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1.
喀什‘灰枣’‘骏枣’果实主要营养物质相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究喀什红枣果实主要营养物质间的相关性,以5年生喀什‘灰枣’和‘骏枣’为对象,测定成熟期果实矿质元素、总糖、总酸和维生素C含量。‘灰枣’和‘骏枣’果实主要矿质元素含量顺序均为:钾氮钙磷镁铁锌铜锰硼。测定的13个营养物质指标中铁、镁、钾、磷、氮、维生素C和总酸7个指标的含量‘骏枣’极显著高于‘灰枣’,钙和总糖2个指标的含量‘骏枣’与‘灰枣’无差异;硼、锌、铜、锰4个指标的含量‘灰枣’较‘骏枣’高,但无显著差异。果实的矿质元素、总糖、总酸和维生素C共13个指标的72组相关性数据中,‘灰枣’72组全部存在相关性,其中35组具有显著相关性;‘骏枣’有71组数据存在相关性,其中30组具有显著相关性。喀什‘灰枣’和‘骏枣’果实中矿质元素、总糖、总酸和维生素C等因子之间是既有协同作用,又有相互抑制,果实品质形成是各营养物质协同调控的结果。 相似文献
2.
为探究氮硫互作对大蒜植株生长的影响,以‘新疆白皮蒜’为试材,研究无机基质栽培条件下不同氮硫互作水平对大蒜农艺性状、叶绿素含量以及根系活力的影响。试验结果表明,不同生长阶段氮硫互作对大蒜株高、茎粗、植株鲜重、干重、鳞茎鲜重均有不同程度的增促效果,但氮或硫单一元素对其影响不一;大蒜生长过程中叶绿素含量与根系活力呈先升高后降低趋势,氮硫互作对其均有显著影响,且氮和硫素单一元素也显著影响大蒜根系活性。综合来看,大蒜生长过程中氮硫互作效果显著,在氮素20 mmol/L、硫素4 mmol/L条件下收获的鳞茎重量最大。 相似文献
3.
本研究以多肉植物‘艳日辉’(Aeonium decorum f. variegata)为材料,研究不同LED补光时长(2, 4和6 h)对多肉植物生长性状和生理指标的影响,并筛选出最佳的补光时长。结果表明：与自然光相比,补充LED光源能增加‘艳日辉’植株的株高、冠幅,使植株叶片饱满、叶色更鲜艳。随着补光时长增加,Chl含量、OPC含量、SS含量、根系活力等指标总体呈上升趋势;相对电导率、Pro含量、MDA含量呈现下降趋势。植株氮、钾元素富积较多,磷元素变化不显著。本研究基于各项指标隶属函数综合评价得出,补光4 h最有利于‘艳日辉’生长及观赏品质的改善。本研究结果为多肉植物的光调控提供一定的理论依据,并对积极探寻多肉植物的高效设施栽培有着重要意义。 相似文献
4.
为了研究不同月份平茬对柠条根系贮存常规性营养物质和可溶性性营养物质的影响。采用饲料监测方法测定常规营养物质,参考《植物生理学实验指导》和《植物生理生化实验原理和技术》方法测定可溶性营养物质。结果表明,随着平茬时间推迟,柠条根系蛋白质含量呈逐渐下降的趋势,淀粉与脂肪之间相互转化协调逆境变化维持生命或再生发挥作用;可溶性碳水化合物是柠条根系主要贮藏的营养物质,对柠条不同月份平茬逆境胁迫下反应比较敏感;可溶性糖类与可溶性淀粉的比例逐渐随着月份增加,有利于植株抗击冻害;萌动期、初霜期平茬对柠条根系营养物质影响较大。柠条生长季平茬建议在4—8月进行。 相似文献
5.
NaCl胁迫下棉花幼苗的离子平衡 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
采用水培法 ,研究了 Na Cl胁迫对耐盐性不同的两个棉花 (Gossypium hirsutum L .)品种 (枝棉 3号 ,耐盐性较强 ;泗棉 2号 ,耐盐性较弱 )幼苗叶片及根系 Ca、K、Mg、P、Mn、Cu、Fe、Zn等矿质元素含量的影响。用 ICP- AES法测定结果表明 ,经 1 0 0和 2 0 0 mmol· L- 1Na Cl分别处理 1 4d后 ,两品种棉花幼苗叶片及根系 Ca、K、Mg、P、Mn等元素含量均明显下降 ,其中尤其以 Mn、Ca、K元素含量下降最为显著。而 Fe、Zn、Cu等三种微量元素含量却有不同程度增加。随盐处理浓度增加 ,根系 Na+增加量趋于饱和 ,而叶片 Na+仍持续大量积累 ,导致植株体内阳离子含量显著增加 ,破坏了植株体内的离子平衡。耐盐性不同的两个棉花品种 ,叶片及根系 Ca、K、Mg、Mn、Zn等元素含量变化均无明显差异 ,而在叶片 Cu、Fe元素及根系P元素含量变化方面存在差异 相似文献
6.
研究通过温室盆栽试验探讨了干旱胁迫对‘三得利’、‘敖汉’和‘中苜1 号’3 个紫花苜蓿品种根系ABA浓度和根系特征的影响。按照田间持水量的100%（对照）、85%（轻度干旱）、70%（中度干旱）和55%（重度干旱）设置4 个梯度的水分胁迫处理,分别对3 个紫花苜蓿品种进行处理,并对根系ABA含量和根系性状进行测量。结果显示：水分胁迫可以显著影响不同生长时期的紫花苜蓿根系ABA的含量。随着处理时间的延长,不同水分胁迫处理的紫花苜蓿根系ABA含量均呈先升高后下降再升高的趋势。在移栽后的第75 天,根系ABA含量达到首个峰值,然后开始下降,到第105 天的时候将至最低,然后开始回升直至处理结束。移栽105 天以后,4 个水分胁迫处理（W1、W2、W3 和W4）紫花苜蓿根系ABA含量分别为44、56.6、64.6、94.4 ng/g FW。同时,不同紫花苜蓿品种根系ABA含量存在差异。移栽105 天以后,‘敖汉’、‘三得利’和‘中苜1 号’根系ABA含量均达到最低,分别为83.2 ng/g FW、61.7 ng/g.FW 和49.9 ng/g FW;之后,根系ABA含量开始回升。与对照相比,重度水分胁迫使根系长度降低了20.92%,使侧根数降低了20.71%,使根鲜重降低了43.79%,使根干重降低了37.96%。重度水分胁迫下植株根冠比是对照的1.9倍,这说明水分胁迫对地上部茎叶的影响要大于地下部的根系。水分胁迫降低了紫花苜蓿根长、侧根数、根鲜重和根干重,增加了紫花苜蓿根冠比,促使根系ABA含量升高。不同紫花苜蓿品种根系ABA含量存在差异。 相似文献
7.
风箱果叶色变化及呈色机理研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究风箱果叶片不同生长发育过程中叶色变化及呈色机理的问题,以风箱果、‘金叶’风箱果、‘紫叶’风箱果为材料,对其叶片从幼嫩到成熟转变过程5 个生长阶段的叶部特征和叶色变化进行比较研究,并采用徒手切片法观察叶片中色素空间分布。结果表明,随着3 种风箱果的生长,叶片面积均呈逐渐增大的趋势,‘紫叶’风箱果叶面积最大;3 种风箱果叶绿素a 含量、叶绿素b 含量、叶绿素/类胡萝卜素均呈现逐渐升高的趋势,风箱果不同生长阶段叶绿素a 含量、叶绿素b 含量均显著高于‘紫叶’风箱果和‘金叶’风箱果;3 种风箱果叶片色素均主要分布于栅栏组织内,在海绵组织和表皮细胞分布较少。上述结果明确了风箱果叶片在生长发育过程中的叶部特征和叶色表现,为其科学合理应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
8.
高硼胁迫对观赏凤梨植株生长和元素含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以观赏凤梨为试材,研究了高硼胁迫对植株生长、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖和淀粉含量、元素含量的影响。结果表明,与不施硼相比,施硼抑制了观赏凤梨地上部和根系的生长,随硼浓度增加,抑制程度增加;施硼引起植株中下部叶片叶尖发黄焦枯坏死,叶片叶绿素含量降低;施硼引起叶片和根系可溶性糖和淀粉含量下降;施硼提高了根系N、P、Fe、Mn、Zn含量,但降低了叶片这些元素含量,引起叶片和根系Cu含量的下降。表明,观赏凤梨对硼过量的反应非常敏感,栽培基质或灌溉水中含硼不利于观赏凤梨植株生长。 相似文献
9.
以2年生‘翠冠’梨幼树为试材,分析年生长周期内植株根、干、枝、稍、叶的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn 9种矿质营养含量变化特点。结果表明：（1）N、P、K、Mg 4种矿质营养元素在植物生长季节前期含量降低,中期先增后减,后期增加;（2）植株生长季节前期Ca、Mn、Zn在各器官中先降后升;中期在根、干、枝中变化很小,叶片中Ca、Mn先增后减,Zn先减后增;后期含量增加;（3）Fe和Cu含量在植株根、干中呈现出先增加至峰值而后降低的类似正态分布的变化。生长前期,枝中Fe、Cu先增后减;新梢和叶片中Fe含量升高,Cu含量降低。中期枝中Cu先增后减,Fe含量变化小;新梢和叶片中2种元素含量变化小。后期根系中Fe含量下降,其他各器官中2种元素的含量均增加。在果园年周期管理上,应该关注梨树春季营养生长开始之前树体的营养贮存,同时应该注意中期适量追肥。 相似文献
10.
京东板栗叶片主要矿质营养元素含量及其变化特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
京东板栗是品质比较优良的栗种,也是北京地区重要的干果,目前对其矿质元素营养特性了解得很少.本研究通过定期采取营养枝和结果枝叶片样品,分析其N、P、K、Ca、Mg、B、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu含量,旨在研究京东板栗矿质营养元素含量及其变化特征,为板栗营养调控,提高产量,改善品质提供科学依据.研究结果表明:营养枝与结果枝叶片的P、K、Cu、Mg含量差异很小,且几乎不随植株生长发育而变化;其他营养元素含量及其变化,随叶片部位和植株生长发育时期而异,一般都表现为逐渐增加的趋势,特别是Zn、Mn含量几乎直线增加.营养枝叶片的N、Zn、Fe的含量,在生殖生长时期高于结果枝,而B的含量则相反;营养枝叶片含Ca量总是低于结果枝叶片,而Cu正好相反. 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Herbage yield trials are necessary to test if candidate varieties are well suited for organic conditions. In order to elucidate
a particular suitability for organic conditions, we run such trials in parallel under both organic and conventional conditions.
Here, we report on second and third year results of the sowings 2004 and 2005. These trials are part of a targeted breeding
programme for organic conditions. Irregular colonisation of pure grass plots with adventitious plants, in particular white
clover, was recognized as a major constraint to the quality of the results obtained under organic conditions. The coefficients
of variance in dry matter yield almost doubled when compared to conventional trials, and significant differences in annual
yield among varieties were rare. However, when herbage yield was corrected for the estimated fraction of adventitious plant
colonization at each cut, the number of instances with statistically significant differences for annual yield among varieties
increased more than fourfold. Dry matter yields under organic and conventional conditions were significantly and positively
correlated. However, analysis of variance showed a significant culture type by variety interaction for annual dry matter yield
in 12 out of 24 trials. When diploid and tetraploid varieties of the same Lolium species were tested in one common trial, only tetraploid varieties were identified as being particularly well suited for organic
conditions, while in these trials, the great majority of apparently poorly suited varieties were diploid. This suggests that
breeding tetraploid Lolium varieties is promising when aiming at a favourable response to organic agriculture. 相似文献
20.
Summary Six pear and five apple trials were carried out to ascertain the outcome of combinations of compatible pollen (C) with self (S) or incongruous pollen (I) as to the pollination index (PI=seeds/pollinated flower). The PI of the mixture C+I (1:5) was consistently depressed as compared to that of the control C. The results of the double pollinations S/C and I/C were affected by the temperature at pollination; their PI's at <15°C were twice as high as those at >15°C, being well above and below the PI of C in the former and latter case respectively. The opposite was true for the C/S combination, the PI of which increased with the pollination temperature; the PI of C/I did not differ much from the PI of C, irrespective of temperature. The conclusion was reached that the interaction previously and presently found between compatible and self-incompatible pollen also exists to a fair extent between compatible and incongruous pollen. However, in pear neither the mentor nor the pioneer pollen technique proved to aid its hybridization with apple, the formation of self seed was not observed either. In apple the production of apple × pear hybrids was likewise doubtful, but the double pollinations S/C and C/S formed 4–10% self seed. 相似文献