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兽医昆虫驱避剂的合成及筛选 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以家蝇作为生物模型，对作者自己合成的４０个芳香化合物进行了筛选。结果表明，其中１５个化合物的百分驱避率与ＤＥＥＴ（１ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２）相似（Ｐ＞０．０５），８个化合物的有效驱避时间较ＤＥＥＴ长（Ｐ＜０．０５）。液体化合物的沸与活性间无明显相关性（Ｆ＝３．９８，ｄｆ＝３０，Ｐ＜０．０１）。 相似文献
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本文报告了３０个化合物对猫跳蚤驱避性实验的筛选结果。其中１０个化合物的驱避效果在７０％以上，经统计学分析，这１０个化合物对猫跳蚤的驱避效果与标准驱避化合物Ｄｅｅｔ基本相同。实验还表明驱避有效化合物对饥饿状态下猫跳蚤的驱避性呈下降趋势。观察１２个化合物的驱避持效期实验结果，Ｆｅｎｃｈｏｌｉｃａｃｉｄ等３个化合物的驱避活性在２０天内保持不变。实验中所筛选的１０个有效化合物为进一步筛选和评价新兽用驱避剂提供了后备化合物，它们的毒性有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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分子连接性法分析芳香羧酸类驱避剂的构效关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用分子连接性法,研究了芳香羧酸类化合物的分子结构与驱避活性之间的定量构效关系,并探讨了分子连接指数和化合物理化参数之间的相关性。结果表明,分子连接指数法可以定量地描述这类化合物的结构特征。其中１Ｘｖ 参数与立体参数ＭＲ相关显著,并与化合物的驱避活性有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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兽用昆虫驱避剂筛选方法的研究：引诱性对驱避剂活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以食物为引诱剂，观察不同饥饿状态的家蝇对已知驱避剂的反应。结果表明，随着家蝇饥饿时间的延长，食物对家蝇的引诱性增加，而驱避剂的活性相对降低。为了克服由于引诱性的差异给驱避剂的筛选带来的不利影响，提出了以百分驱避率Ｒ＝（Ｃ－Ｓ）／Ｃ×１００％来表示驱避剂的生物活性的大小。 相似文献
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橘皮油及其单体作为驱避剂的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
此项研究用不同浓度橘皮油在温室内对小白鼠作驱避蚊虫试验，１－２％者２－３ｈ，有驱避作用、５－７％者４有驱避作用，用不同驱避剂在自然环境和温室内对小白鼠作驱避蚊虫对比试验，结果：７％橘皮油、后水（ＰＲＡＮＢＯＷ，ＵＳＡ）和驱蚊露均有４－５display status 相似文献
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为研究大蒜素对鸡皮刺螨的驱避效果和持效时间，本试验使用滤纸片法进行体外试验，测定0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、3.0和4.0 mg/mL大蒜素溶液对鸡皮刺螨的驱避效果，并绘制驱避活性曲线；使用0.5%、1.0%、3.0%大蒜素水乳剂和长效驱避剂作为处理组，OFF驱蚊液和1.0%驱蚊酯长效驱避剂作为对照组，蒸馏水作为空白对照组，对不同浓度和剂型的大蒜素进行比较，在14 d内每2 d测定1次驱避率，并绘制驱避率变化曲线进行差异性分析。结果显示，大蒜素溶液驱避50%鸡皮刺螨时的大蒜素使用浓度(RC50)和驱避100%鸡皮刺螨时的大蒜素使用浓度(RC100)分别为1.98和3.74 mg/mL。随着大蒜素浓度增加，其驱避率升高，持效时间变长；3.0%大蒜素水乳剂在0～4 d内驱避效果优于0.5%和1.0%的大蒜素水乳剂，1.0%和3.0%大蒜素长效驱避剂在0～8 d内驱避效果优于0.5%大蒜素长效驱避剂。大蒜素长效驱避剂在相同时间内的驱避效果优于同浓度大蒜素水乳剂。与市售驱避剂相比，1.0%和3.0%大蒜素长效驱避剂驱避效果更好，且3.0%大蒜素长... 相似文献
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云南苦楝皮成分的分离鉴定及其对猪蛔虫成虫及虫卵的离体毒理研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从云南苦楝皮的氯仿提取物中分离得到4个化合物,根据理化性质、波谱特征鉴定为：苦楝萜酸甲酯（methyl kulonate）（Ⅰ）,川楝素（Toosendanin）（Ⅱ）,12-去乙酰基三唇素（12-Deacetyltrichilin）（Ⅲ）,β-谷甾醇（β-Sitosterol）（Ⅳ）。采用体外培养方法研究4种化合物体外对猪蛔虫虫卵和成虫的杀虫活性,同时与临床上常用驱猪蛔虫药进行比较,结果表明,苦楝皮中分离得到的4种化合物中只有川楝素体外对猪蛔虫成虫有较好的毒杀和抑制作用,其对成虫的LD50为26.9μg／ml,作用效果与左旋咪唑相当,但比伊维菌素、阿维菌素强2．0倍,但对猪蛔虫虫卵没有毒杀作用。同时进行活性试验的其他化合物对猪蛔虫成虫、幼虫和虫卵均没有明显的杀虫活性。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献