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1.
药用作物掌叶半夏组织培养及药物成份分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
药用作物掌叶半夏（ＰｉｎｅｌｌｉａｐｅｄａｔｉｓｅｃｔａＳｃｈｏｔｔ）的种子在附加２，４－Ｄ０．５－６．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ或Ｂ５培养基上均能诱导出大量愈伤组织，但２，４－Ｄ的浓度变化对愈伤组织的形成和生长无明显影响，且无分化现象。愈伤组织生长快，分散性好，适于悬浮培养。种子在附加ＮＡＡ０．１－４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上均能形成愈伤组织并分化出根和芽，随ＮＡＡ 相似文献
2.
大蒜发芽叶培养体细胞胚发生 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
将大蒜发芽叶培养于ＭＳ（１／２ＮＨ４ＮＯ３＿＋２，４－Ｄ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ上，形成愈伤组织。愈伤组织继代后，转移到ＭＳ（ＫＮＯ３２５２５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４１６５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，无ＮＨ４ＮＯ３）＋ＫＴ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋６－ＢＡ４ｍｇ／Ｌ＋Ａｄｅｎｉｎｅ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基上，２５天后，形成体细胞胚并能再生植株。其中，胚状体发生的必要条件是ＮＯ３／ＮＨ＾＋４＞１，ＫＴ／ 相似文献
3.
决明原生质体的分离与培养研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用决明（ＣａｓｉａｏｂｔｕｓｉｆｏｌｉａＬ．）子叶和下胚轴为材料,游离和培养原生质体。结果表明,１５日龄无菌苗的子叶和下胚轴比较适于游离原生质体,每１ｇ材料的原生质体产量高达１．６×１０４个;ＰｅｃｔｏｌｙａｓｅＹ－２３是分离原生质体所必需的;用含２,４－Ｄ０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ（以下单位同）,ＮＡＡ１．０与ＫＴ０．１的ＫＭ８Ｐ漂浮培养利于原生质体的分裂。培养４ｄ后,原生质体开始分裂,１５ｄ后其植板率约为１９．２％,３０ｄ形成了细胞团或小愈伤组织。增殖愈伤组织在分化培养基上培养,可分化出芽。芽在生根培养基上培养１４ｄ生根,从而再生决明小植株。 相似文献
4.
切花月季萨曼沙组织培养微繁的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以切花月季萨曼沙为外植体，成功地建立了该品种无性繁殖系和高效的培养体系，在ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基上芽的诱导率均在８０％以上；在１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ、１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ及１／２ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上，根的诱导率在８０％以上；生根试管苗经高湿度荫棚过渡锻炼后移栽成活率达９５％以上 相似文献
5.
培养基成分对红树莓不定芽分化会产生直接影响。试验结果表明：ＢＡ与ＩＢＡ配合使用诱导不定芽分化的效果优于ＫＴ与ＩＢＡ的配合使用和ＢＡ与ＩＡＡ和ＮＡＡ的配合使用。在１／２ＭＳ大量元素＋ＢＡ１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ分化培养基中，不定芽分化率大于８０％；当ＢＡ增加到２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，不定芽的分化率最高（９５．６％）；３０－５０ｇ／Ｌ的蔗糖以及ＮＨ４ＮＯ３与ＫＮＯ３的适当比例有助于红树莓不定芽的 相似文献
6.
斑潜蝇类害虫已成为我省乃至全国蔬菜上的主要害虫。国内检疫对象美洲斑潜蝇、贵州省补充检疫对南美洲斑潜蝇在贵阳市蔬菜地混合发生，为害作物２０多种，损失产量在５％～４０％，最严重的达７０％甚至绝收。为及早控制疫情，减少损失，我们选用了盐城辉丰（农药）集团、江苏省大丰农化厂生产的辉丰快克（２５％辛氰乳油）进行了防治试验，现将简报如下：１材料与方法１．１处理设置Ａ．辉丰快克４０ｍｌ／６６７ｍ２；Ｂ．辉丰快克５０ｍｌ／６６７ｍ２；Ｃ．辉丰快克６０ｍｌ／６６７ｍ２；Ｄ．杀虫双４００倍液；Ｅ．空白对照（清水）。… 相似文献
7.
用化学方法脱除赤霉病麦毒素的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对天然污染脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（ＤＯＮ）毒素的小麦,进行机械加工去皮和化学试剂处理脱毒。结果机械加工去皮可以去除２３．６％～３４．７％的ＤＯＮ毒素。化学试剂处理中,对麦粒的脱毒效果以０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ碳酸钠为最好,去毒效果达到８２．１％～８５．０％,平均为８３．９％;其次是１％亚硫酸氢钠,其ＤＯＮ降低率为６９．９％;４％过氧化氢和５％石灰水对ＤＯＮ降低率分别为４５．１％和２１．８％;对麸皮的脱毒效果也 相似文献
8.
棉花遗传转化和植株再生的研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
利用农杆菌（ＧＵＳ基因（β－葡萄糖苷酸酶基因）为标记基因，ＮＰＴⅡ为选择基因）用共培法对棉花下胚轴切段直接转化，在０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ２，４－Ｄ和０．１ｍｇ／ＬＫＴ的ＭＳ的培养基上共培４８ｈ，转移到加头孢霉素５００ｍｇ／Ｌ和５０～１００ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的上述培养基中诱导和筛选抗性愈伤组织，７０～８０天计算愈伤组织的诱导频率，并有组织化学定位法检测ＧＵＳ基因的表达，统计转化频率，结果表明：平均出愈率为４０ 相似文献
9.
铁氰化钾分光光度法测定单宁的适用性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了ＦｅＣｌ３—Ｋ３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６分光光度法测定植物单宁的适用性。结果表明，在ｐＨ＜２．２时的酸性介质中单宁－ＫＦｅ［Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６］最大吸收峰在６８０～７２０ｎｍ之间，绝大多数情况下吸收峰在６９５ｎｍ处，比色液单宁浓度在０～８０μｇ·ｍｌ－１时未形成沉淀前，遵守朗伯—比耳定律。时间变异系数每分钟±０．０５％，回收率９４．７％～１０５．２％，相对误差１．２％～５．３％。该方法受在酸性条件下能将Ｆｅ３＋还原为Ｆｅ２＋的物质和形成沉淀的物质干扰。测定结果与靛红—高锰酸钾滴淀法相接近。 相似文献
10.
新城疫-传染性支气管炎-减蛋综合症三联油乳剂苗的研制 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以ＮＤ Ｌa Sota株,呼吸道型,ＩＢ（ＲＩＢ）Ｈ１２０株或肾型ＩＢ（ＫＩＢ）ＳＮ９３０１株和ＥＤＳ ＸＮ９２０３株制苗毒株,分别经鸡胚和鸭胚增殖后甲醛灭活。灭活毒液依毒价按比例混合加入油佐剂中,乳化剂成“ＮＤ－ＲＩＢ－ＥＤＳ”和ＮＤ－ＫＩＢ－ＥＤＳ两种三联油乳剂苗。测试结果表明：三联疫苗安全性好,无毒副作用;乳化度、稳定性和通针性良好;免疫效果即,用三联苗免疫２０日龄鸡,免疫后１４、２８、５８d、ＮＤ、ＲＩＢ、ＫＩＢ、ＥＤＳ的ＨＩ抗体均可达７．０和９．２log2以上,于免疫后６０d用相应强毒攻击,８３．３％－１００％的鸡获有效保护。疫苗保护期长,常温避光１８０d和4℃左右３６０d,免疫效果与新制苗无明显差异。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
20.
Herbage yield trials are necessary to test if candidate varieties are well suited for organic conditions. In order to elucidate
a particular suitability for organic conditions, we run such trials in parallel under both organic and conventional conditions.
Here, we report on second and third year results of the sowings 2004 and 2005. These trials are part of a targeted breeding
programme for organic conditions. Irregular colonisation of pure grass plots with adventitious plants, in particular white
clover, was recognized as a major constraint to the quality of the results obtained under organic conditions. The coefficients
of variance in dry matter yield almost doubled when compared to conventional trials, and significant differences in annual
yield among varieties were rare. However, when herbage yield was corrected for the estimated fraction of adventitious plant
colonization at each cut, the number of instances with statistically significant differences for annual yield among varieties
increased more than fourfold. Dry matter yields under organic and conventional conditions were significantly and positively
correlated. However, analysis of variance showed a significant culture type by variety interaction for annual dry matter yield
in 12 out of 24 trials. When diploid and tetraploid varieties of the same Lolium species were tested in one common trial, only tetraploid varieties were identified as being particularly well suited for organic
conditions, while in these trials, the great majority of apparently poorly suited varieties were diploid. This suggests that
breeding tetraploid Lolium varieties is promising when aiming at a favourable response to organic agriculture. 相似文献