–90 pairs in 90–100 mm adults. The serrations on the working edges of the rachidian (R) and lateral teeth became less pronounced as the abalone grew. Nearly all serrations disappeared from the rachidian (R) and inner lateral teeth (L1, L2) by ~2 mm SL, and from the outer lateral teeth (L3–L5) by 20 mm SL. For abalone larger than 1.5 mm SL, the L3–L5 teeth became longer and more pointed, which increased the space between adjacent rows of teeth. Post-larvae < 1 mm SL had highly curved teeth with clearance angles of approximately or less than zero, whereas larger abalone had positive clearance angles. These radula developments appear to be related to transitions in feeding habits from microbial to macroalgal diets. 相似文献
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采用观察、测量、解剖和拍照的方法,对狼鳗(Anarrhichthys ocellatus)的外部形态、可数可量性状及消化系统、生殖系统进行研究,并描述了狼鳗的相关特征。结果显示,狼鳗体型为鳗形,整体呈黑色或灰黑色,头部、背部及背鳍鳍条上有若干似眼睛的黑色圆斑,体表无鳞。背鳍鳍条数为232~267,胸鳍鳍条数为15~22,臀鳍鳍条数为189~220,无腹鳍,背鳍和臀鳍因与尾鳍相连而无明显区分界限,侧线左右各2条,均不完整,雄性侧线点明显,而雌性侧线点不明显。上排侧线点数为18~25,下排侧线点数为76~85。上鳃耙数为49~70,下鳃耙数为55~73,脊椎骨数为232~271。全长/体长线性相关性最好,雌、雄差异很小,稳定性最好。头长/吻长、头长/眼径、体长/肠长的变化范围较大,雌、雄间差异较大,线性相关性差,可以作为区分狼鳗雌、雄的重要特征;狼鳗体重与体长关系:W=0.0337S12.4798(R2=0.9992),雌性:W=0.0326Si2.4864(R2=0.9990),雄性:W=0.0359Si2.4672(R2=0.9995)。消化系统由消化道和消化腺构成,口咽腔大,具颌齿,无腭齿、犁齿,咽喉齿发达;胃大,呈"Ⅰ"型,无幽门盲囊;肠短粗,比肠长为0.45;相关性状及特征显示狼鳗为肉食性鱼类。雌雄异体,卵巢(Ⅲ~Ⅳ)呈椭圆形,粉红色,左右对称,精巢(Ⅲ~Ⅳ)呈黄白色,"Y"形。 相似文献
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采用显微解剖和测量、光镜和扫描电镜观察方法，系统观测全长为５．６～３３０．０ｍｍ的青鱼标本３７０尾，描述了鳃耙、咽齿、角质垫和肠等消化器官数量性状在胚后发育过程中的变化规律；论述了青鱼的摄食特性、消化器官数量性状胚后发育的阶段性及其相关性、消化器官数量性状发育与食性转化，为制订培育青鱼苗种和饲养成鱼的生物学技术提供了可靠依据 相似文献
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长鳍篮子鱼的外形特征与消化系统结构 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
观察并描述了长鳍篮子鱼的外形特征,详细测量了200 ind长鳍篮子鱼的外部形态参数,进行了相关关系分析;并解剖观察了其消化系统结构特征。外部形态参数全长(LT)与体长(LB)、头长(LH)与体长(LB)、体长(LB)与体高(HB)、体重(W)与体长(LB)的相关关系分别为:LT=1.243LB+0.084(R2=0.994);LH=0.218LB+0.370(R2=0.972);LB=2.251HB+1.509(R2=0.896);W=0.011LB3.283(R2=0.991);消化系统结构特征为:口咽腔较小,颌齿发达;食道较短;胃Y形,幽门部肌肉发达,具有2~4个幽门盲囊;肠道细长,肠道系数(CI)为2.64±0.47;肝脏分左右两叶,左肝叶是右肝叶的5倍以上。胆囊位于体腔的后部,肝胆之间通过细长的胆囊管相连,胆囊距肝脏较远。 相似文献
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Tooth size and skin thickness in mature sockeye salmon: evidence for habitat constraints and variable investment between the sexes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract – Pacific salmon develop many sexually dimorphic features at maturity, and the extent of development varies among populations. In this study, we compared a suite of traits including body length, body depth, jaw length, tooth size and skin mass in male and female sockeye salmon breeding in beach and creek habitats. Both tooth size and skin mass varied positively with body length. Within each of the breeding habitats, males had longer teeth than females, and within each sex, beach spawners had longer teeth than creek spawners. Males also had heavier skin than females in each habitat but, unlike the case with tooth size, creek spawners showed a much stronger relationship between skin mass and body length than did beach spawners. Tooth length was positively related to jaw length and skin mass among individuals within a given sex and habitat. Taken together, these results suggested that variation in tooth size parallels variation in other sexually dimorphic traits. Males and beach spawners tend to exhibit large trait values relative to females and creek spawners, and 'well-endowed' individuals displayed high values of all traits rather than a trade-off as might occur if investment in one trait compromised investment in others. However, the finding that creek fish tended to have thicker skin for a given body length than did beach fish suggested that factors other than merely defense against conspecifics during battle, such as abrasion and desiccation resistance in small streams, may influence the evolution of skin mass in mature sockeye salmon. 相似文献
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采用HE和AB—PAS染色方法分别从组织学和组织化学方面对黄斑篮子鱼（Siganus oramin）消化道进行了研究。结果显示,黄斑篮子鱼口小,口咽腔不宽阔。上颌具细长、尖锐齿,下颌齿短,排列紧密。犁骨、腭骨和舌上无齿。鳃耙齿分叉,食道细长,胃部稍膨大,“V”型,幽门盲囊5～6条,肠长比为2．73。胃腺发达,为管状腺体,开口于胃小凹。幽门部粘膜褶高度降低,褶皱上开始出现类似肠绒毛结构。前肠均分布有许多长条形粘膜褶,空泡状杯状细胞丰富。依据AB—PAS的染色结果将该鱼}肖化道的粘液细胞分为4种类型：I型呈红色,Ⅱ型呈蓝色,Ⅲ型呈紫红色,Ⅳ型呈蓝紫色。食道以Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型为主,胃、肠道和幽门盲囊主要以Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型为主,后肠中Ⅱ型〉III型〉IV型,其中中肠和后肠Ⅱ型占总粘液细胞的比率最大。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: The effect of various tooth spacing on the contact selection and the net-mouth available selection of a dredge for the equilateral Venus clam Gomphina melanaegis is evaluated by applying a contact-probability model based on the SELECT method to the data of paired-gear tests with a control dredge of 12-mm tooth spacing and four test dredges of tooth spacing 16, 20, 24 and 35 mm. A master selection curve was estimated to be s ( R ) = exp(−11.23 R + 4.799)/(1 + exp[−11.23 R + 4.799]) where, R is l / d , the ratio of the shell length, l , to the tooth spacing, d . The shell width of 50% retention was slightly smaller than the tooth spacing, which means that size selectivity of teeth was a type of contact selection which was dependent on the tooth spacing. Contact probability, δ, of the clams coming into contact with the teeth were 0.625, 0.467, 0.563, 0.670 and 0.976 for tooth spacing 12, 16, 20, 24 and 35 mm, respectively. This indicates that some clams entered the dredge bagnet without contacting the teeth as the sand clogging the tooth spacing carried them into the bagnet. Available selection curve of the dredge net-mouth with teeth was obtained as δ s ( R ) + 1 − δ , and examined in terms of the legal landing size of the Venus clam. 相似文献