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1.
为进一步研究对虾抗病毒免疫方法,使用实验室动物病毒感染死亡率分析,研究传染性皮下及造血器官坏死病毒(IHHNV)和白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)在感染南美白对虾后的相互作用机制。结果显示,预感染IHHNV后的对虾在进行WSSV攻毒后,对虾的存活率得到了提高。荧光PCR检测病毒量的结果显示,预感染IHHNV再用WSSV攻毒,存活虾体内的IHHNV含量比死亡虾高。研究结果初步证明,IHHNV和WSSV在对虾体内存在相互作用机制,且IHHNV具有抑制WSSV复制的作用。  相似文献   

2.
为研究进口斑节对虾传染性皮下和造血器官坏死病毒(Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus,IHHNV)的风险,本文采用了世界动物卫生组织(OIE)2015版手册中推荐的PCR方法,对2015年从泰国输华的329批次斑节对虾进行了IHHNV检测分析。结果发现,其阳性率高达36.8%,且主要是感染1型和2型,以及风险不明的未知型。因此,来自泰国的斑节对虾具有较高的IHHNV传入风险,应加强针对IHHNV的进口监测,减少其对我国对虾养殖的影响。  相似文献   

3.
为了解天津市对虾养殖病害情况,2015—2016年从天津市的汉沽区、大港区、宁河区、静海区、津南区、西青区等对虾养殖主产区,采集养殖对虾及饵料生物等样品,应用PCR法进行对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒（IHHNV）检测。2015年共检测样品186份,IHHNV阳性率为16.13%;2016年检测样品340份,IHHNV阳性率为11.76%。在凡纳滨对虾的仔虾、幼虾、中成虾中均可检出IHHNV,2015年的阳性率分别为10.88%、27.27%、37.50%,2016年分别是4.63%、22.00%、28.30%,呈下降趋势。中成虾养殖阶段的IHHNV阳性率最高,仔虾阶段的最低。本研究对天津市对虾IHHNV综合防控措施的制定提供了参考。  相似文献   

4.
2010年4月至12月间,对广东沿海地区凡纳滨对虾高位池精养、土池半精养和滩涂混养三种养殖模式中的17口池塘进行了采样,检测对虾携带对虾白斑综合症病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)和传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus,IHHNV)状况。研究表明,养殖对虾均不同程度携带病毒,而且WSSV感染程度要大于IHHNV,养殖模式和养殖技术影响对虾感染病毒程度。水质生态调控技术和混养模式对对虾病毒性疾病控制有良好的作用,这为疾病的防治提供新的思路。  相似文献   

5.
为研究凡纳滨对虾免疫调节因子Rab蛋白在对虾机体的免疫调节过程中的作用机理,克隆了凡纳滨对虾Rab6A基因,并对其在感染对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)对虾不同组织中的表达情况进行了研究。根据日本对虾Rab蛋白基因设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法克隆了长为558bp的Rab6A基因的部分cDNA序列,其开放阅读框为442bp,可编码147个氨基酸,推算其分子质量约为16.977ku,理论等电点为4.828,Rab6A与其他物种的Rab基因比对发现,该基因氨基酸序列具有较高的保守性。半定量PCR结果显示,Rab基因在不同组织中的表达情况没有明显的组织特异性,肝胰腺中表达量比其他组织略高,而在感染IHHNV的对虾心脏、肝胰腺、肠道、胃、腮、肌肉、血液组织中比正常组织中表达量增加,表明Rab蛋白参与抗病毒免疫反应。  相似文献   

6.
为了解台州地区凡纳滨对虾白斑病毒(WSSV)、传染性皮下和造血器官坏死病病毒(IHHNV)、高致病性副溶血弧菌(AP)和虾肝肠胞虫(EHP)的流行情况,用PCR方法对2017年-2019年采集的337个样品进行病原检测.结果表明,2017年-2019年4种病原总体携带率EHP>IHHNV>AP>WSSV;IHHNV、A...  相似文献   

7.
实时荧光定量PCR法检测对虾皮下和造血器官坏死病毒   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
应用实时荧光定量PCR最常用的TaqMan探针技术设计了探针和引物,并且用质粒技术构建了含有传染性皮下及造血器官坏死病毒(IHHNV)基因片段的阳性质控品,建立了检测IHHNVV的实时荧光定量PCR方法。对影响PCR的主要因素进行了优化,Mg2+浓度、引物和探针浓度、退火温度等均对扩增效率有明显影响。当Mg2+浓度为3.0-4.5mmol,退火温度为59～60℃时可获得最佳扩增效果。灵敏性试验表明该反应可检测体系中10拷贝的病毒核酸;该体系检测IHHNV具有很高特异性;对临床样品检测结果表明,该方法能快速、准确地检测样品中的IHHNV。  相似文献   

8.
为了早期快速诊断近些年流行于国内的虾肝肠胞虫,根据GenBank中公布的虾肝肠胞虫EHP-SSU rDNA序列比对分析,在SSU基因内确定了一段156 bp的特异性较强的片段作为靶序列,设计并合成引物和探针,经过优化重组酶介导的核酸技术(Recombinase-aid-amplification,RAA)反应条件,建立快速检测虾肝肠胞虫的RAA恒温荧光检测方法。在RAA进行到24个循环反应时可以检测到的质粒最小浓度是10 copies/μL,相当于10个病毒粒子。利用该方法,从天然感染EHP的虾肝胰腺组织DNA中可以检测出片段,而健康的虾和感染了传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)、对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)和虾虹彩病毒(SIV)的组织则没有扩增条带。试验表明,本研究建立的RAA恒温荧光检测方法具有快速、成本低、特异性好、准确性高的特点,为大范围早期病害的快速检测提供了新方法。  相似文献   

9.
为研究复合营养素在天津地区凡纳滨对虾养殖中的实际应用效果,于2018年5月～9月在天津市西青区某养殖场开展了复合营养素在对虾养殖中的应用试验。通过对凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘水质及浮游生物的监测、对虾免疫相关酶活性的检测,评价复合营养素对对虾养殖的效果。结果显示,施用复合营养素的试验池亚硝酸盐氮降解迅速,养殖中后期试验池总菌数显著高于对照池(P0.05),水体微生物代谢活跃。养殖前中期,试验池浮游植物种类多以绿藻为主优势种,而对照池以蓝藻为主优势种。试验池浮游植物shannon-wiener多样性指数变化范围为1.85～2.74,均匀度指数变化范围为0.58～0.82,丰富度指数变化范围为2.29～3.74。免疫相关酶活性检测结果显示,试验组对虾血清中多酚氧化酶(PPO)、溶菌酶(LZM)活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05),肝胰腺中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。因此复合营养素可迅速降解对虾池塘亚硝酸盐氮,优化藻类组成,促进水体中微生物代谢,稳定水质及池塘生态系统,增强对虾免疫力,提高对虾产量,降低养殖成本。  相似文献   

10.
二十世纪80年代以来,世界沿海各国的对虾养殖业蓬勃发展,随着对虾养殖业的企业化发展,其病害也日益突出,特别是对虾病毒性的疫病已成为阻碍这一产业发展的重要因素.近年来的对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、黄头症病毒(YHV)、桃拉综合症病毒(TSV)和传染性皮下和造血器官坏死病病毒(IHHNV)等病毒性传染病在世界各地广泛流行,除给对虾养殖业带来严重经济损失之外,还对海洋资源的可持续发展造成巨大威胁,因此对虾病毒病的研究已成为当前世界虾病研究领域的焦点之一.本文就近年对虾病毒病的研究与动态进行概述,并对虾病毒病原体、传播途径、诊断技术和防治措施进行介绍.  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

16.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

17.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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19.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

20.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

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