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2株鱼源芽孢杆菌的生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
体外研究了2株分离自斜带石斑鱼肠道的芽孢杆菌(DE5和SE5)的生长曲线、对模拟胃肠道环境的耐受能力及对潜在致病菌的抑制效果.结果显示,SE5生长速度明显快于DE5,SE5培养4 h进入对数生长期,而DE5培养8 h进入对数生长期.人工胃液耐受试验表明,DE5对人工胃液(不同pH值、胃蛋白酶)的耐受能力较强,pH 2.0的人工胃液处理4 h,其活菌数超过104cfu/ml,pH 3.0和4.0的人工胃液对DE5的生长几乎没有影响;SE5对人工胃液的耐受能力相对较差,pH 2.0的人工胃液处理2 h后未检测到活菌,但pH 3.0和4.0的人工胃液处理4 h后SE5的活菌数超过105cfu/ml.SE5和DE5对人工肠液(不同质量分数胆盐、胰蛋白酶)均有很强的耐受能力,经含0.1%～0.7%胆盐的人工肠液处理3 h后,2株菌的存活数均超过107cfu/ml,且SE5的耐受能力略强于DE5.抑菌试验显示,2株芽孢杆菌对多株潜在致病菌具有一定抑制作用.因此,2株芽孢杆菌均具有生长速度较快,对胃肠道环境耐受能力强特点,且对潜在致病菌具有一定抑制效果,具有作为益生菌应用的潜力. 相似文献
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《南方水产科学》2019,(5)
该研究利用无菌操作技术对2株乳酸菌[乳酸菌S60 (干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei)和S72 (植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum)]开展了常规生化检测、药敏实验、体外抑菌实验和动物实验,验证了其作为渔用益生菌的可行性和安全性。结果显示,2株乳酸菌均能在pH为4.5和0.1%的胆盐环境中存活,对水产动物常见病原菌嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)等均有一定的抑制作用,且抑菌物质分析结果显示,其有效抑菌物质与其代谢过程中产生的有机酸类相关。安全性评价实验结果显示2株乳酸菌无分解明胶和溶血的能力。死亡统计和血液生化指标结果显示,高达1.0×10~9 CFU·mL~(-1)的活菌腹腔注射攻毒并未引起实验鱼类[异育银鲫(Carassius auratus)]的严重死亡和机体损伤。可见2株乳酸菌作为口服益生菌具有较高的安全性。此外,耐药特性研究表明,2株乳酸菌对所用药物中的氨基糖苷类和磺胺甲唑耐受能力强,对氨苄青霉素、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考和多西环素敏感。因此,2株乳酸菌的应用需要注意管理过程中药物的选择。 相似文献
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为筛选817肉鸡同源性乳酸菌菌株,从健康30日龄肉鸡盲肠内容物中分离出LB1、LB2、LB3和LB4四种疑似乳酸菌,经革兰氏染色镜检,生化分析及糖发酵试验进行鉴定,并通过耐酸性、耐胆盐性及抑菌性生理特性研究。结果表明:4种菌株均初步判定为乳酸菌属,LB3和LB4在0.3%胆盐浓度的菌落存活数显著高于其他菌株(p<0.05);LB4和LB1在pH4.0酸度的存活菌数显著高于其他菌株(p<0.05);LB4抑菌圈直径最大,抑菌效果最佳。经综合评定,LB4菌株生理特性最佳,可作为乳酸菌制剂菌种备选。 相似文献
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银鲫肠道内抑制嗜水气单胞菌的潜在益生菌筛选及其特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从养殖的银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)肠道中分离纯化得到60株具有不同特征的菌株,以嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)为指示菌,点种法初筛得到12株菌株,再通过牛津杯实验筛选出4株对嗜水气单胞菌有明显抑制作用(抑菌圈直径在14 mm以上)的益生菌疑似株,并进行了耐热试验、耐酸试验和人工肠液耐受试验,筛选出最符合益生菌功能特性的菌株YJ-9。该菌株在90℃高温水浴30 min后相对存活率为1.51%,在pH3的液体培养基中4 h内相对存活率为8.37%,活菌数都保持在106 CFU/mL以上,并且可以在人工模拟肠液中缓慢生长。在急性毒力实验中,10倍于实验剂量的菌株YJ-9对银鲫无毒,动物保护实验证明菌株YJ-9能有效增强银鲫对嗜水气单胞菌的免疫抵抗力,相对保护率达到80%。研究结果表明,菌株YJ-9可以作为一个新的饲用微生态制剂候选菌种。 相似文献
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采用纸片扩散法,系统测试了3株致病性拟态弧菌对8类23种抗菌药物的敏感性与联合用药的敏感性。结果显示:氨基糖甙类、头孢类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类等多种抗菌药物对病原弧菌均有抑制或杀死作用。庆大霉素与四环素类、头孢类、喹诺酮类、红霉素或氯霉素联用以及多粘菌素与头孢类、喹诺酮类、红霉素或氯霉素联用均表现出一定程度的累加或协同作用;同时,采用琼脂平板扩散法从9株非致病菌中筛选对致病性拟态弧菌具有拮抗作用的益生菌并对其抑菌活性进行测定。结果显示:HX-01和HX-05两株细菌的菌液和无细胞上清液对3株致病性拟态弧菌均具有拮抗作用。在拮抗菌—病原菌混合体系中,病原菌经24 h培养,菌数由原来的105CFU/mL增至2ⅹ108CFU/mL,但从第2天开始,随着拮抗菌产生的抗性产物浓度的增加,菌数快速下降,至第6天病原菌完全被杀死。而拮抗菌培养至第6天,菌数仍保持较高水平(2ⅹ107CFU/mL)。表明这两株拮抗菌对致病性拟态弧菌具有较强的拮抗作用。经数值鉴定法确定两株拮抗菌均为产碱杆菌。 相似文献
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分别采用紫外分光光度法和超高效液相色谱法研究强力霉素原料药与强力霉素壳聚糖纳米粒冻干粉的体内外释药特性。结果表明:强力霉素原料药在人工胃液、肠液和pH7.4磷酸缓冲液中的体外释放均可用零级动力学方程拟合,释放较快,在1h内能完全溶出;强力霉素壳聚糖纳米粒冻干粉具有显著的缓释特性,在各介质中的体外释放均可用双相动力学方程拟合,前期表现为快速释放,后期为缓慢释放,冻干粉在各介质中的释药速率从大到小依次为:pH2.0人工胃液>pH3.0人工胃液>pH4.0人工胃液>人工肠液>pH7.4磷酸盐缓冲液。强力霉素原料药包裹成强力霉素壳聚糖纳米粒冻干粉后,经(25±1)℃20mg/kg单剂量口灌,在斑点叉尾的药—时曲线由双峰变为单峰,在血浆中的血药峰浓度(Cmax)减小,峰值时间(Tmax)和消除半衰期(T1/2β)明显延长,药时曲线下面积(AUC)变大,是一种理想的强力霉素新剂型。 相似文献
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2017年5月,从山东东营刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖池塘底泥中分离获得49株乳酸菌。以刺参“腐皮综合征”的2株致病菌[灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)和假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens)]为指示菌进行拮抗作用实验,获得1株具有显著抑菌活性的乳酸菌CLY-5,对该菌株进行了生理生化实验、16S rDNA序列分析、生长特性及其对刺参的安全性研究。结果显示,菌株CLY-5对灿烂弧菌和假交替单胞菌具有较好的抑制作用,且菌株的胞内产物与胞外产物均具有抑菌效果,抑菌圈分别为20 、23 mm和27 、38 mm,胞外产物的拮抗作用优于胞内产物。利用该菌对刺参进行高浓度浸浴测试其安全性,浓度为1×109、1×108和1×107 CFU/ml,实验期间刺参状态良好,无死亡现象。16S rDNA序列分析表明,CLY-5与植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum NR117813.1)的相似性为100%,初步鉴定该菌株为植物乳杆菌。菌株CLY-5在30℃~44℃、pH 6~8范围内生长较快,20 h进入对数生长期,28~32 h达到生长高峰。筛选的植物乳杆菌具有良好的抑菌能力,且其生长特性适应刺参池塘的养殖环境,为刺参疾病的生态防控及乳酸菌资源的开发提供应用数据参考。 相似文献
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Zahra Geraylou Maarten P M Vanhove Caroline Souffreau Eugene Rurangwa Johan Buyse Frans Ollevier 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(2):341-352
To select and characterize potential probiotic bacteria from the gut microbiota of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), 129 strains isolated from the hindgut were screened for antagonistic activity against five fish pathogens. Ten isolates showed antagonism towards three or more pathogens. Nine of these isolates were Gram‐positive, belonging to Lactococcus (seven) and Bacillus (two), and a single strain belonging to the Gram‐negative Citrobacter. These inhibitory isolates were identified using genetic, phentotypic and biochemical traits, and further characterized by in vitro tests assessing the adhesion and growth in mucus and resistance to gastric and intestinal fluids. The candidate probiotics were determined to be non‐pathogenic through an in vivo study. Based on these assays, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis STG45 and STG81 showed the broadest inhibitory potential, a high viability in simulated gastrointestinal juice and the highest adhesion capacity to mucus. They were therefore selected as the most promising candidate probiotics. This is the first study screening probiotics among the gut microflora of Siberian sturgeon. 相似文献
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以多发性水产动物疾病的病原菌嗜水气单胞菌为宿主,从鳗鲡肠道中分离到一株噬菌力较强的蛭弧菌,命名为Bdm4。通过光学显微镜、相差显微镜和电子显微镜对蛭弧菌Bdm4进行革兰氏染色观察显示,蛭弧菌Bdm4为短杆状和长杆状的革兰氏阴性细菌,其大小约为0．3—0．4μm×1．2～1．5μm;菌有单根的极生长鞭毛。Bdm4对试验所选取的多种海淡水致病菌均有较强的裂解能力,而对所选用的益生菌则不能裂解;且其在鱼体表、鳃和肠道中能有效地消减致病菌,抑制致病菌的繁殖,同时有利于肠道乳酸杆菌数量的增长。 相似文献
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Autochthonous probiotic Lactobacillus sp. in the diet of bullfrog tadpoles Lithobates catesbeianus improves weight gain,feed conversion and gut microbiota 
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下载免费PDF全文 S.A. Pereira G.T. Jerônimo N. da Costa Marchiori H.M. de Oliveira M.S. Owatari G.F.A. Jesus P. Garcia F. do Nascimento Vieira M.L. Martins J.L.P. Mouriño 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(5):910-916
Dietary supplementation with probiotics in animal production is an alternative to antibiotics. In frog culture, studies involving native strains of probiotic bacteria and their effects on the performance and intestinal histology of farmed animals are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate a diet supplemented with Lactobacillus sp. in tadpoles of Lithobates catesbeianus. This randomized test was performed with two dietary treatments: non‐supplemented control diet and diet supplemented with Lactobacillus sp., with nine replications. The growth performance of Lactobacillus sp., including its bacterial enzymatic activity and stability in feed, as well as colonization and histology of the intestinal tract, was evaluated after 42 days of experimentation. Animals fed with a supplemented diet showed higher weight gain and concentration of lactic acid bacteria in the gut and lower feed conversion. No significant difference was observed in survival, total heterotrophic bacterial count or histological change in the gut between the two treatments. The Lactobacillus sp. strain was able to colonize the intestinal tract and feed and remain at a high concentration of 107 and 106 CFU g?1, respectively. It produced several enzymes, which might have contributed to the greater weight gain and lower feed conversion in the supplemented animals, thus demonstrating its probiotic potential for use as a dietary supplement in bullfrog tadpoles. 相似文献
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Antagonism against fish pathogens by cellular components and verification of probiotic properties in autochthonous bacteria isolated from the gut of an Indian major carp,Catla catla (Hamilton) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Probiotic potential of the autochthonous bacteria in catla, Catla catla has been evaluated through determination of antagonistic activity (in vitro) of the cellular components of gut bacteria against seven fish pathogens. Altogether 208 strains were isolated, inhibitory activity of the isolates was evaluated through cross‐streaking and 16 primarily selected antagonistic strains were confirmed using the double‐layer method. Four bacteria that showed antagonism against ≥4 pathogens were selected as putative probiotics. The intracellular, extracellular, whole‐cell and heat‐killed cell components exhibited bactericidal activity against the pathogens. In addition, the selected strains were capable of producing different extracellular enzymes, competent to grow in intestinal mucus and could tolerate diluted bile juice. Analysis of 16SrRNA partial gene sequence revealed that both the strains CC1FG2 and CC1FG4 were Bacillus methylotrophicus (KF559344 and KF559345), while the isolates CC1HG5 and CC2HG7 were Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii (KF559346) and Enterobacter hormaechei (KF559347) respectively. Bio‐safety evaluation through intra‐peritoneal injection of the isolates did not induce any pathological signs or mortalities in C. catla. The study confirmed probiotic properties of autochthonous gut bacteria in C. catla and demonstrated potential for using them as bio‐control agents. However, in vivo studies are essential to explore their efficacy in the commercial aquaculture. 相似文献
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自河口污泥中分离到两株有益菌,通过形态分析、革兰氏染色、生理生化测定、16S rRNA序列分析和系统发育树构建,其中一株鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),另一株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).建立了两株细菌的适宜生长条件,植物乳杆菌适宜生长pH为6.5、温度为30℃,枯草芽孢杆菌的适宜生长pH为6.0、温度为36℃.在实验室条件下,两株有益菌1∶1组合制剂对人工配制的海水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐的降解率分别达到了73.2％、58.0％和52.4％;池塘养殖环境下,其对养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐的降解率分别达到了86.3％、88.9％和68.3％,具有明显的水质净化效果.本研究结果可为建立两株有益菌的规模化发酵生产技术和生产应用奠定基础. 相似文献
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采用假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.) KL-3 2010和微小杆菌(Exiguobacterium sp.) KL-C2 2014作为益生菌,进行凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)投喂实验,研究上述菌株对带毒对虾的生长与存活的影响。假交替单胞菌KL-3 2010对致急性肝胰腺坏死副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahemolyticus) (VPAHPND 20130629002S01)有拮抗作用和胞外蛋白酶活性,微小杆菌KL-C2 2014有胞外蛋白酶活性。待试对虾经检测为白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、致急性肝胰腺坏死病副溶血弧菌(VPAHPND)和虾肝肠胞虫(EHP)弱阳性。经过为期60 d的养殖实验,结果显示,与投喂普通颗粒饲料的对照组相比,投喂假交替单胞菌KL-3 2010的对虾存活率提高了213%±43% (P<0.01);投喂微小杆菌KL-C2 2014的对虾平均生长率提高了105.5%±28.1% (P<0.05);交替投喂2株菌的对虾存活率提高了184%±52% (P<0.05),平均生长率提高了70.6%±32.8%。肠道可培养优势菌研究表明,2株益生菌的投喂显著影响了对虾肠道优势菌群的种类。本研究为带毒虾苗的养殖提供一种有效的病害防控和促生长的手段。 相似文献
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Microbial communities associated with early stages of intensively reared orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The gut microbiota plays key roles in the health and general welfare of fish larvae, the present study characterized the bacterial communities associated with grouper Epinephelus coioides larvae during a period of 22 days post hatch (DPH) in an intensive hatchery using both cultivation‐based and cultivation‐independent approaches. Both approaches confirmed that bacteria were present in the gut of larvae before and after the onset of exogenous feeding, and the number of cultiviable bacteria increased gradually from 2 DPH to 22 DPH. A more complex bacterial profile was present in larvae fed fertilizer oyster eggs for 4 days (8 DPH), probably as a result of the onset of exogenous feeding. Interestingly, similar internal microbiota were observed in larvae fed fertilized oyster eggs for 4 days (8 DPH) and rotifers for 2 weeks (22 DPH), although different microbial communities were present in the two feeds. This might suggest that the gut environment of E. coioides larvae selects for a common microbiota, which is more closely related with the rearing water than the two feeds. Therefore, bacterial community of the rearing water may play a critical role in the establishment of gut microbiota of fish larvae and more attention should be paid to its practical modulation by using probiotics. In addition, some potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Lactococcus spp., were the major components of the microbiota associated with fertilized oyster eggs, while these bacteria were not detected in larvae samples. 相似文献
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In the present study, we evaluated how dietary administration of host-derived Pediococcus sp. Ab1 has an effect on the abalone gut microbiota using a culture-dependent method and 16S rRNA gene library analysis. The culturable lactic acid bacteria number in the probiotic sample was 105 higher than that in the non-probiotic sample, and we speculate that this significant increase was due to colonization of Ab1 into abalone gut. The result of a culture-dependent method showed that the proportion of Vibrio halioticoli clade, which is known to be a beneficial resident bacterium to abalone, was much higher in the probiotic sample than in the non-probiotic sample. 16S rRNA gene clone sequences revealed that gut microbiota in the probiotic sample was obviously diverse compared to the non-probiotic sample, probably due to improvement of the gut environment by Ab1 colonization. In addition, some beneficial bacteria–like sequences such as V. halioticoli were only found in the probiotic sample. These results suggest that the dietary administration of Ab1 to abalone gut has a great effect on modulation of not only culturable but also unculturable gut microbiota. Our results are useful for future investigations into understanding the effect of probiotics on gut microbiota. 相似文献
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Lactic acid bacteria in fish: a review 总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39
Fish are continuously exposed to a wide range of microorganisms present in the environment, and the microbiota of fish have been the subject of several reviews. This review evaluates lactic acid bacteria in fish, and focuses on the several investigations that have demonstrated that Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Carnobacterium belong to the normal microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract in healthy fish. However, it is well known that the population level of lactic acid bacteria associated with the digestive tract is affected by nutritional and environmental factors like dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, chromic oxide, stress and salinity. Pathogenic lactic acid bacteria such as Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Carnobacterium and Lactococcus have been detected from ascites, kidney, liver, heart and spleen. Some antibiotic treatments and vaccinations have been proposed to cure or prevent these diseases that seem, however, to spread with the development of fish culture. It has also been reported that some lactic acid bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of fish can act as probiotics. These candidates are able to colonise the gut, and act antagonistic against Gram-negative fish pathogens. These harmless bacteriocin-producing strains may reduce the need to use antibiotics in future aquaculture. 相似文献
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Use of probiotic bacteria in the rearing of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pavlos Makridis Sílvia Martins João Reis & Maria Teresa Dinis 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(6):627-634
Three candidate probiotics, which had shown antimicrobial activity in vitro against two fish pathogens, were used in the rearing of Senegalese sole larvae and postlarvae. These probiotics improved the survival of starved sole yolk‐sac larvae. A feeding experiment of sole larvae and postlarvae comprised three treatments: A, B and C. Cultures of a Vibrio sp. (2J18) were added to treatment A, whereas a gram‐positive (J84) and a Shewanella sp. strain (2J27), were added to treatment B, while in a control treatment C no bacteria were added. Addition of bacteria in treatment B increased survival of larvae in the first phase of the experiment [0–20 days after hatching (DAH) (P<0.05)] and decreased the numbers of colony‐forming units (CFU) in larval gut 5 DAH compared with the control treatment (P<0.05). No differences were observed in survival (25–47%) during the second phase of the experiment (20–60 DAH). Nevertheless, the total numbers of CFU in fish gut 40 DAH were significantly lower in treatment B (P<0.05). The colonization rates of the added bacteria were the highest 5 and 11 DAH, and the highest average values reached were 65%, 82% and 17% of the total CFU count for the strains 2J18, 2J27 and J84 respectively. 相似文献