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1.
应用响应面法对超声波辅助提取黄瓜皮多酚的工艺进行优化,并对多酚的抗氧化活性进行了研究。以多酚提取率为响应值,选取超声温度、乙醇浓度、液料比、超声时间为自变量,应用Box-Behnken对试验进行设计和响应面优化,并通过多酚对羟自由基(·OH)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)的清除效果来评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,黄瓜皮多酚的最佳提取工艺为:超声温度65℃,乙醇浓度62%,液料比26∶1(mL/g),超声时间31 min。在此条件下,测得多酚提取率实际值为(10.29±0.14)mg/g,理论值和实际值相对误差是0.39%,由此可以说明应用响应面法所得到的提取工艺参数可行性强、可靠性高。黄瓜皮多酚对·OH和DPPH·清除率的IC50值分别为116.60 mg/L和57.41 mg/L,表明黄瓜皮多酚具有较好的抗氧化活性,且抗氧化活性与多酚浓度呈正相关,该研究为将黄瓜皮多酚开发成天然抗氧剂提供理论基础。 相似文献
2.
羊栖菜中多酚的提取制备及体外抗氧化活性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究羊栖菜多酚的提取工艺及其体外抗氧化活性,在单因素试验的基础上,以多酚浸出率为响应值,采用响应面法优化羊栖菜多酚提取工艺,并考察其对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基的清除能力以及总抗氧化能力。结果表明:在温度为70℃,乙醇浓度为40%,浸提时间46 min,液料比20:1,羊栖菜多酚的浸出率为4.048%;粗提液经XDA-7大孔树脂柱层析分离纯化其纯度为61.86%;羊栖菜多酚对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基清除作用的IC50分别为6.65、6000、125.42μg/m L,总抗氧化能力为65.04 U/mg。该结果表明:羊栖菜多酚是一种极具开发潜力的天然抗氧化剂。 相似文献
3.
新疆孜然黄酮超声提取及抗氧化作用研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
探讨新疆孜然黄酮的最佳提取工艺,并考察新疆孜然黄酮的抗氧化活性。采用超声波提取法,分别考察了溶剂浓度、料液比、超声时间、超声功率对结果的影响。选用L9(34)正交试验对黄酮的提取工艺进行研究。并采用总还原力法和DPPH法,测定了新疆孜然的抗氧化活性。孜然中黄酮的最佳提取工艺参数为：70%乙醇浓度,料液比1:35,超声提取时间80 min,超声提取功率125W。正交试验中影响黄酮得率的因素依次为：超声功率,料液比,溶剂浓度,提取时间。抗氧化活性试验结果显示,孜然总黄酮具有较好的总还原力,并对DPPH自由基的清除作用明显,IC50值为0.109 mg/mL。超声提取是一种理想的提取方法,新疆孜然黄酮作为抗氧化剂具有很大的开发应用价值。 相似文献
4.
藤三七总黄酮的超声波辅助提取及其抗氧化性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以藤三七为原料,采用超声波辅助提取总黄酮,利用正交试验优化其提取工艺,并从清除羟基自由基(·OH)、1,1-苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的能力3个角度评价其抗氧化性。结果表明,超声波辅助提取藤三七总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数80%,液料比40∶1(m L/g),超声时间60 min,超声温度40℃。在该条件下,总黄酮平均提取率为18.51%。超声波辅助提取的总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化性,对·OH、DPPH·、O2-·清除作用明显,且其质量浓度与抗氧化活性呈量效关系,是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂。 相似文献
5.
蓝莓花色苷提取工艺及其抗氧化性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以蓝莓为原料,采用溶剂萃取法提取蓝莓花色苷,通过单因素和正交试验确定其最佳提取工艺条件。并以VC为对照,研究花色苷清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)、DPPH自由基、羟自由基(·OH)和抗油脂氧化、还原力等抗氧化活性。结果表明,溶剂法提取蓝莓花色苷的最佳工艺条件为:提取溶剂80%乙醇,液料比15∶1(m L·g-1),p H 3,温度40℃,提取70 min,蓝莓花色苷的色价最高。蓝莓花色苷具有很好的抗氧化性,其抗氧化能力随浓度的增大而提高,花色苷对油脂的抗氧化能力比VC的效果稍好;花色苷的还原力低于同浓度的VC,VC的还原力是花色苷的1.7倍;0.1%和0.5%的花色苷对·OH的清除率高于相同浓度的VC,但是0.2%~0.4%浓度的VC比相同浓度花色苷的效果稍好;相同浓度下,VC对O2-·的清除能力明显好于花色苷,是花色苷的1.54倍;蓝莓花色苷对DPPH自由基的清除效果好于同浓度的VC,是VC的1.07倍。 相似文献
6.
为了优化玉米苞叶多酚微波辅助提取工艺及研究其抗氧化性,本研究以多酚提取率为指标,在分别考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、微波功率和微波时间对玉米苞叶多酚提取影响的基础上,进行响应面设计实验,并以对·OH和DPPH·的半清除率(IC50)评价玉米苞叶多酚的抗氧化性。结果显示,玉米苞叶多酚微波辅助提取的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数50%、料液比1∶40(g/mL)、微波功率390 W,微波时间60 s。该工艺条件下,玉米苞叶多酚提取率为2.647 mg/g,与模型理论预测值(2.673 mg/g)的相对误差仅为0.98%,表明该工艺稳定、可靠。玉米苞叶多酚与BHT对·OH的IC50分别为4.28μg/mL和23.41μg/mL,对DPPH·的IC50分别为5.84μg/mL和27.57μg/mL,表明玉米苞叶多酚具有较强的抗氧化性。本研究为玉米苞叶多酚的提取及其抗氧化活性的深入研究提供了依据。 相似文献
7.
为了研究富硒菊芋多糖的提取工艺及其体外抗氧化活性,本研究以亚硒酸钠为硒源,采用盆栽施硒法对菊芋进行富硒培养;利用超声辅助法,在单因素试验的基础上,应用响应面法优化富硒菊芋多糖提取的影响因素（超声时间、超声功率和液料比）;在此基础上,探究富硒前后菊芋多糖对羟自由基(·OH)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine, DPPH)自由基及超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)清除率的影响。结果表明：菊芋能够吸收无机硒将其转化为有机硒;富硒菊芋多糖的最佳提取条件为超声时间(60 min)、超声功率(450 W)和液料比[25:1(mL/g)],硒多糖提取率最高(13.52%);富硒菊芋多糖(Se-Inulin)和普通菊糖(Inulin)对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基及超氧自由基的清除活性均呈现出良好的量效关系,最大清除率可分别达到80.34%、89.19%与88.54%,Se-Inulin的抗氧化活性优于Inulin。本研究为富硒菊芋产品的开发提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
8.
为优化益智总黄酮超声辅助提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性,以益智总黄酮提取率为指标,在单因素试验考察甲醇浓度、超声时间及液料比对总黄酮提取率影响的基础上,采用响应面试验设计优化了超声辅助提取工艺,利用DPPH自由基法、ABTS自由基法和FRAP法评价了其体外抗氧化活性,并分析了益智总黄酮含量与其抗氧化活性的相关性.结果表明,益智总黄酮超声辅助提取最佳工艺为:甲醇浓度100％,超声时间20 min,液料比25:1(mL/g),该条件下益智总黄酮提取率达0.757％.益智体外具有较强的抗氧化活性,其清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的IC50值分别在0.851～3.188 mg/mL(相当于生药)、0.642～1.789 mg/mL(相当于生药)之间,FRAP值在0.029～0.111 mmol/L之间,总黄酮含量与清除DPPH自由基的IC50值和总抗氧化能力FRAP值呈显著相关(P<0.05),但与清除ABTS自由基IC50值相关性不显著. 相似文献
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10.
为明确双水相系统对玫瑰茄活性成分的提取及其抗氧化活性的影响,本研究以玫瑰茄为材料,采用乙醇-(NH4)2SO4双水相系统提取玫瑰茄活性成分多酚和总黄酮。根据单因子测试结果,制定相应的测定方法,优化多酚和总黄酮的提取方法。进行体外抗氧化活性实验,研究了在最佳的提取工艺下玫瑰茄提取物DPPH自由基的清除率。结果显示,乙醇体积分数为40%,(NH4)2SO4质量浓度为0.24g/m L,液料比为40∶1(mL/g),提取温度41.5℃,提取时间26.5min,多酚和总黄酮提取量最高,依次为(22.93±0.02) mg/g和(39.27±0.01) mg/g,与预测值接近;玫瑰茄多酚及总黄酮提取物、维生素C清除DPPH自由基的IC50值分别为21.76和30.02μg/m L,总抗氧化能力优于维生素C。本研究结果有助于实现玫瑰茄资源的综合高效利用。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
16.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
17.
Summary
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases. 相似文献
18.
J. T. Fletcher 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):33-49
Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office. 相似文献
19.
Relation between wheat-rye crossability and seed set of common wheat after pollination with other species in the Hordeae 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) of high wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) crossability set more seed with pollen of other related species than did wheats of low wheat-rye crossability. This was found to be true for pollen parents from the genera Triticum, Aegilops, Secale, Agropyron and Elymus. 相似文献
20.
Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献