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1.
为优化益智总黄酮超声辅助提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性,以益智总黄酮提取率为指标,在单因素试验考察甲醇浓度、超声时间及液料比对总黄酮提取率影响的基础上,采用响应面试验设计优化了超声辅助提取工艺,利用DPPH自由基法、ABTS自由基法和FRAP法评价了其体外抗氧化活性,并分析了益智总黄酮含量与其抗氧化活性的相关性.结果表明,益智总黄酮超声辅助提取最佳工艺为:甲醇浓度100％,超声时间20 min,液料比25:1(mL/g),该条件下益智总黄酮提取率达0.757％.益智体外具有较强的抗氧化活性,其清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的IC50值分别在0.851～3.188 mg/mL(相当于生药)、0.642～1.789 mg/mL(相当于生药)之间,FRAP值在0.029～0.111 mmol/L之间,总黄酮含量与清除DPPH自由基的IC50值和总抗氧化能力FRAP值呈显著相关(P<0.05),但与清除ABTS自由基IC50值相关性不显著. 相似文献
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黑枸杞总黄酮微波辅助提取及其抗氧化活性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,通过单因素试验与正交试验,研究了影响黑枸杞总黄酮微波辅助提取的因素条件,优化了提取工艺,同时以2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)为阳性对照,利用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)与羟基自由基(·OH)清除法评价黑枸杞总黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明,乙醇浓度对黑枸杞总黄酮微波辅助提取有显著影响,黑枸杞总黄酮最佳提取工艺条件为:60%乙醇为提取剂,料液比1∶25(g/m L),微波时间14 min,微波功率325 W。该提取工艺条件下,黑枸杞总黄酮提取率为4.35%。黑枸杞总黄酮与BHT对DPPH·的IC50分别为0.64 mg/m L和1.30 mg/m L,对·OH的IC50分别为0.40 mg/m L和1.68 mg/m L,表明黑枸杞总黄酮具有很强的抗氧化活性。 相似文献
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《农产品加工．学刊》2016,(20)
在单因素试验的基础上,利用正交试验对菌草灵芝多糖的提取工艺条件进行优化,同时通过对DPPH自由基、羟自由基的清除能力和还原力对其抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明,菌草灵芝多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间2.5 h,提取温度95℃,料液比1∶25(g∶g);在该条件下提取率为1.65%。抗氧化试验结果表明,菌草灵芝多糖对DPPH自由基和羟自由基有一定的清除能力,且与多糖质量浓度存在一定的量效关系,表明菌草灵芝多糖是一种潜在的抗氧化剂。 相似文献
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藤三七总黄酮的超声波辅助提取及其抗氧化性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以藤三七为原料,采用超声波辅助提取总黄酮,利用正交试验优化其提取工艺,并从清除羟基自由基(·OH)、1,1-苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的能力3个角度评价其抗氧化性。结果表明,超声波辅助提取藤三七总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数80%,液料比40∶1(m L/g),超声时间60 min,超声温度40℃。在该条件下,总黄酮平均提取率为18.51%。超声波辅助提取的总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化性,对·OH、DPPH·、O2-·清除作用明显,且其质量浓度与抗氧化活性呈量效关系,是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂。 相似文献
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以干燥空心菜茎叶粉为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验对乙醇超声辅助提取空心菜中总黄酮的工艺进行优化,并研究了空心菜总黄酮的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,空心菜中总黄酮最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度65℃,乙醇体积分数70%,固液比1∶20(g/m L),超声提取时间35 min,该优化条件下,空心菜中总黄酮的得率为29.39 mg/g。空心菜总黄酮对铁离子有较强的还原能力,对羟基自由基具有明显的清除力,且空心菜总黄酮的抗氧化作用随浓度增大而增强,但其抗氧化能力弱于VC。 相似文献
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采用超声联合酶法提取紫花苜蓿总黄酮,利用响应面法对该提取工艺进行优化,并对其提取物进行体外抗氧化活性研究。结果表明,超声联合酶法提取紫花苜蓿总黄酮的最佳工艺为:液料比40:1,超声时间为55min,超声温度为60℃,在此条件下紫花苜蓿总黄酮的提取率达9.928mg/g,与理论值的相对误差为0.40%,相比于其他传统方法,提取量大大提高;此外,紫花苜蓿总黄酮拥有良好的清除DPPH和·OH自由基的能力,其半数清除浓度(IC50)分别为14.31μg/mL及28.23μg/mL。 相似文献
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以甜菜树为原料,总黄酮提取率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化乙醇回流法提取总黄酮的最佳工艺条件,并就总黄酮对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的清除作用进行了初步研究。结果表明,甜菜树总黄酮最佳提取工艺参数为:乙醇体积分数85%,料液比1∶40(g/m L),提取温度80℃,提取时间180 min,在该提取工艺条件下,得到甜菜树总黄酮平均提取率为1.67%。总黄酮质量浓度在0.009 3~0.046 5 mg/m L时,对DPPH·、·OH、O2-·的清除率可分别达到88.39%、91.47%、46.29%,说明甜菜树总黄酮具有较强的体外抗氧化活性。 相似文献
9.
以石榴皮为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化石榴皮中黄酮化合物的微波辅助提取工艺,并就其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)清除能力进行探讨。结果表明,石榴皮黄酮化合物的微波辅助提取最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60%,液料比40∶1(m L/g),微波提取时间2.70min,该条件下黄酮提取率的平均值为(4.424±0.168)%,与模型预测的黄酮提取率4.523%相近。制得的石榴皮提取物对DPPH·清除试验的IC_(50)为0.187 mg/m L,说明其具有较强的抗氧化活性。 相似文献
10.
羊栖菜中多酚的提取制备及体外抗氧化活性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究羊栖菜多酚的提取工艺及其体外抗氧化活性,在单因素试验的基础上,以多酚浸出率为响应值,采用响应面法优化羊栖菜多酚提取工艺,并考察其对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基的清除能力以及总抗氧化能力。结果表明:在温度为70℃,乙醇浓度为40%,浸提时间46 min,液料比20:1,羊栖菜多酚的浸出率为4.048%;粗提液经XDA-7大孔树脂柱层析分离纯化其纯度为61.86%;羊栖菜多酚对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基清除作用的IC50分别为6.65、6000、125.42μg/m L,总抗氧化能力为65.04 U/mg。该结果表明:羊栖菜多酚是一种极具开发潜力的天然抗氧化剂。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
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Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
20.
Herbage yield trials are necessary to test if candidate varieties are well suited for organic conditions. In order to elucidate
a particular suitability for organic conditions, we run such trials in parallel under both organic and conventional conditions.
Here, we report on second and third year results of the sowings 2004 and 2005. These trials are part of a targeted breeding
programme for organic conditions. Irregular colonisation of pure grass plots with adventitious plants, in particular white
clover, was recognized as a major constraint to the quality of the results obtained under organic conditions. The coefficients
of variance in dry matter yield almost doubled when compared to conventional trials, and significant differences in annual
yield among varieties were rare. However, when herbage yield was corrected for the estimated fraction of adventitious plant
colonization at each cut, the number of instances with statistically significant differences for annual yield among varieties
increased more than fourfold. Dry matter yields under organic and conventional conditions were significantly and positively
correlated. However, analysis of variance showed a significant culture type by variety interaction for annual dry matter yield
in 12 out of 24 trials. When diploid and tetraploid varieties of the same Lolium species were tested in one common trial, only tetraploid varieties were identified as being particularly well suited for organic
conditions, while in these trials, the great majority of apparently poorly suited varieties were diploid. This suggests that
breeding tetraploid Lolium varieties is promising when aiming at a favourable response to organic agriculture. 相似文献