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1.
莲多酚氧化酶基因的克隆及序列分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
多酚氧化酶是一类普遍存在于植物、真菌、昆虫的质体中，由核基因编码能与铜相结合的金属蛋白酶。它是许多果蔬等农产品酶促褐变的主因，也在植物的光合作用、抗病虫害、生长发育以及花色的形成中起一定作用。用RT—PCR方法，从中国莲（Nelumbo nucifera）幼叶RNA中成功扩增出ppo的部分序列，经克隆测序，得到长度在978-1057bp的序列共7个，编码326～352个氨基酸。与其他物种PPO进行比较，其核苷酸序列相似性为83％-85％，氨基酸序列相似性为84％99％。莲ppo的成功克隆为抑制莲藕的酶促褐变，提高莲的抗虫抗病性等的研究打下了良好的基础。 相似文献
2.
莲查尔酮合酶基因的克隆及序列分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
查尔酮合酶(chalconesynthase,CHS)是植物花色素苷等类黄酮化合物生物合成途径中的一个关键酶,而这些类黄酮化合物在花瓣中的含量可以改变花的颜色,所以CHS在植物中的表达量直接影响花的颜色。用RT-PCR方法,从中国莲(Nelumbonucifera)幼叶RNA中成功扩增出chs外显子2的部分序列,经克隆测序,得到长度在844bp￣936bp的序列共7个,编码282￣312个氨基酸。在GenBank中与黑核桃,山茶花,红杜鹃等其它物种CHS进行比较,其核苷酸序列相似性为82%￣83%,氨基酸序列相似性为86%￣97%。莲chs的成功克隆为莲的花卉基因工程研究等打下了良好的基础。 相似文献
3.
多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase,PPO）是一类植物体内广泛存在的由核基因编码的能与铜结合的金属蛋白酶。它是诱导许多果蔬等农产品产生酶促褐变的主要原因,同时在植物的生长发育、抗病虫害及果实品质形成等方面也起到了一定的作用。本文用RACE的方法,从草莓幼果cDNA中成功扩增出PPO基因的3′端部分序列。序列分析表明该基因片段编码424个氨基酸。与其他物种PPO核苷酸序列比较相似性为72％-80％,氨基酸相似性为82％～87％。草莓多酚氧化酶基因的成功克隆,为草莓抗褐变的研究及果实品质的改良打下了坚实的理论基础。 相似文献
4.
甘蔗和斑茅Ⅲ型过氧化物酶基因（SoPOD-1和SaPOD-1）cDNA克隆与分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究旨在通过克隆甘蔗和斑茅Ⅲ型过氧化物酶基因(Prxs),分析比较2个物种Prxs基因差异,探讨2个物种Prxs功能差异的遗传基础。采用同源克隆方法,以高粱Prxs基因序列为探针,克隆获得甘蔗和斑茅Prxs基因。本研究从斑茅和甘蔗中成功克隆获得了4个Prxs基因cDNA序列,其中斑茅2个基因长度均为1083 bp,存在一个差异位点,甘蔗2个基因长度均为1084 bp,存在11个碱基差异。4个基因开放阅读框均为996 bp,编码331个氨基酸。蛋白质保守结构域分析表明,克隆获得的4个基因均具有Prxs典型保守结构域,为目标基因。系统进化分析表明,克隆获得的基因与高粱、玉米和水稻的同源基因相似性最高,在一些双子叶植物,甚至裸子植物也能找到其同源基因,且氨基酸序列的相似程度与物种分化的程度基本一致,可供植物分类作参考。该试验从斑茅和甘蔗中成功克隆获得了4个Prxs基因cDNA序列,为深入研究Prxs基因在不同植物中功能差异提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
5.
人参属植物鲨烯合酶编码基因及其氨基酸序列的生物信息学分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用生物信息学方法对GenBank中人参属9种植物鲨烯合酶的cDNA序列以及其编码的氨基酸序列的结构、理化性质、信号肽、疏水性、亲水性、亚细胞定位、跨膜结构域功能域和进化关系进行了初步预测和分析。结果表明：总体上人参属鲨烯合酶核苷酸序列相似性平均为96.245%,氨基酸相似性平均为95.5%。其二级结构预测结果显示9个鲨烯合酶氨基酸序列以α螺旋和无规则卷曲为主要组成部分。对9种人参属植物进行进化树分析发现可以分为2个亚族。对包括人参属9种植物在内的其他物种进行进化树分析可知,植物、动物、酵母分属不同的类群。通过分析人参属植物鲨烯合酶及其编码基因的生物信息学特征,可以为鲨烯合酶基因的克隆和遗传操作提供理论参考。 相似文献
6.
7.
《华北农学报》2015,(4)
为了给筛选萼脊兰内参基因和研究TUB基因的生理功能提供研究基础,对萼脊兰TUB基因片段进行克隆与序列分析。采用CTAB法提取萼脊兰盛花期花瓣总RNA,并运用RT-PCR方法克隆萼脊兰TUB基因序列,长度为1 055 bp,编码351个氨基酸残基,氨基酸序列中存在微管蛋白的保守区域GGGTGSG。序列分析结果表明:与其他已登录物种的TUB基因相比,其核苷酸序列的同源性达75%~96%,与朵丽蝶兰(JN185665.1)同源性高达96%,氨基酸序列的同源性也在96%以上,且与单子叶植物的同源序列表现出较高的相似性。在Gen Bank注册,登录号为KP686397。 相似文献
8.
牦牛MSTN基因分子克隆及序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
设计特定引物对牦牛MSTN基因PCR分段扩增并克隆和测序,利用分子生物学软件进行序列拼接,获得牦牛MSTN基因序列(GenBank登录号EU926670).该基因由3个外显子和2个内含子组成,CDS序列全长为1 128 bp(GenBank登录号EU926671),由375个氨基酸组成.外显子大小分别为373,374,381 bp,内含子大小分别为1 843,2 028 bp.牦牛与普通牛的MSTN基因编码区中,在417位发生一次碱基转换(C→T),但未造成氨基酸改变.不同物种间在该基因编码区核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列上有较高的相似性,牦牛与普通牛、绵羊、猪、人、狗、小鼠、马、兔子、鸡、猩猩各物种间核苷酸相似性大小分别为99.9％,96.5％,94.3％,89.1％,91.9％,91.3％,93.6％,91.7％,82.0％,92.0％.牦牛与普通牛MSTN氨基酸序列相似性最高,为100％;而与绵羊、猪、小鼠、人、狗、马、兔子、鸡、猩猩各物种间相似性大小分别为93.3％,95.5％,92.5％,94.1％,93.3％,94.9％,94.4％,88.0％,94.4％.生物信息学软件分析发现:牦牛MSTN基因编码蛋白的理论分子量约为42.6 kDa,PI值为6.14,Leu的含量最高(9.9％),其次是Lys(7.2％).牦牛MSTN基因编码蛋白二级结构以β折叠为主,属于跨膜蛋白,跨膜区位于AA6-AA23之间;具有一个分泌信号肽结构,其氨基酸序列MQKLQICVYIYLFMLIVA具有TGF-β家族的特征. 相似文献
9.
油酸去饱和酶FAD2（fatty acid desaturase 2）在油酸中引第二个双键生成亚油酸,是负责植物体内产生多不饱和脂肪酸的第一步关键酶。本研究采用RT—PCR和RACE（rapid amplification of cDNA ends）技术,以中间锦鸡儿未成熟种子为材料,克隆了三个fad2基因（分别命名为fad2-2A,fad2-1A和foa2-1B）。将这三个基因与汪阳东从中间锦鸡儿枝叶中克隆的fad2—2B（CaFAD2基因,GenBank登录号AY957394）一起进行了序列比对和分析。序列同源性比较结果表明,fad2—1A与fad2—1B同源性很高,fad2—1A编码的前283个氨基酸与fad2-1B的同源性高达98．9％,fad2—2B与faa2—1A的氨基酸序列同源性最低,只有64．7％。这四个基因的成功克隆,为进一步研究基因分工、调控方式打下了基础,为实现对锦鸡儿属植物脂肪酸成分直接、精确调控提供了保证,也是从一个物种中克隆四个fad2基因的第一次报道。 相似文献
10.
摘要：为确定Bt WB9的entFM基因是位于染色体或位于质粒上,以及明确entFM基因的特性,以entFM基因片段制备探针,通过Southern 杂交,分别对染色体DNA和质粒DNA进行杂交定位。结果表明,Bt WB9的entFM基因位于染色体上;克隆了Bt WB9、1072、TS16及Bc6A1 entFM基因ORF序列,序列分析表明,WB9 entFM基因的ORF序列共有个1281个核苷酸组成,可编码426个氨基酸。将WB9、TS16、1072 和Bc6A1 entFM基因编码的氨基酸序列与Bc Cx5相应氨基酸序列进行比较,结果显示WB9、TS16、1072与Bc Cx5之间有很高的相似性,主要差异在于Bc Cx5的EntFM氨基酸序列在39-42位置多出QTQT（谷氨酰胺-苏氨酸-谷氨酰胺-苏氨酸）四个氨基酸,在96-99位置还有SWDK四个氨基酸的差异。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
20.
Herbage yield trials are necessary to test if candidate varieties are well suited for organic conditions. In order to elucidate
a particular suitability for organic conditions, we run such trials in parallel under both organic and conventional conditions.
Here, we report on second and third year results of the sowings 2004 and 2005. These trials are part of a targeted breeding
programme for organic conditions. Irregular colonisation of pure grass plots with adventitious plants, in particular white
clover, was recognized as a major constraint to the quality of the results obtained under organic conditions. The coefficients
of variance in dry matter yield almost doubled when compared to conventional trials, and significant differences in annual
yield among varieties were rare. However, when herbage yield was corrected for the estimated fraction of adventitious plant
colonization at each cut, the number of instances with statistically significant differences for annual yield among varieties
increased more than fourfold. Dry matter yields under organic and conventional conditions were significantly and positively
correlated. However, analysis of variance showed a significant culture type by variety interaction for annual dry matter yield
in 12 out of 24 trials. When diploid and tetraploid varieties of the same Lolium species were tested in one common trial, only tetraploid varieties were identified as being particularly well suited for organic
conditions, while in these trials, the great majority of apparently poorly suited varieties were diploid. This suggests that
breeding tetraploid Lolium varieties is promising when aiming at a favourable response to organic agriculture. 相似文献