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1.
为了解禽流感病毒(AIV)在我国华南地区的流行情况,我们对活禽市场中分离得到的两株鸭源H6N8亚型AIV[A/duck/Fujian/S2191/2011 (H6N8) (FJ/191/11)和A/duck/Guizhou/S4035/2011 (H6N8) (GZ/035/11)]进行全基因序列测定,并进行其对SPF鸡和BALB/c小鼠的致病性试验.序列分析显示:HA裂解位点基序为339pQIETR ↓GLFG348,为低致病性AIV特征.内部基因分别源于两个国内流行的H6亚型病毒家系(ST339-like和HuN573-like).序列分析表明FJ/191/11和GZ/035/11为H6亚型病毒与其他亚型AIV的N8NA基因发生重组,呈现明显的异源性.两分离株的感染性试验显示,它们对鸡和小鼠均呈低致病性;而且不能在鸡体内有效复制;对小鼠的感染性实验结果显示,小鼠肺脏和鼻甲病毒分离结果为阳性,其他脏器病毒滴定结果为阴性.  相似文献   

2.
2012年在我国重庆市活禽交易市场进行流行病学调查时,从鸭体内分离到1株H5N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV),DK/CQ036/12(H5N2).为了解该株H5N2亚型AIV的生物学特性,本研究对其进行了全基因组分析及对SPF鸡和BALB/c小鼠的致病性试验.序列分析显示:HA裂解位点序列为341R-----346TRGLF350,为低致病性AIV特征.内部基因来源较复杂,与KD/CQ/036/12分离株的M基因NP基因同源性最高的病毒株均来自H4、H7等亚型分离株,呈明显的异源性.分离株的感染性试验显示,该分离株在鸡体内可以通过呼吸道和消化道向外排毒,但并不能在鸡体内有效的复制.对小鼠的感染性试验结果显示,仅在鼻甲和肺能检测到病毒存在,其他脏器病毒滴定结果为阴性,表明病毒对鸡和小鼠均呈低致病性.  相似文献   

3.
为了解H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的分子特征及其对家禽和哺乳动物小鼠的致病性,本研究对2020年分离到的两株H9N2亚型AIV:A/chicken/Jiangsu/S1625/2020(H9N2)(简称CK/JS/S1625/2020)株和A/duck/Sichuan/S1537/2020(H9N2)(简称DK/SC/S1537/2020)株,进行了基因组测序、序列分析及其对SPF鸡、鸭和BALB/c小鼠的致病力评价。同源性分析结果显示,两株病毒HA和NA基因的同源性分别为93.3%和95.8%,其编码氨基酸序列的同源性分别为95.4%和95.9%,同源性较低。且两株病毒HA蛋白裂解位点分别为~(333)PSRSSR↓GLF~(341)、~(333)PSRSNR↓GLF~(341),均不存在多个连续的碱性氨基酸,符合低致病性禽流感病毒(LPAIV)HA序列特征。两株病毒的HA蛋白均为典型的人源受体结合特征,即~(155)T、~(183)N和~(226)L。遗传演化分析结果显示,两株病毒的HA、NA基因均属于欧亚分支,但二者的亲缘关系较远。鸡感染性试验结果显示,CK/JS/S1625/2020株感染组鸡可通过喉头和泄殖腔向外界环境排毒。虽然在全部鸡的喉头中检测到了DK/SC/S1537/2020株,但仅在部分鸡的泄殖腔检测到了该病毒,且喉头的排毒量明显高于泄殖腔。鸡血清抗体检测结果显示,两株病毒感染鸡血清的HI抗体全部阳转,效价在1.128～1.2 048。表明,鸡源H9N2病毒比鸭源H9N2病毒在鸡体内的适应性和复制能力更强;鸭感染性试验结果显示,两株病毒均只能通过鸭的喉头向外界环境排毒,但病毒滴度均较低,且均不能在鸭体内有效复制;小鼠感染性试验结果显示,两株病毒仅能在小鼠的鼻甲中有效复制,而在小鼠的脑、脾脏和肾脏中均未检测到病毒。以上结果表明两株H9N2亚型AIV对家禽和小鼠均呈低致病力。本研究为进一步了解H9N2 AIV提供了一定的参考数据,有必要对自然界中传播的H9N2流感病毒持续监测和进化分析。  相似文献   

4.
为进一步了解2014年分离自我国南方野鸟粪便中的一株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)Wide Bird/Hu N/SC1400/2014(H9N2)(WB/400/14)的生物学特性,本研究对其进行全基因组序列测定、进化分析及SPF鸡、SPF鸭和BALB/c小鼠的感染性试验。序列分析显示:该分离株的HA裂解位点基序为333PAASDR↓GL340,其中不存在多个连续的碱性氨基酸,符合低致病性禽流感病毒(LPAIV)氨基酸序列特征。该分离株不同基因片段来源较复杂,分别与H9、H6、H4、H1、H11、H10、H3等多种亚型的LPAIV同源性较高,呈现明显的多样性。感染性试验显示,WB/400/14不能够在SPF鸡和小鼠体内有效复制,但病毒感染SPF鸭后能够在部分脏器中检测到病毒的存在,并且感染鸭能通够过咽喉和泄殖腔同时向外排毒,而同居感染鸭仅通过泄殖腔向外排毒,表明分离株在SPF鸭群中具有良好的水平传播能力。本研究为AIV的监测和防控提供实验依据。  相似文献   

5.
2009年在我国南方活禽交易市场进行流行病学调查时,从鸭体内分离到2株H4N3亚型禽流感病毒(AIV),DK/FJ/S1419/09(H4N3)(FJ/419/2009)和DK/HUN/S1010/09(H4N3)(HuN/010/2009)。为了解这2株H4N3亚型AIV的生物学特性,本研究对其进行全基因组分析及对小鼠致病性研究。结果显示:其HA基因来源于近两年流行的H4亚型病毒株,NA基因来源于其它亚型病毒株。内部基因来源较复杂,与FJ/419/2009内部基因同源性最高的病毒株均来自国内H5、H6等亚型分离株,但与HuN/010/2009同源的内部基因则差异较大,与PA、M和NS同源性最高的病毒株分别为A/wild/duck/Korea/UP122/2007(H1N1),A/muscovy/duck/Thailand/CU-LM1983/2009(H4N6)and A/avian/Japan 8KI0068/2008(H3N6)。用106EID50病毒剂量感染6周龄BALB/c小鼠,结果显示试验组小鼠感染后第3 d采脏器样品,仅在鼻甲和肺部能检测到病毒存在。以上数据表明,尽管这2株H4N3特殊亚型组合病毒来源复杂,但对小鼠的致病性较低。  相似文献   

6.
为了解鸭源H6N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的生物学特性,本研究对两株鸭源H6N2亚型AIV [A/duck/Hube/Sd061/2008(HB/061/08)和A/duck/Fujian/S2080/2009(FJ/080/09)]进行序列分析和致病性试验.序列分析显示:两株病毒的HA和NA基因均来源于我国近年流行的H6亚型病毒株,但是HB/061/08株的内部基因可能来源于H9、H5等其他亚型.与病毒株HB/061/08 NP、PA、PB2基因的核苷酸同源性最高的病毒株为A/environment/Hunan/2-84/2007(H9N2);与M、PB1和NS基因的核苷酸同源性最高的病毒株分别为A/duck/Zhejiang/11/2000(H5N1)、A/chicken/Hebei/7/2008(H9N2)和A/chicken/Henan/L1/2008(H9N2).两株病毒的抗原差异性较显著,相关系数为0.49;用106 EID50病毒剂量感染4周龄SPF鸡,结果显示FJ/080/09株不能感染鸡,而HB/061/08株在鸡体内能够高效复制,并通过咽喉和泄殖腔持续排毒.鸡群感染后第3d采取脏器样品,在气管和肺部能够检测到病毒存在,部分脏器和器官的组织学观察显示存在一定程度的病理变化.以上数据表明,H6亚型AIV在跨越不同宿主感染的传播过程中,对新宿主适应能力的差异导致对其致病性的差异.  相似文献   

7.
为了解 H6亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)在贵州地区的流行情况,本研究对2014年从贵州省三穗鸭体内分离鉴定出的1株H6N6亚型AIV (A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014) HA和NA基因进行了克隆和序列分析。结果显示,A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014的HA基因与华东地区2009年鸭源H6N6亚型AIV同源性最高,达97.5%,HA蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸序列为P-Q-I-E-T-R-G,符合低致病性AIV的分子特征;而NA基因则与福建2007年鸭源H6N6亚型AIV同源性最高,达98.2%;由遗传进化树分析结果可知,HA和NA基因在遗传进化关系上,与湖南毒株位于同一分支,而与2007年贵州分离的3株H6N6亚型AIV不处于同一分支,说明A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014与本地区的H6N6亚型AIV亲缘关系较远。本研究结果表明当前贵州地区H6N6亚型AIV存在明显的遗传多样性。  相似文献   

8.
为了解禽流感病毒(AIV)的变异情况,本研究对我国禽流感监测期间分离鉴定的两株鹅源AIVA/Goose/Guangdong/362/2009(H6N2)(GD/362/09)与A/Goose/Guangdong/244/2010(H6N2)(GD/244/10)进行全基因序列的测定和分析,并进行其对SPF鸡和BALB/c小鼠的致病性试验。序列分析显示:HA裂解位点的序列为339PQIETR↓GLFG348,表明两株病毒均为低致病力AIV。HA和NA的核苷酸同源性分别为84.5%和98.9%,另外,序列分析结果显示,GD/244/10的PA、M基因分别与高致病性AIV(HPAIV)A/aquatic bird/Korea/w74/2005(H5N2)和A/duck/Hong Kong/140/1998(H5N1)的同源性最高,表明其内部基因来源复杂,可能与H5 HPAIV发生重组或有共同的来源。病毒对动物的致病性试验结果显示:两株病毒均不能在鸡体内有效复制,在小鼠的肺脏能够有效复制,但在小鼠的鼻甲内只能检测到GD/244/10。  相似文献   

9.
为了解H11N3亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的生物学特性，本研究对2020年在福州市某活禽市场鸭中分离的一株H11N3亚型AIV进行了全基因组测序、遗传进化分析和对BALB/c小鼠的致病性试验。测序结果显示，分离株HA裂解位点为PAIASR↓GLF，符合低致病性AIV分子特征；HA蛋白226L和228S突变显示病毒具有结合人源受体(SAα-2,6 Gal)的特征性氨基酸。PB1、PA、NP和M1蛋白均出现对哺乳动物致病性增强的特征性氨基酸。遗传进化分析显示，H11N3 AIV的8个基因节段均属于欧亚分支，其HA基因与A/duck/Fujian/SD061/2017 (H11N3)株HA基因序列相似性最高，而NA基因与A/EN/Fujian/02754/2016 (H3N3)株NA基因序列相似性最高。该病毒内部基因分别与浙江、福建和云南等地鸭和鸡体内分离的H7N9、H7N7、H1N2、H7N2、H7N7和H9N6等亚型AIV相关基因高度同源。小鼠致病性试验结果显示，该病毒未经适应即可在小鼠鼻甲和肺脏中高效复制，表明该病毒株具备感染哺乳动物的能力。上...  相似文献   

10.
为了解H6亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)在贵州地区的遗传进化及致病特点,本研究对一株从健康三穗鸭体内分离鉴定的H6N6亚型AIVA/Sansui Sheldrake Duck/Guizhou/013/2014(H6N6)进行部分生物学特性测定、全基因组测序与遗传进化分析及动物感染试验。结果表明:分离株的HA裂解位点"339PQIETRG345"为非连续性的碱性氨基酸,其MDT为98.4 h,ICPI为0.415,符合低致病性AIV的特征。BLAST结果显示该分离株HA基因与A/chicken/Hunan/S41912/2009(H6N2)的核苷酸同源性最高(97.1%);NA基因与A/duck/Eastern China/48/2010(H6N6)的一致性最高(97.0%);而PB2基因与A/muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM755/2014(H5N6)的同源性达96.9%,M基因和NP基因则分别与A/duck/Jiangsu/4/2010(H3N6)和A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/04(H5N1)同源性最高。动物感染试验结果表明,感染鸭不表现明显的临床症状,咽喉和泄殖腔不存在排毒现象;鸭子感染后的第3 d、5 d及7 d部分组织脏器中可以检测到病毒复制,但病毒含量并不高。以上研究结果表明,贵州省内分离到的H6N6亚型AIV是一株弱毒株,其基因组可能是由H6N2、H5N6、H3N6、H5N1等多个亚型病毒重组而成。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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