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1.
日粮蛋白质水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用5种蛋白质水平(0￣3周分别为19.44%、20.69%、21.56%、22.43%、23.26%;3～6周对应的为17.62%、18.78%、19.56%、20.34%、21.52%),研究了日粮蛋白质水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响。结果表明:日粮蛋白质水平对肉仔鸡增重和免疫功能均有显著影响,蛋白质不足或过量都将使肉鸡生产性能和免疫力下降,蛋白质不足比过量对肉鸡生长和免疫的更为不利。使肉鸡获得最大生产性能和最佳免疫力的蛋白质水平并不一致。本试验中,3周龄前获得最佳生产性能的蛋白质水平为22.43%,获得最佳免疫力的蛋白质水平为20.56%￣21.56%;3￣6周龄时二者基本一致为19.96%。 相似文献
2.
日粮营养水平对鸡免疫功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在生产过程中 ,由于传染性疾病、应激等因素的影响 ,常使鸡处于营养的临界状态 ,甚至营养不良 ,而营养不良又加重传染性疾病的发生。因此 ,为维持机体健康 ,提高生产性能 ,缓解种种应激因素的不利影响 ,对营养与鸡免疫力的关系进行了研究。本文就近年来有关日粮营养素水平对鸡免疫功能影响的研究作一综述。１氨基酸１．１蛋氨酸蛋氨酸是鸡饲料中第一限制性氨基酸。肉鸡日粮缺乏蛋氨酸时 ,产生抗体的能力降低。日粮蛋氨酸的水平与鸡免疫机能有着很重要的关系。Ｔｓｉａｇｂｅ（１９８７）在肉鸡日粮中分别添加０．０６３ % ,０．１２５ %和０… 相似文献
3.
日粮营养水平对鸡免疫功能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在生产过程中,由于传染性疾病、应激等因素的影响,常使鸡处于营养的临界状态,甚至营养不良,而营养不良又加重传染性疾病的发生。因此,为维持健康,提高生产性能,缓解种种应激因素的不利影响,近年来对营养与鸡免疫力的关系进行了研究。本文就近年来有关日粮营养素水平对鸡免疫功能影响的研究进行综述。 1氨基酸 1.1蛋氨酸 蛋氨酸是鸡饲料中第一限制性氨基酸。肉鸡日粮缺乏蛋氨酸时,产生抗体的能力降低。日粮蛋氨酸的水平与鸡的免疫机能有着很重要的关系。 Tsiagbe(1987)在肉鸡日粮中分别添加 0.063％、 0.125％和 0.25％的蛋氨… 相似文献
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为研究不同日粮蛋白质水平对定安鹅雏期生产性能的影响,选用144只1日龄定安鹅,随机分为3个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每重复12只鹅,分别饲喂不同蛋白质水平（18%、19%、20%）的日粮。结果表明,18%、19%、20%蛋白质水平日粮对定安鹅雏期生产性能的影响未达到显著差异水平（P＞0.05）,但20%组日增重最高,料肉比最低。除胸肌率外,其他屠宰性能指标均未达到显著差异水平（P＞0.05）,20%组最高,显著高于18%组（P＜0.05）。综合考虑,定安鹅雏期日粮能量水平为11.5 MJ/kg,蛋白质水平为20%时,能使其获得最佳生长性能。 相似文献
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不同营养水平饲粮中添加饲用复合酶对肉鸡生产性能的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
试验用360只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡,采用二因素D-饱和最优设计,考察不同营养水平饲粮及复合酶添加量对肉鸡生产性能和养分利用率的影响。饲粮营养水平在基础日粮的水平上用谷壳进行稀释,能量、蛋白质及氨基酸水平分别降低0%～11.51%;复合酶的添加量为0%～0.23%。复合酶制剂添加量和饲粮营养水平都是影响肉鸡生产性能的重要因素。降低饲粮营养水平显著降低肉鸡增重和饲料转化效率(P<0.05);复合酶制剂添加量对肉鸡的生产性能和养分利用率呈二次曲线关系(脂肪利用率除外)。复合酶的适宜添加量为0.1%。低营养水平时复合酶作用效果更大。复合酶的表观能值与营养水平有关,低营养水平时复合酶的表观能值越高。在本试验条件下,添加0.1%复合酶,饲粮营养水平可降低5%左右。 相似文献
8.
《中国兽医杂志》2018,(10)
为探讨补中益气汤发酵制剂对肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响,试验选取300只健康状况良好的7日龄艾拔益加肉仔鸡,空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,中药对照组在基础日粮中添加1%未发酵中药,试验1组和试验2组分别在基础日粮中添加0. 5%和1%发酵中药。结果表明,基础日粮中添加0. 5%补中益气汤发酵制剂一定时间后能显著提高肉鸡日增重;能显著降低肉鸡阶段料肉比,提高免疫器官指数和新城疫抗体效价,与空白对照组和中药对照组相比差异显著(P 0. 05);能显著提高一定日龄肉鸡血清中Ig G、Ig A和Ig M浓度。结论:在肉鸡日粮中添加补中益气汤发酵制剂,能显著提高肉鸡的生产性能和免疫功能,实际生产中在日粮中添加0. 5%量为宜。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究低蛋白日粮中添加木薯替代玉米对肉鸡生长性能、回肠蛋白质消化率和氮排泄的影响。试验选取600只1 d新兴黄鸡,随机分为6各组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。日粮设计3个蛋白质水平(100%、95%和90%)和两个能量原料(玉米、50%木薯替代玉米),试验期为42 d。结果显示:50%木薯替代玉米组的22~42 d肉鸡平均日采食量显著高于玉米组(P0.05),不同能量来源饲料原料和蛋白质水平对22~42 d肉鸡平均日采食量的影响具有显著交互效应(P0.05)。90%和95%蛋白组平均日采食量显著高于100%蛋白组(P0.05)。日粮蛋白质水平对1~42 d肉鸡末重、日增重和料重比影响显著(P0.05),而不同能量来源饲料原料对1~42 d肉鸡平均日采食量和料重比影响显著(P0.05)。50%木薯替代玉米组对1~42 d肉鸡料重比显著高于玉米组(P0.05)。日粮不同能量来源饲料原料和蛋白质水平对42 d肉鸡回肠蛋白消化率均影响显著(P0.05)。随着日粮蛋白质水平的升高,21、42 d肉鸡回肠蛋白消化率逐渐提高,玉米日粮组肉鸡蛋白消化率显著高于木薯组(P0.05)。日粮蛋白质水平显著影响肉鸡各阶段粪氮排泄(P0.05),其中,90%蛋白组粪氮排泄率显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。在本试验条件下,日粮蛋白质水平维持在95%NRC推荐水平,同时补充限制性氨基酸可以提高肉鸡生长性能和回肠蛋白质消化率。低蛋白日粮中添加50%木薯替代玉米对肉鸡的生长性能并无显著影响(P0.05)。 相似文献
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为了研究低代谢能日粮添加木聚糖酶对AA肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响,试验将木聚糖酶添加于玉米-杂粕、小麦-豆粕为主的低代谢能日粮中饲喂AA肉仔鸡,测定木聚糖酶对其生长性能的影响;经玫瑰花环试验测定其对肉鸡细胞免疫功能的影响,借此分析评估肉仔鸡的免疫状态。结果表明:木聚糖酶能显著提高肉仔鸡的生长性能;也能使肉仔鸡外周血T淋巴细胞免疫力升高,尤其是小麦-豆粕日粮中添加木聚糖酶可以显著提高肉仔鸡的免疫功能。 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献