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1.
无定形硅藻土对4种储粮害虫的防治作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
环境和人类健康问题与合成杀虫剂的使用有关 ,因而迫切要求使用无污染的、生物特效杀虫剂。有关专家对硅藻土防治储藏物害虫进行了试验。将ＦｏｓｓｉｌＳｈｉｅｌｄ(一种硅藻土产品 ,粒度为 5～ 30 μｍ ,含 73%无定形二氧化硅 ,3%气溶胶和其它材料 )施放于木板上 ,可致死大黄粉虫和杂拟谷盗成虫 ,而对印度谷螟幼虫无效。将甲虫暴露在剂量 2和 4ｇ/ｍ2 的ＦｏｓｓｉｌＳｈｉｅｌｄ及无食物的条件下 ,甲虫 1 4天内死亡 ,而在喂食米糠的条件下死亡率下降。ＦｏｓｓｉｌＳｈｉｅｌｄ可致死印度谷螟 1龄幼虫 ,而不能致死较成熟的幼虫。 2周龄的… 相似文献
2.
不同产地硅藻土对储粮害虫的杀虫效果评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比较研究了不同产地硅藻土对主要储粮害虫(玉米象、谷蠹、锯谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗)的杀虫效果.结果表明,1号硅藻土(产于浙江省嵊州市)对玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗、谷蠢、锯谷盗均有显著的毒杀效果,处理后5 d,杀虫效果可达100%,与对照硅藻土(普粮泰)无明显差异;2号硅藻土(产于吉林省长白县)除对玉米象无明显毒杀作用外,对其它三种害虫的杀虫效果在96%左右.实验说明不同产地的硅藻土对储粮害虫的杀虫效果有明显差异. 相似文献
3.
不同湿度下硅藻土对嗜虫书虱成虫的致死效果 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：8
本文介绍了在 2 5± 1℃条件下 ,不同湿度 (5 5 %、60 %、65 %、70 %和 75 %RH)对硅藻土杀虫剂Protect-ItTM不同处理剂量 (0 .1、0 .3、0 .7、1.0、3.0和 5 .0g/m2 )致死嗜虫书虱成虫效果的影响。结果表明 ,处理 7～ 14天 ,嗜虫书虱成虫的死亡率随着Protect-ItTM环境相对湿度的减少、施用剂量的增加和处理时间的延长而增加 ,分别在 4～ 14天达到 10 0 %死亡率。因此 ,Protect -ItTM用于粮仓的空仓处理、实仓的空间结构处理和粮堆表层或底层处理时 ,对嗜虫书虱有较好的防治作用。 相似文献
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新型储粮保护剂硅藻土对2种重要储粮害虫的防治效果初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探索硅藻土防治储粮害虫的经济有效剂量、防治方法和条件等,本方设计了不同温度和湿度组合,不同的硅藻土剂量分别对生活在小麦和稻谷中的谷蠹和长角扁谷盗的毒力试验,结果表明:在相同的条件下(1)硅藻土对小麦的防护优于对稻谷的防护。(2)在25℃时对谷蠹的防效高于30℃的防效,对长角扁谷盗则相反。(3)硅藻土的防治效果随着相对湿度的降低而提高。(4)长角扁谷盗对硅藻土的敏感度是谷蠹的5￣6倍。在应用时从经济、有效的原则考虑,建议防治以谷蠹为主要害虫的储粮时以400mg/kg的剂量,防治长角扁谷盗时则以70mg/kg即可。 相似文献
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7.
采用药膜法和混粮法通过苦皮藤素和硅藻土两种新型储粮药剂对常见5种储粮害虫赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)、玉米象Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky、谷蠹Rhizopertha dominica(Fab.)、嗜虫书虱Liposcelis entomophila(Enderlein)和嗜卷书虱Lisposcelis bostrychophila Bodonnel进行药效效果评价。试验结果表明:苦皮藤素和硅藻土对以上5种储粮害虫均有不同程度的抑制作用,苦皮藤素对嗜虫书虱Liposcelis entomophila(Enderlein)防治效果优于硅藻土。 相似文献
8.
两种重要储粮害虫的无公害防治技术研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过３种虫生真菌、2种苏云金杆菌粉剂(Bt-1和Bt-2)及48%乐斯本乳油对生活在小麦中的谷蠹、长角扁谷盗进行毒力试验,结果表明：Bt-1粉剂对两种储粮害虫具有较高的毒力,对谷蠹LD50为15.75ug/g,对长角扁谷盗LD50为8.06ug/g;三种虫生真菌对这两种害虫侵染力较弱,最高校正死亡率仅为55.0%。48%乐斯本乳油对两种储粮害虫的熏蒸效果较好,在0.80ml/L浓度下,谷蠹、长角扁谷盗死亡率均达到100.0%。 相似文献
9.
研究了储粮防护剂硅藻土、惰性粉和植物源杀虫剂苦皮藤素在高大平房仓实仓防虫应用效果。结果表明:硅藻土、惰性粉和苦皮藤素能在较长的一段时间对粮堆内的玉米象Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky和赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)的发生进行有效防治,延迟害虫的发生时间和密度,防治效果顺序是:惰性粉>硅藻土>苦皮藤素,同时对仓内平均粮温及粮食品质等无影响,基本达到防治储粮害虫的要求,实现一定的经济效益,可以在部分条件下取代目前使用的化学防护剂。 相似文献
10.
一种新型惰性粉杀虫剂对几种储粮害虫杀虫效果的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究了一种以硼酸钠为主要成分的新型惰性粉杀虫剂对米象、谷蠹、锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗和小眼书虱的触杀、胃毒、种群抑制作用。研究表明该药剂对米象、谷蠹、锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗均具有一定的触杀作用,对小眼书虱触杀效果极为显著,当剂量为4g／m^2时,第3天小眼书虱就全部死亡。该药剂对米象的胃毒效果最强,在剂量为4g／kg时死亡率达到100％;对谷蠹、锯谷盗和赤拟谷盗具有较好的胃毒杀虫效果。在剂量4g／kg时对锯谷盗种群抑制率达到100％,对米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗的种群也有较强的抑制作用。以上结果说明了该杀虫剂具有作为一种储粮保护剂的开发潜力。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Herbage yield trials are necessary to test if candidate varieties are well suited for organic conditions. In order to elucidate
a particular suitability for organic conditions, we run such trials in parallel under both organic and conventional conditions.
Here, we report on second and third year results of the sowings 2004 and 2005. These trials are part of a targeted breeding
programme for organic conditions. Irregular colonisation of pure grass plots with adventitious plants, in particular white
clover, was recognized as a major constraint to the quality of the results obtained under organic conditions. The coefficients
of variance in dry matter yield almost doubled when compared to conventional trials, and significant differences in annual
yield among varieties were rare. However, when herbage yield was corrected for the estimated fraction of adventitious plant
colonization at each cut, the number of instances with statistically significant differences for annual yield among varieties
increased more than fourfold. Dry matter yields under organic and conventional conditions were significantly and positively
correlated. However, analysis of variance showed a significant culture type by variety interaction for annual dry matter yield
in 12 out of 24 trials. When diploid and tetraploid varieties of the same Lolium species were tested in one common trial, only tetraploid varieties were identified as being particularly well suited for organic
conditions, while in these trials, the great majority of apparently poorly suited varieties were diploid. This suggests that
breeding tetraploid Lolium varieties is promising when aiming at a favourable response to organic agriculture. 相似文献
20.
Summary Six pear and five apple trials were carried out to ascertain the outcome of combinations of compatible pollen (C) with self (S) or incongruous pollen (I) as to the pollination index (PI=seeds/pollinated flower). The PI of the mixture C+I (1:5) was consistently depressed as compared to that of the control C. The results of the double pollinations S/C and I/C were affected by the temperature at pollination; their PI's at <15°C were twice as high as those at >15°C, being well above and below the PI of C in the former and latter case respectively. The opposite was true for the C/S combination, the PI of which increased with the pollination temperature; the PI of C/I did not differ much from the PI of C, irrespective of temperature. The conclusion was reached that the interaction previously and presently found between compatible and self-incompatible pollen also exists to a fair extent between compatible and incongruous pollen. However, in pear neither the mentor nor the pioneer pollen technique proved to aid its hybridization with apple, the formation of self seed was not observed either. In apple the production of apple × pear hybrids was likewise doubtful, but the double pollinations S/C and C/S formed 4–10% self seed. 相似文献