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1.
不同家蚕品种血淋巴总SOD活力的差异及与生命力和产茧量性状的相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)是生物体内的一种重要氧自由基清除剂,并在一定程度上影响到生物体的抗逆能力。通过调查分析家蚕5龄幼虫血淋巴总SOD活力在不同地理系统、不同化性品种间和不同温湿度饲养条件下的差异,探讨通过测定5龄幼虫血淋巴总SOD活力,选择家蚕抗性品种育种材料的可行性。结果表明:常温下中系二化性品种5龄幼虫血淋巴的总SOD活力显著高于日系二化性品种和多化性品种;32℃高温、RH 95%处理一定时间后中系二化性普通品种和耐高温高湿品系总SOD活力显著升高,日系二化性普通品种和耐高温高湿品系则显著下降,但所有供试品种在35℃高温、RH 95%处理一定时间后血淋巴总SOD活力都显著低于常温常湿组。对5龄幼虫血淋巴的总SOD活力与幼虫生命率和虫蛹率的相关性统计分析表明二者之间呈显著正相关,而与茧层率之间无显著相关性。研究结果提示,5龄幼虫血淋巴总SOD活力可作为家蚕抗性育种材料选择的生化指标之一。 相似文献
2.
家蚕对质型多角体病毒感染抵抗性研究——Ⅱ.家蚕对质型多角体病毒感染抵抗性的配合力及遗传力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验以二化性品种为A组,以含多化性血统的二化性品种和多化性品种为B组,采用不完全双列杂交法配制32个组合(正、反交),估算家蚕对中肠型脓病抵抗性的配合力,遗传力.结果表明:亲本间抵抗性的一般配合力相对效应值,32个组合特殊配合力相对效应值差异达显著、极显著水准;亲本一般配合力相对效应值在含多化性血统的二化性品种及多化性品种之间的差异大于二化性品种之间的差异;组合特殊配合力相对效应值在同一品种的正反交中和同一品种与不同品种杂交中表现均不同;群体配合力方差分析,正交中一般配合力方差(Vg%)达76.63,特殊配合力方差(Vs%)为23.37.反交中一般配合力方差(Vg%)是45.12,特殊配合力方差(Vs%)为54.88.前者加性作用明显,后者非加性作用突出一些,遗传力的分析,正交广义遗传力为87.84%,狭义遗传力67.32%,反交广义遗传力97.06%,狭义遗传力43.79%,加性作用减弱,推测在抵抗性遗传中尚存在若干主效基因,彼此间有显性、上位等作用. 相似文献
3.
为探索抗氧化酶活性水平及变化与种茧耐贮性之间的关系，以7个二化性品种和1个一化性品种柞蚕种茧为试材，比较分析雌、雄蛹在低温贮藏不同时间后血淋巴总SOD、POD、CAT抗氧化酶活性变化情况。结果表明：低温贮藏期间，3种抗氧化酶活性变化趋势在化性、品种、性别间较为相似，但活性水平均存在显著性差异，一化性品种总SOD、POD活性显著高于二化性品种，CAT活性显著低于二化性品种，各二化性品种之间同样具有显著性差异；相较于春季出库期，二化一放出库期各二化性柞蚕品种种茧蛹体血淋巴3种抗氧化酶活性均发生显著下降，其中，大9雌蛹总SOD、POD、CAT活性下降幅度最小，且始终处于较高水平，凤久和辽蚕527的雄蛹3种抗氧化酶活性较高，说明大9的雌蛹耐贮性最强，凤久和辽蚕527的雄蛹耐贮性最强。研究结果可为柞蚕种茧耐低温贮藏研究与二化一放品种选育提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
滞育是家蚕生活史中的自然现象 ,由于家蚕的滞育特性不同而形成了其不同的化性 ,也就是确定了家蚕在自然条件下发生世代数的多少。家蚕的化性形成 ,既受遗传基因的控制 ,又受环境条件的影响[1] 。因此 ,家蚕的化性可以通过人为控制环境条件而控制其发展方向 ,使化性向着有利于蚕种生产的方向变化 ,为生产化性稳定的优质蚕种服务。1 家蚕化性形成的遗传机理家蚕的化性遗传具有母性遗传和部分伴性遗传的特性。母性遗传特性表现为 :母蛾所产卵的化性决定于母体的基因型及母体世代所处的环境条件 ,而与交配雄蛾的化性基因型无关。诸星根据多年… 相似文献
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6.
Chen Ping Zhu Yong Lu Cheng 《蚕学通讯》1999,(2)
本文以二化性品种为材料,采用不完全双列杂交法分析家蚕部分数量性状的遗传效应.分析得知:家蚕的幼虫生命率、虫蛹率、万蚕收茧量、全茧量、茧层量等性状具有显性效应,无上位性效应;茧层率性状既具有显性效应又具有上位性效应.系统间遗传分量和基因频率有的性状较一致,有的性状差异较大. 相似文献
7.
《蚕业科学》2015,(3)
在之前的试验中给家蚕多化性品种马富(MF)的蛹体注射滞育激素仍无法诱导其产下滞育卵,为探究其原因,从该品种5龄第3天幼虫头部组织克隆了滞育激素基因(Bm DH)的全长c DNA,BLAST比对显示该基因编码氨基酸序列与NCBI数据库中来自家蚕二化性品种大造的Bm DH氨基酸序列(Gen Bank登录号:BAA059713)的相似度为90.1%,但存在差异的序列不包含滞育激素作用的功能区域。运用半定量RT-PCR与实时荧光定量PCR技术检测Bm DH基因在3个不同化性家蚕品种蛹期头部和卵巢的转录水平存在差异,转录水平从高到低依次为二化性家蚕品种C108,多化性品种MF、尼斯塔里;Bm DH在多化性家蚕品种MF的5龄期雌性和雄性幼虫的头部、血液、生殖腺3个组织中有转录,在中肠、丝腺、马氏管、表皮、脂肪体5个组织中没有检测到转录。研究结果初步提示:家蚕无滞育现象可能与体内滞育激素不足有关;但多化性品种MF不能被蛹期体外注射滞育激素诱导产生滞育卵与Bm DH基因的转录表达水平并无直接的关系。 相似文献
8.
家蚕血液酯酶的生化遗传学研究——血液酯酶的类型及遗传 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法调查了87个地理品种血液酯酶的类型,遗传和分布获如下结果: 家蚕血液酯酶的基本类型可分为三个特性区,由Bes—1,Bes—2,Bes—3三对基因所控制。第一特性区由Bes—1,Bes—1°两等位酶基因控制,第2特性区由Bes—2F,Bes—2S二对等位酶基因支配,第3活性区为Bes—3F,Bes—3M,Bes—3S三对等位酶基因所支配。家蚕血液酯酶在不同地理品种间的分布有明显差异、中国一化性品种表现出典型的多型性,同时经聚类分析表明各地理品种均在不同水平上与中国一化性品种聚为一类,表明中国一化性品种在家蚕起源分源分化中具有重要地位。 相似文献
9.
家蚕品种选育的成就与发展方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在新中国成立后的60年间,家蚕新品种选育与推广经历了以自主育成的优良杂交品种替换地方土种、国外引进品种,以优质高产的多丝量白茧品种替换有色茧品种,以二化性品种以及导入多化性血缘的强健性品种替换一化性品种,以及亚热带蚕区以多丝量二化性品种替换多化性品种的发展历程。华东蚕区、华南蚕区、西南蚕区饲养的家蚕品种已进行了4次更新换代,家蚕新品种选育呈现多样化格局。今后家蚕新品种选育工作要充分应用家蚕基因组及功能基因研究的成果,在常规技术育种的基础上,开展分子标记辅助选择育种研究,选育出适应不同蚕区生态条件、特殊性状多样化能满足不同功能与用途需要、产量与品质性状优异的蚕品种,为推动传统蚕丝产业升级改造以及产业效益的提升奠定坚实的基础。 相似文献
10.
家蚕二化性品种产生生种和黑种是体内基因控制和环境影响共同作用的结果,研究含多化性血统的二化性家蚕品种生种的产生与外界环境之间关系对家蚕良种繁育具有重要现实指导意义。本文将从多年来从事蚕种生产中总结的生种发生规律入手分析生种发生与外界环境关系。认为温差变化是影响生种发生的重要因素;一般 相似文献
11.
Silva SV Soares AT Batista AM Almeida FC Nunes JF Peixoto CA Guerra MM 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(5):874-881
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effect of the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) to ram semen freezing extender. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected between groups regarding total motility (TM), straightness (STR) and wobble (WOB), for which the GSH 7 mM group had lesser TM and better STR than the other groups and the GSH 5 and 7 mM groups had higher wobble values than the control, SOD 25 and 100 U/ml groups. The ultrastructural analysis revealed that the acrosome was better preserved after freezing in the SOD 100 U/ml and GSH 2 and 5 mM (p < 0.05) groups than the other groups, whereas mitochondria in both the control group and the 7 mM GSH group suffered the greatest damage. The plasma membrane remained preserved after freezing, regardless of the group. For in vivo fertilization, the SOD group achieved better results than the GSH group (p > 0.05). It can therefore be concluded that the addition of SOD 100 U/ml and GSH 2 and 5 mM preserves the acrosome integrity of frozen ram spermatozoa, while the addition of SOD 100 U/ml to Tris egg-yolk extender offers protection to the membranes of sperm cells after thawing. 相似文献
12.
对10份鲜牛乳以98℃煮沸5min消毒后,用乳酸杆菌发酵制作酸乳,测定了发酵前后乳中SOD和T-AOC的活性变化。结果发酵前SOD活性和T-AOC分别为：54.44±10.37（U/mL）,4.86±2.06（U/mL）;发酵后SOD活性和T-AOC分别为：66.96±6.45（U/mL）,7.97±3.51（U/mL）。发酵乳SOD活性升高了23%,T-AOC升高了64%（P〈0.01）。 相似文献
13.
桑叶超氧物歧化酶（SOD）的研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
分别用高速冷冻离心法和低速室温离心法提取了桐乡青、湖桑１９７、团头荷叶白、尖头荷叶白４个品种的顶芽、第５位和第１０位叶以及蚕沙残桑叶的ＳＯＤ粗酶液，然后用ＮＢＴ光还原法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分别分析测定了它们的活性及其同工酶。试验结果表明：用高速冷冻离心法和低速室温离心法提取的ＳＯＤ，其活性无显著差异；同一叶位的桑叶ＳＯＤ活性在不同桑品种之间无显著差异；同一桑品种不同叶位的ＳＯＤ活性有显著差异；蚕沙残桑叶的ＳＯＤ活性与第１０位叶的ＳＯＤ活性相当。发现桑叶中有３～４种ＳＯＤ同工酶。 相似文献
14.
为探明燕麦对锶的富集能力和耐受机制,选取了4个燕麦品种(本德、白燕2号、白燕7号和定莜6号),施加不同浓度锶(0、25、100、500和1000 mg/kg)处理30 d,分析燕麦对锶的富集和分配特征、生长指标、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果显示:1)燕麦幼苗的根部和地上生物量都随着土壤中锶浓度的升高呈先增加后降低的趋势;2)各器官的富集浓度随着土壤中锶浓度的升高而增加,并表现为叶>根>茎。转运系数随着土壤中锶浓度的升高而降低,在1000 mg/kg时小于1,而在其他锶处理中均大于1。本德在25 mg/kg时的转运系数最高(2.026);3)高浓度锶增加了燕麦的MDA含量并抑制了POD活性,而SOD活性随着锶浓度增加而升高。结果表明,燕麦的根、茎、叶均能积累锶,叶片的富集能力最强。4个燕麦品种具有锶超富集植物的特征。低浓度锶可以诱导燕麦中抗氧化酶活性的增强,促进其生长;高浓度锶处理中SOD和CAT在清除活性氧中发挥重要作用。综合评价,本德可用于治理锶轻度污染地区,而定莜6号可用于治理锶重度污染地区,为燕麦用于锶污染地区的植物修复提供理论依据。 相似文献
15.
Malinowski E Smulski S Markiewicz H Kaczmarowski M 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2004,7(2):91-95
The purpose of the trial was to establish the effect of the injection of the lysozyme dimer or vitamins connected with Se on the activity of chosen antioxidant enzymes and the total antioxidant status in pregnant heifers. Examinations were carried out during winter season in one farm on 21 heifers aged 22-24 months. Between the 21st and 14st day before expected parturition, seven heifers were once i.m. injected with antioxidants (Vitamin A-600 000 i.u.; Vitamin D3-200 000 i.u.; Vitamin E-1.5 mg/kg b.w., Selenium-0.022 mg/kg b.w.), and the next seven animals with lysozyme dimer (Lydium-KLP) at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg b.w. versus 7 non-treated control animals. Blood samples were taken before injection and then in hour 24 and 72 after injection, and between, the 7th and 14th day after calving. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), glutathione reductase (GSHred) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured by colorimetric method with the use of Randox kits. The mean value of SOD activity 21-14 days before expected calving was 704.8 +/- 294.6 U/ml of whole blood, GSHpx 59222 +/- 23699 U/l of whole blood, GSHred 110.8 +/- 22.5 U/l and TAS 0.33 +/- 0.15 mmol/l of serum. These indicators did not change in the control group with the exception of a statistically insignificant decrease in SOD activity after parturition. Statistically significant increase in blood SOD activity was noted only in the first day after injection of vitamins combined with selenium. These antioxidants also caused an insignificant increase in blood GSHpx activity in 72 hour following the injection, and in the second week after calving (statistically significant). The injection of antioxidants or lysozyme dimer did not change the activity of blood GSHred. However, an increase in the TAS was found in hour 24 (non significant) and 72 (statistically significant) following the single injection of lysozyme dimer. 相似文献
16.
OBJECTIVE: To determine cytotoxic effects of activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and peroxynitrite on bovine mammary secretory epithelial cells before and after addition of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitors, and free-radical scavengers. SAMPLE POPULATION: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils from 3 lactating cows. PROCEDURE: Cells from the bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T were cultured. Monolayers were treated with activated bovine PMN, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1), 4-amino-benzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH), NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, histidine, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). At 24 hours, activity of lactate dehydrogenase in culture medium was used as a relative index of cell death. Tyrosine nitration of proteins in MAC-T cell lysates was determined by visual examination of immunoblots. RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide, PMA, and < or = 0.1 mM SIN-1 were not toxic to MAC-T cells. Activated PMN, > or = 6 mg of histidine/ml, and 0.5 mM SIN-1 were toxic. Together, histidine and 500,000 activated PMN/ml also were toxic. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine did not have an effect, but ABAH decreased PMN-mediated cytotoxicity. Ten and 50 U of SOD/ml protected MAC-T cells from cytotoxic effects of 0.5 mM SIN-1. Compared with control samples, nitration of MAC-T tyrosine residues decreased after addition of 500,000 PMN/ml or > or = 6 mg of histidine/ml. Superoxide dismutase increased and SIN-1 decreased tyrosine nitration of MAC-T cell proteins in a dose-responsive manner. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Peroxynitrite, MPO, and histidine are toxic to mammary secretory epithelial cells. Superoxide dismutase and inhibition of MPO activity mitigate these effects. Nitration of MAC-T cell tyrosine residues may be positively associated with viability. 相似文献
17.
利用盆栽试验,对白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)2份耐盐品种1212和83-160以及2份敏盐品种83-159和81-1进行苗期耐盐性研究,通过对存活率、株高、电导率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等指标的测定与分析,探讨盐胁迫下白三叶生长情况及保护酶活性的响应。结果表明:随着盐浓度的升高,4个品种的存活率和相对株高均呈显著下降趋势,电导率呈上升趋势。耐盐品种1212和83-160的存活率和相对株高均显著高于敏盐品种81-1和83-159,电导率则显著低于敏盐品种,说明敏盐品种在盐胁迫下细胞受损更严重。随着胁迫时间的延长SOD,POD和CAT活性均表现为先急剧上升后下降之后再上升的趋势,耐盐品种和敏盐品种变化差异显著,在盐胁迫后5 d和10 d时,耐盐品种的3种酶活性低于敏盐品种,而盐胁迫后20 d时,耐盐品种酶活性和敏盐品种趋于一致,这可能是由于盐胁迫前期敏盐品种比耐盐品种中积累了更多的活性氧而使诱导酶活性提高。 相似文献
18.
苜蓿斑蚜对三个苜蓿品种幼苗氧化酶的影响 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
采用室内人工接虫的方法,研究HA-3(高抗)、甘农三号(中抗)和Hunter River(低抗)3种不同抗蚜苜蓿品种受苜蓿斑蚜(Therioaphis trifolii Monell)为害幼苗初期植株叶片SOD、POD、PPO等酶活性的变化。结果表明:苜蓿斑蚜为害后,3个苜蓿品种的SOD、POD、PPO的活性都显著上升,且随着虫口密度的增加而增强;苜蓿品种之间的SOD、POD、PPO活性变化存在显著差异;虽然HA-3苜蓿正常植株的SOD活性较高,但由于甘农三号苜蓿受蚜虫胁迫后SOD活性增长量大,使蚜虫胁迫植株的SOD活性与HA-3苜蓿没有显著差异;POD和PPO的活性在3个苜蓿品种正常植株之间没有显著差异,受蚜虫胁迫后,HA-3苜蓿的POD和PPO活性较高,甘农三号苜蓿次之,Hunter River苜蓿较低;3个苜蓿品种SOD、POD、PPO活性变化的差异,基本反映了其田间抗蚜性的差异水平。此研究对苜蓿抗蚜品种的选育及对蚜虫的持续控制具有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
Miyamoto T Takahashi Y Oohashi T Sato K Oikawa S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(3):243-248
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and has a protective effect against oxidation of lipoproteins in mammals. We investigated PON1 enzyme activities in bovine serum and its distribution among bovine serum lipoproteins. Paraoxonase activity and arylesterase activity in serum (152 Holstein cows and 42 Japanese Blacks) were 275 +/- 55 U/ml and 130 +/- 27 U/ml (mean +/- SD), respectively. There was a high correlation (r=0.962) between the two enzyme activities, and the activity ratio of paraoxonase/arylesterase did not exhibit individual variation. More than 85% of both paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were detected in the HDL fraction separated by ultracentrifugation. The 43-kDa protein in the HDL fraction was identified as bovine PON1 by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. Bovine PON1 was purified by ultracentrifugation and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and an anti-bovine PON1 antiserum was developed. The concentration of PON1 protein determined by immunoblotting was closely correlated (r=0.976) with paraoxonase activity in serum. Bovine HDL was further fractionated into subpopulations, and the distribution of PON1 was examined. Paraoxonase activity and PON1 protein increased with decreasing HDL size and approximately 60% of total paraoxonase activity was distributed in the heavy HDL fraction. The different distributions of PON1 among HDL subpopulations might be concerned to the function and metabolism of bovine HDL. 相似文献