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1.
大丽轮枝菌拮抗细菌的分离与抗菌物质鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从黄萎病发病棉田未发病棉株根际土样中分离芽孢杆菌,利用对峙培养法对大丽轮枝菌进行平板拮抗实验,筛选出6株对大丽轮枝菌有拮抗作用的芽孢杆菌,其中3株菌发酵代谢产物具有抗菌活性。S4-3菌株发酵液滤液经100℃、30min热处理丧失抗菌活性,发酵液氯仿抽提物不具有抗菌活性,发酵液硫酸铵沉淀物有抑菌活性,但经蛋白酶处理后活性丧失,认为S4-3菌株抑菌活性物质是蛋白质。而菌株S4-5发酵液经100℃热处理后还有较高的抗菌活性,发酵液氯仿抽提物也具有抗菌活性,但硫酸铵沉淀物对病原菌无抑制作用;S5-6菌株发酵液滤液经100℃热处理丧失抗菌活性,硫酸铵沉淀物也不具有抗菌活性,而发酵液氯仿抽提物有抗菌活性,因此认为S4-5和S5-6菌株产生的抑菌物质不是蛋白质类。 相似文献
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棉花根部拮抗枯萎病菌或黄萎病菌的可培养内生细菌多样性分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为解析棉花内生细菌的种群结构,更好地开发利用生防内生细菌,以棉花枯萎病菌、黄萎病菌为指示病原真菌,对常抗棉和泗棉3号根部分离获得的内生细菌进行拮抗活性筛选,获得87株至少对其中1个指示病原真菌具有拮抗作用的内生细菌。ARDRA分析(Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis)和16S r DNA序列测定表明棉花根部可培养内生拮抗细菌可分为13个ARDRA类群,分属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacillus)、伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)、农杆菌属(Agrobacterium)、中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas)7个属。其中常抗棉根部内生拮抗细菌分属于芽孢杆菌属、短芽孢杆菌属、伯克霍尔德氏菌属和农杆菌属,而泗棉3号根部内生拮抗细菌则分属于芽孢杆菌属、伯克霍尔德氏菌属、中华根瘤菌属、不动杆菌属和假单孢菌属,二者的优势种群都是芽孢杆菌属细菌。BOX-PCR分析显示这些内生拮抗细菌具有丰富的遗传多样性。通过测定这些内生拮抗细菌对棉花黄萎病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的拮抗力大小,以及是否具有产纤维素酶、几丁质酶、蛋白酶和嗜铁素的活性,表明这些内生拮抗细菌具有不同的生防作用机制。 相似文献
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黄瓜枯萎病生防芽孢杆菌的定向筛选及其抑菌活性物质特性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究拟从北京郊区黄瓜根际土壤中定向筛选黄瓜枯萎病菌生防芽孢杆菌,并研究其抑菌活性物质的基本特性。采用热处理和形态观察结合平板对峙法定向筛选黄瓜枯萎病菌拮抗菌。从北京郊区黄瓜根际土壤中定向分离到63株产芽胞的菌株,从中筛选到2株对黄瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporium f.sp.cucumarinum Owen.）具有较好拮抗作用的菌株,命名为j-28和j-50。拮抗菌j-28对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌带达到11.0 mm。此外,拮抗菌j-28有较广的抑菌谱,对黄瓜灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）、马铃薯干腐病菌（Fusarium sulphureum）和茄子黄萎病菌（Verticilllium albo-atrum）等具有很强的拮抗作用。经过形态观察、理化分析和分子鉴定,j-28和j-50鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）。研究还发现拮抗菌j-28的发酵液经过高温和强酸碱处理后抑菌效果会明显减弱,说明拮抗菌j-28产生的主要抑菌活性物质可能是蛋白类。笔者定向筛选到针对北京郊区多发的黄瓜枯萎病菌拮抗菌枯草芽孢杆菌j-28,具有潜在的应用价值,为今后北京郊区黄瓜枯萎病菌的防治提供新的生物防治资源。 相似文献
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《棉花学报》2017,(6)
【目的】获得能够防治黄萎病菌的棉花内生芽孢杆菌。【方法】将棉株组织研磨液80℃加热后,采用涂板法分离内生菌,将对大丽轮枝菌强致病力菌株Vd084拮抗效果最好的菌株,依据菌体形态、生理生化特征、16S rRNA、gyrB和rpoB基因序列分析进行鉴定,并以盆栽试验确定其对棉花黄萎病的防效。【结果】分离到61株芽孢杆菌类似菌,其中17株能拮抗大丽轮枝菌。复筛得到1株拮抗活性较高、抑菌谱较广的菌株LH-L3。该菌株被鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌。与无菌水对照相比,用106 mL~(-1)的LH-L3菌液浇灌3次的棉花出苗率、株高、根长、地上以及地下部分鲜物质质量分别提高42.85%、10.24%、23.83%、10.05%、97.62%,对棉花黄萎病的防治效果达到85.24%。【结论】菌株LH-L3有较好的促生长和棉花黄萎病防治的效果,具有进一步开发应用潜力。 相似文献
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生防细菌NCD-2突变体构建及抑菌功能基因的防病作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
生防细菌NCD-2是一株枯草芽孢杆菌菌株,该菌株通过分泌抑菌肽而对棉花黄萎病病原菌和棉花立枯病病原菌起到抑制作用。本研究着重通过原生质体法与诱导转座方法,建立了携带转座子Tn917质粒pTV1对枯草芽孢杆菌NCD-2野生菌株的转化体系与转座子突变技术,获得1500多个转座子插入突变子。通过测定这些突变子对大丽轮枝菌的抑制作用,筛选到2个抗生作用丧失的抑菌功能缺失的突变子。室内盆栽试验结果表明这2个抑菌功能缺失突变子对棉花立枯病的防效显著低于野生菌株,说明NCD-2野生菌株产生的抑菌肽在该菌株防治棉花立枯病中起到主要作用,进而说明编码该抑菌肽的基因在该菌株防治棉花立枯病中具有重要作用。 相似文献
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金龟子绿僵菌对棉花枯萎病菌的拮抗作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实验室条件下,研究了虫生真菌金龟子绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)对棉花枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporium f.sp.vasinfectum)的拮抗作用及其机制。对峙培养结果表明,金龟子绿僵菌的3个供试菌株对3株枯萎病菌均有抑制作用,其中以Ma55抑制效果最好。在培养基中加入Ma55不同浓度的孢子悬浮液,当浓度为3.25×106 cfu.mL-1时,5 d后,对3株枯萎病菌菌丝生长的抑制率均超过70%。Ma55液体振荡培养20 d获得的无菌发酵液对3个枯萎病菌菌株菌丝生长的抑制率分别达到59.86%、56.99%和57.09%,对它们的分生孢子产生及分生孢子萌发也都具有显著的抑制作用。显微镜观察未发现金龟子绿僵菌与棉花枯萎病菌菌丝间有重寄生现象。上述结果显示,金龟子绿僵菌对供试棉花枯萎病菌的拮抗机制主要是营养竞争、空间竞争及抗生作用。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
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Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
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Herbage yield trials are necessary to test if candidate varieties are well suited for organic conditions. In order to elucidate
a particular suitability for organic conditions, we run such trials in parallel under both organic and conventional conditions.
Here, we report on second and third year results of the sowings 2004 and 2005. These trials are part of a targeted breeding
programme for organic conditions. Irregular colonisation of pure grass plots with adventitious plants, in particular white
clover, was recognized as a major constraint to the quality of the results obtained under organic conditions. The coefficients
of variance in dry matter yield almost doubled when compared to conventional trials, and significant differences in annual
yield among varieties were rare. However, when herbage yield was corrected for the estimated fraction of adventitious plant
colonization at each cut, the number of instances with statistically significant differences for annual yield among varieties
increased more than fourfold. Dry matter yields under organic and conventional conditions were significantly and positively
correlated. However, analysis of variance showed a significant culture type by variety interaction for annual dry matter yield
in 12 out of 24 trials. When diploid and tetraploid varieties of the same Lolium species were tested in one common trial, only tetraploid varieties were identified as being particularly well suited for organic
conditions, while in these trials, the great majority of apparently poorly suited varieties were diploid. This suggests that
breeding tetraploid Lolium varieties is promising when aiming at a favourable response to organic agriculture. 相似文献