共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
半滑舌鳎性别特异微卫星标记的SCAR转化及其应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semiliaevis)性别控制与全雌育种相关研究需要一种快速、准确的性别特异分子标记。本研究通过对半滑舌鳎共显性性别特异微卫星标记筛选,得到Z、W染色体同源片段相差35bp的位点,对其进行克隆和测序,针对所得测序结果,重新设计引物进行序列特异扩增区间(sequence characterized amplified region,SCAR)转化,增大35 bp差异片段在扩增片段中的所占比例;并摸索得到4%琼脂糖凝胶,150 V,25 min为最适电泳条件,所得SCAR标记可在雌性个体中扩增出169和134 bp两种DNA条带,雄性个体中扩增出169 bp DNA条带,超雌个体中扩增出134 bp DNA条带;将其应用于生产实践中,对半滑舌鳎生理雄性亲鱼576尾进行快速检测,在保证存活的前提下,剔除了亲鱼中的100尾伪雄鱼,有助于提高后代的雌性比例。本研究所得半滑舌鳎性别特异SCAR标记,可用于实验室对半滑舌鳎雌性、雄性和超雌个体遗传性别的准确测定和养殖场简易环境下养殖亲鱼雄鱼中伪雄个体的快速检测。 相似文献
2.
半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)属于雌配子异形染色体性别决定机制(ZW/ZZ),其W染色体包含的大量重复序列阻碍了W染色体序列的精确组装.目前只有物理图谱可以有效地解决由重复序列所造成的组装难题.本研究在已有物理图谱和遗传图谱的基础上,利用3D(three-dimensional)-BAC(bacterial artificial chromosome)池构建和PCR筛选策略进行了性别连锁标记的物理定位.首先将所选44个384孔板的BAC克隆进行接种和预培养,再接种到4个96孔深孔板中.将每两个384孔微孔板的BAC克隆分别汇集获得相应的板池、行池和列池,在提取DNA后,再将相应板池的部分DNA混合得到超级池.最终构建的3D-BAC池,共包括22个超级池和440个基池,覆盖半滑舌鳎基因组4.2倍,完成一个阳性超级池的基池筛选只需24个反应(20个BAC基池和4个对照).然后选用159个半滑舌鳎性别连锁标记对这些克隆池进行两步PCR筛选.在对超级池的筛选中,有142个标记获得阳性扩增.对这些阳性超级池进行基池筛选后,最终有100个标记得到准确定位.定位到半滑舌鳎物理图谱的84个重叠群(contigs)和20个单个克隆(singletons)上,共计1 760个克隆,包含有21 927个共享条带,物理长度为42.4Mb,覆盖半滑舌鳎基因组约5.3％;确定一个定位关系(contig与标记之间的)平均使用了2.2个克隆.在这些标记中,有17个同时定位到了两个或两个以上的contigs上,有11个标记同时定位到contigs和singletons上.另外有19个contigs定位了2个或2个以上标记.这些性别连锁标记的物理定位将有助于半滑舌鳎性染色体基因组序列的精确组装. 相似文献
3.
半滑舌鳎（Cynoglossus semilaevis）成体雌雄差异较大,性别控制是提高半滑舌鳎养殖效益的有效手段,而实现性别控制的关键在于揭示半滑舌鳎的性别决定的遗传机制。半滑舌鳎的遗传性别决定方式为ZW型,这种性别决定方式可能存在多因子剂量效应,其性别决定不仅与性染色体有关,常染色体也会参与性别调控,遗传性别是性染色体和常染色体的协同作用的结果。本研究从数量性状基因座（quantitative trait loci,QTL）互作的角度来探讨半滑舌鳎遗传性别决定机制,将性别作为二项性状,利用半滑舌鳎高密度微卫星遗传连锁图谱,采用logistic回归模型扫描所有标记间的二阶组合对性别是否存在影响。研究结果发现,共有5个标记组合在P<0.05显著水平上被检测出来,其中组合SCAFFOLD1497459和SCAFFOLD785471905在P<0.01水平上显著;5个交互组合位于7个常染色体的9个标记当中,这些标记主要集中在连锁群2、10和11,其中连锁群10-11发现了两个差异显著的交互对,且两个交互对均有SCAFFOLD1497459,说明SCAFFOLD1497459可能在互作过程中具有较大的影响。研究表明这些标记附近的基因参与了半滑舌鳎的性别决定,也即常染色体可能参与其性别决定的过程,这对进一步研究半滑舌鳎的性别决定和性别控制具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
家禽的性别一般可以通过翻肛法或其他常规方法进行。翻肛方法对个体的应激较大,而且鹅、鸽等家禽进行翻肛鉴定错误率较高。本研究针对禽类性染色体上的染色质解螺旋蛋白DNA结合蛋白1(chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1,CHD1)基因,设计了一对引物g CHD,对鸡(Gallus gallus)、鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)、鹅(Anser anser)和鸽(Columba livia)的性染色体CHD1基因进行PCR扩增。扩增结果显示,雄性禽类只有一条带,雌性禽类有两条带,其中较长的带与雄性的条带位置相同。对扩增产物进行克隆测序,序列分析结果表明,较长的条带序列位于Z染色体,命名为CHD1-Z条带;较短的条带序列位于W染色体,命名为CHD1-W带。在鉴定的4个禽类物种中,CHD1-Z条带与CHD1-W条带大小相差均为150 bp左右,其缺失的序列位于内含子中。结果表明,设计的g CHD引物可以作为禽类的通用引物,通过扩增产物凝胶电泳后的条带数目可快速、准确地鉴定禽类的性别。该方法可以提前鉴定出禽类的性别,提高养殖效率;而且为特定性别的胚胎研究提供了可靠的性别鉴定手段。 相似文献
5.
蛋鸽早期性别的鉴定一直是制约蛋鸽业发展的瓶颈问题。在本研究中,我们采用PCR扩增和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测的方法,对20日龄期的100只蛋鸽的性别连锁基因染色体解旋酶DNA结合基因CHD（chromo-helicase DNA binding）进行跨内含子扩增检测。蛋鸽早期DNA分子电泳检测结果与成年后的真实性别核对结果表明：所有雌性蛋鸽扩增结果含有两条带,其大小分别为280bp和250bp,雄性蛋鸽仅有一条280bp的条带;泊松统计分析发现,蛋鸽早期DNA分子判定结果达到统计学上显著水平,可以作为蛋鸽早期性别鉴定的一种方法。本实验实现了以DNA分子为基础的早期蛋鸽性别鉴定,将对蛋鸽业早期的饲养成本降低和早期雄性蛋鸽的淘汰起到准确的指导作用。 相似文献
6.
应用牙釉蛋白(AML)基因鉴别牛早期胚胎性别 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
牛牙釉蛋白（AML）基因定位于牛X染色体和Y染色体上的同源区域.实验根据牛X、Y染色体AML基因第五内含子上序列同源性只有45.1%以及X、Y染色体该区段之间存在多处碱基缺失的特点,合成了1对性别特异性引物.该引物经扩增后母牛只得到1条467 bp的来自X染色体的扩增条带,而公牛能得到1条源自X染色体的467bp片段的扩增条带和1条源自Y染色体的341 bp的扩增条带.经基因组DNA验证,该引物的公母鉴定准确率为100%,同时该对引物具有高度的牛特异性.定量分析AML基因引物的反应灵敏度,发现1次PCR（30个循环）能扩增出0.5ng的基因组DNA,2次PCR（共50个循环）能扩增出20pg的基因组DNA.将AML基因引物与SRY基因引物的反应灵敏度相比较,结果表明前者的灵敏度比后者的高8～10倍.用AML基因反应体系鉴定了26枚优质胚胎,其中24枚有扩增结果,13枚鉴定为公牛,11枚鉴定为母牛. 相似文献
7.
利用羽毛对鸽子进行分子性别鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鸽子是一种单态鸟,并且是典型的"一夫一妻制",给配对和人工繁殖带来了很大的困难.以雏鸽(Columbalivia Gmelin)的羽毛为材料,采用PCR方法扩增染色体螺旋蛋白基因.结果显示,雏鸽羽毛可以提取出高质量的DNA,雄鸽仅有CHD-Z(450 bp)1条带,而雌鸽有CHD-W(380 bp)和CHD-Z(450 bp)2条带.这种性别鉴定技术准确,并且对动物无伤害性,在生产管理上有广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
8.
三重基序蛋白(the tripartite motif-containing protein,TRIM)家族是一类结构保守、进化快速的E3泛素蛋白连接酶,参与诸多重要的生命过程.TRIM36是TRIM家族的一员,trim36编码E3泛素蛋白连接酶.本研究在已完成的半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)全基因组测序及转录组测序的基础上,利用RACE技术克隆得到半滑舌鳎trim36基因(GenBank登录号:KU244470),序列全长为2 899 bp,其中ORF为2 214 bp,编码737个氨基酸,5’非翻译区(untranslated regions,UTR)为289 bp,3'UTR为396 bp.生物信息学分析显示,半滑舌鳎TRIM36蛋白包含1个锌指结构,2个B-BOX类型锌指蛋白结构域(B-Box-typezinc finger,BBOX),1个卷曲螺旋结构,1个羧基末端的纤连蛋白Ⅲ(fibronectin typeⅢ,FN3)结构域和1个双特异性蛋白激酶spla和兰尼碱受体(spla kinase and ryanodine receptor,SPRY)结构域.此外,在不同脊椎动物中,trim36基因与其邻近的基因具有保守的共线性关系.半定量RT-PCR及qRT-PCR结果显示,在半滑舌鳎不同组织中,trim36基因表达存在差异.trim36在卵巢中表达量最高,其次为雌、雄鱼的脑中;不同发育时期中,trim36基因在120日龄半滑舌鳎性腺中开始表达,且卵巢表达量显著高于精巢(P＜0.05).原位杂交结果显示,trim36基因杂交信号主要出现在Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期卵母细胞.trim36时空表达特征表明,其在卵巢腔的形成及Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期卵母细胞的形成中起重要作用.结果表明,trim36在性别发生方面有一定的作用,这为进一步研究鱼类ttim36基因功能及TRIM家族基因功能提供线索和参考. 相似文献
9.
鸡(Gallus gallus)是重要的模式生物和农业动物,性别是其主要的生长发育性状和经济性状.目前鸡性别决定和分化的分子机制还不十分清楚.已有研究证明,尽管鸡有明确分化的性染色体(ZZ/ZW),性别决定和分化主要由遗传决定,但其性腺和成体性别形成和分化一定程度受到环境因素,特别是机体性激素的调控和影响.此前对鸡性别决定和分化机制的解释,主要集中在W染色体显性效应与Z染色体剂量效应两个假说,分别有一定实验证据支持但都不能令人完全信服.本研究在阐述已有假说及其相关研究的基础上,重点介绍了表观遗传学在鸡性别决定和分化研究中取得的最新进展,以及新近发现的鸡性别决定的细胞自主性问题. 相似文献
10.
用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对泰国产方斑东风螺养殖群体的遗传多样性进行检测,从100个随机引物中筛选出21个引物对方斑东风螺的DNA进行扩增,结果表明:21个引物共检测到222条清晰且重复性好的条带,每个引物可扩增出4~16条带,分子量在200~2200bp之间,其中多态位点为156个,占70.27%;群体的Shannon多样性指数为0.2818,Nei基因多样性指数为0.2491;个体间最大遗传距离为0.291,最小遗传距离为0.066。通过与其他贝类遗传多样性的研究结果比较,可初步判断泰国产方斑东风螺养殖群体的遗传多样性比较丰富。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
16.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
19.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
20.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献