共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 937 毫秒
1.
用冷冻保存的花鲈精子作为异源精子,采用紫外线（UV）对精子进行照射使其遗传物质失活,然后与卵子进行“授精”,可以刺激犬齿牙鲆鱼卵进行雌核发育,在受精后一定时间采用冷休克处理“授精”卵,抑制第二极体排出成功获得了犬齿牙鲆雌核发育二倍体鱼苗。实验表明：犬齿牙鲆同源精子经80 mJ/cm2 的紫外线照射可以完全失活,冻存花鲈精子经紫外线照射后也同样具有诱导犬齿牙鲆雌核发育的能力。无论同源精子还是异源精子,最佳诱导条件为在18 ℃条件下,精子经80 mJ/cm2的紫外线照射,受精后4~5 min将受精卵放在3 ℃海水中进行冷休克处理,持续时间为45 min,同源精子和异源精子二倍体诱导分别为32.66%±7.03%和28.00%±6.48%。采用形态学、流式细胞仪DNA含量分析和微卫星标记技术对雌核发育鱼苗进行了分析,证明了雌核发育鱼苗为雌核发育二倍体。 相似文献
2.
花鲈冷冻精子诱导漠斑牙鲆雌核发育 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用紫外线(UV)对冻存的花鲈精子进行照射使其遗传物质失活,作为异源精子诱导源,与漠斑牙鲆卵子进行“授精”,可以诱导漠斑牙鲆卵进行雌核发育。结合静水压处理,抑制第二极体排出,成功获得了漠斑牙鲆雌核发育二倍体鱼苗。实验表明,同源精子和异源精子均可在紫外线照射遗传失活后诱导漠斑牙鲆卵雌核发育,经实验筛选出异源精子诱导漠斑牙鲆雌核发育的最佳条件为花鲈冻存精子采用80 mJ/cm2的紫外线照射,然后与漠斑牙鲆卵子进行授精,培育水温18 ℃条件下,受精后4~5 min,施以65 MPa的静水压休克处理6 min,可有效诱导漠斑牙鲆卵的雌核发育。采用形态学、流式细胞仪DNA含量分析和微卫星标记技术对雌核发育鱼苗进行了分析,证明了雌核发育鱼苗为雌核发育二倍体。本文首次报道了采用异源冷冻精子诱导漠斑牙鲆鱼卵进行雌核发育的技术方法,为漠斑牙鲆性别控制和遗传改良提供了技术手段。 相似文献
3.
异源精子诱导条斑星鲽雌核发育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用冷冻保存的花鲈精子作为异源精子,采用紫外线（UV）对精子进行照射使其遗传物质失活,然后与卵子进行授精,可以刺激条斑星鲽鱼卵进行雌核发育,在受精后一定时间采用冷休克处理“受精”卵,抑制第二极体排出成功获得了条斑星鲽雌核发育二倍体鱼苗。实验表明,花鲈精子只有经过紫外线照射遗传失活后,才能诱导产生条斑星鲽雌核发育二倍体鱼苗。经过大量实验筛选出诱导条斑星鲽雌核发育的最佳条件为花鲈冷冻精子采用80 MJ/cm2 的紫外线照射,然后与条斑星鲽卵子进行授精,在受精后7~9 min,将受精卵放在-1.0~1.5 ℃海水中进行冷休克处理,持续时间为60~90 min,在此条件下,获得的雌核发育二倍体的相对诱导率达40.68%±7.24%。由于不失活精子与条斑星鲽卵形成的杂交胚只能存活到原肠期,而染色体未被成功加倍的胚胎会由于单倍体的致死效应在孵化前后死亡,所以存活的仔鱼全部为条斑星鲽雌核发育二倍体。采用微卫星标记技术对雌核发育鱼苗进行了分析,证明了雌核发育鱼苗为雌核发育二倍体。首次报道了采用异源冷冻精子诱导条斑星鲽鱼卵进行雌核发育的技术方法,为条斑星鲽性别控制和遗传改良提供了技术手段。 相似文献
4.
黑鲷精子诱导漠斑牙鲆雌核发育研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用紫外线遗传失活的黑鲷精子与漠斑牙鲆卵子授精,获得了漠斑牙鲆雌核发育单倍体受精卵,经冷休克处理后诱导出漠斑牙鲆雌核发育二倍体.试验结果表明,黑鲷精子经紫外线照射后(0～180 J/cm2)与漠斑牙鲆卵子受精,胚胎孵化率呈现明显的Hertwig效应.黑鲷精子遗传失活的最适紫外线照射剂量为120 J/cm2.18℃的水温条件下,冷休克处理的最适时刻为受精后4 min.处理持续时间和处理温度组合试验表明,在相同处理持续时间条件下,3℃休克水温处理效果均优于对应1℃休克水温各组,且45 min处理持续时间诱导效果最佳.综合试验结果,黑鲷精子诱导漠斑牙鲆雌核发育的适合条件为:水温18℃,将黑鲷精子经120 J/cm2紫外线照射后与漠斑牙鲆卵子受精,受精后4min,用3℃冷海水处理45min,可获得46.59％的雌核发育漠斑牙鲆二倍体初孵仔鱼. 相似文献
5.
利用紫外线照射对七彩鲑(Salvelinus fontinalis)精子进行灭活处理,使其遗传物质失活,作为同源精子诱导源,与七彩鲑卵子进行受精,采用冷休克方法诱导雌核发育。结果表明:同源精子可以诱导七彩鲑的雌核发育,紫外照射强度为72 m J/cm2;距离为8 cm;冷休克温度为20℃。七彩鲑减数分裂雌核发育倍性测定以鸡(Gallus sp.)红细胞DNA含量(2.5 pg/N)为标准、七彩鲑普通育苗子一代为参照,采用流式细胞术和微卫星标记技术对30尾七彩鲑减数分裂雌核发育鱼苗进行分析,证明了雌核发育鱼苗为雌核发育二倍体。 相似文献
6.
真鲷精子诱导牙鲆减数分裂雌核发育 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
采用真鲷精子激活牙鲆卵子,经(0±0.5)℃冷休克处理,诱导了牙鲆减数分裂雌核发育。灭活真鲷精子,紫外线照射剂量3.4mJ/cm2时孵化率最低;随着照射剂量的增加,孵化率恢复,照射剂量73mJ/cm2时,孵化率最高,呈现典型的Hertwig效应。用流式细胞仪检测倍性,未经冷休克处理的胚胎全部为单倍体,经冷休克处理的均为二倍体,表明精子灭活有效。冷休克实验结果表明,冷休克起始时间2～5min均有效,以3min为最好;冷休克持续时间30～90min均有效,以45min为最好。综合两项因素,授精3min后,休克时间持续45min组的授精率和孵化率均为最高,与其他处理组差异显著(P<0.05)。RAPD分析结果显示,异源精子的遗传信息未在雌核发育二倍体的电泳图中出现,表明其遗传信息没有传递给子代。 相似文献
7.
黄姑鱼雌核发育诱导及鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为建立黄姑鱼雌核发育诱导方法,实验利用紫外线照射使黄姑鱼精子遗传失活,与卵子授精后再通过冷休克抑制极体排放进行倍性恢复,成功诱导出黄姑鱼雌核发育二倍体。精子经强度为3 800μW/(cm2·s)的紫外线照射10～100 s,受精卵孵化率呈现明显的Hertwig效应;当照射时长达到60 s以上,各实验组全部孵出仔鱼均呈现单倍体综合症。精子的紫外线照射时间、受精卵冷休克起始和持续时间等三因素三水平正交实验结果表明,精子经紫外线照射60 s,受精2 min后卵子在3～4 ℃海水中持续冷休克10 min为最佳诱导条件组合,可以获得最高的孵化率(16%)。最佳组合仔鱼形态和细胞相对DNA含量与正常二倍体一致,经微卫星标记检验证明全部不含有父本基因,为雌核发育二倍体。实验报道了成功诱导黄姑鱼雌核发育二倍体的条件,为进一步开展黄姑鱼良种选育和性别控制工作奠定了基础。 相似文献
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施氏鲟精子诱导匙吻鲟雌核发育 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用照射强度为10 188 μW/(cm2·s),照射距离为15 cm的紫外线对施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)精子进行4～7 min的照射,用照射后的精子对匙吻鲟(Polyodon spathula)卵进行人工授精,以探索精子的最佳紫外线照射时间.设计热休克起始时间、持续时间和休克温度3因子、3水平的正交试验,以探索人工诱导匙吻鲟雌核发育的理想热休克条件.结果表明:用紫外线照射5 min处理的施氏鲟精子,与匙吻鲟卵受精所得胚胎经染色体观察均为单倍体(n=60),表明照射精子遗传失活的有效性和可靠性;若热休克处理前受精卵保持在(18±013)℃,在一定的休克温度(35～39℃)条件下,于不同时间(受精后16～20 min)起始热休克,持续处理2 min均能诱导受精卵染色体加倍.对热休克处理条件的优化结果表明,将受精卵于受精后18 min,在37℃的水中热休克处理2 min,二倍体诱导率最高,达18.8%.染色体鉴定显示,该条件下处理的胚胎均为二倍体(2n=120),未发现单倍体和非整倍体.本研究为进一步分析异源精子诱导匙吻鲟雌核发育机制以及匙吻鲟性别决定的分子机制奠定了基础. 相似文献
11.
Fast development of genetically uniform strains by gynogenesis in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hongbo Jiang Haijin Liu Guixing Wang Xiaoyan Zhang Jie Bao Li Jiang 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2032-2038
The Japanese flounder is a major species in both aquaculture and research. Inbred strains of Japanese flounder were developed efficiently in our laboratory by meiotic and mitotic gynogenetic reproduction techniques. To determine the induction efficiency of gynogenesis and the rate at which full homozygosity is produced, six meiotic gynogenetic females (G1–G6) that had experienced meiotic gynogenesis once and three common females (C1–C3) were selected for production of mitotic gynogenesis in our experiments. Of the nine adult females, all six gynogenetic fish successfully produced viable offspring. However, only one of the three common fish did. Using microsatellite markers, we estimated the homozygosity of gynogenetic fish induced by mitotic gynogenesis. We found that the homozygosity of seven lines (C1, G1–G6) increased quickly, individually from 43%, 72%, 69%, 71%, 78%, 69% and 58% to 100%, 100%, 100%, 90%, 100%, 100% and 90% offspring complete homozygosity. Under mitotic gynogenesis, individuals with higher homozygosity had a higher induction rate. The G4 line showed the highest induction rate, achieving 44.59% convert hatching rate and 29.28% convert normality rate. We conclude that meiotic gynogenesis may be a feasible method to produce DH genetic material in Japanese flounder. 相似文献
12.
牙鲆雌核发育研究进展 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)是一种重要的海水经济鱼类,其雌性生长速度显著快于雄性。因此,生产全雌牙鲆对提高养殖产量和经济效益具有重要意义。雌核发育是一种特殊的有性生殖方式,在这种生殖方式中,灭活的精子进入卵子,激活胚胎发育,但精核不与卵核融合形成合子,所以雌核发育的个体只具有母本的遗传信息。目前,牙鲆已成为雌核发育技术应用于产业的代表性鱼类。本文对牙鲆人工诱导雌核发育的研究进展进行综述,介绍牙鲆减数分裂雌核发育和有丝分裂雌核发育的诱导方法,以及雌核发育技术在性别控制、克隆制备等育种研究中的应用。最后,作者提出"雌核发育育种体系"构想,并对其在鱼类育种和遗传研究中的应用前景进行展望。 相似文献
13.
雌核发育与正常二倍体条斑星鲽胚胎发育比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在用牙鲆精子诱导条斑星鲽雌核发育的同时,对条斑星鲽单倍体、雌核发育胚胎发育过程进行了观察,并与普通胚胎发育作了比较.观察结果表明,(1)单倍体胚胎,卵裂开始至64细胞期,发育速度较普通胚胎发育发育速度明显缓慢,至多细胞期发育速度相同,历时14 h;到达高囊胚期比普通二倍体慢1.5 h,到达低囊胚期发育速度相同,历时31 h;到达原肠末期、神经胚期、晶体形成期历时相同,其他发育时期一直处于缓慢状态;孵化仔鱼具有明显的单倍体综合症.(2)雌核发育与普通胚胎的发育的特征相比无明显区别,在卵裂期发育速度明显迟缓,但在囊胚期以后,所用时间基本相同;孵化时间比普通胚胎长约1 h.(3)与普通胚胎相比,雌核发育胚胎、单倍体胚胎孵化率较低,仔鱼畸形率高. 相似文献
14.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):155-162
Abstract Summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, aquaculture has shown promise over the recent past and a considerable body of knowledge is amassing for this species of flatfish. Even with the amassing data, basic information on environmental parameter ranges to maintain in indoor culture systems is still lacking. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to elucidate a temperature range that may be best suited for juvenile summer flounder production in indoor recirculating aquaculture. A 10-week study was designed to address 19, 24 and 29°C as potential temperatures for the culture of summer flounder. Fish averaging 9.5 g initial weight were stocked into triplicate 20-L aquaria per treatment after conditioning to their respective temperatures for 1 week. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily a 50% crude protein fingerling diet and weighed every 2 weeks to assess growth rates. Juvenile summer flounder grew better at 24 and 29°C (167 and 197% increase initial weight, respectively) than at 19°C (97% increase in initial weight) with increased individual fish variation within a treatment as temperature increased above 19°C. Feed efficiency was greatest at 24 and 29°C (0.65 and 0.57, respectively), but survival decreased at temperatures above 19°C (93, 60 and 57% for 19, 24 and 29°C, respectively). There was no effect of temperature on the hepatosomatic index or interior muscle ratio, but the finray muscle ratio was slightly elevated when flounder were cultured at 29°C. The lipid content of the finray muscle and liver also increased at 29°C. Therefore, 24°C appears to be the best culture temperature for summer flounder with respect to growth rates and efficiency, but survival and homogeneity of flounder may be lowered at temperatures above 19°C. 相似文献
15.
牙鲆连续两代减数分裂雌核发育家系的遗传特征 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)减数分裂雌核发育二倍体(Meio-G1)再次诱导减数分裂雌核发育,获得连续两代雌核发育二倍体家系(Meio-G2),以Meio-G1亲本与1尾普通牙鲆雄鱼人工授精获得的家系作为对照组(control)。利用15个微卫星标记对3个家系进行遗传特征分析。结果显示,15个微卫星位点在Meio-G1、Meio-G2和对照组3个家系中,分别扩增到30、28、50个等位基因,平均等位基因数为2.0、1.9、3.3,平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.875 3、0.774 2、0.908 3,平均纯合度分别为0.124 7、0.221 5、0.091 7。3个家系个体间的平均遗传相似系数分别为0.891 7、0.923 8、0.520 2,亲代与子代之间的平均相似系数分别为0.916 6、0.930 4、0.560 3。高重组率的Poli9-8tuf、Poli18tuf、Poli107tuf 3个位点在Meio-G1和Meio-G2中观测杂合度均为1.0,低重组率的Poli33tuf、Poli24MHFS两个位点在Meio-G1和Meio-G2中均全部纯合,观测杂合度为0。结果表明,Meio-G2的纯合度、个体间平均相似系数以及亲子之间的平均相似度均略高于Meio-G1,显著高于对照组家系,证明连续两代诱导减数分裂雌核发育,能提高鱼类纯合度和遗传相似度,具有固定母本遗传性状的作用。 相似文献
16.
采用紫外线照射灭活精子,经冷休克诱导染色体加倍的方法对翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)进行人工诱导雌核发育育种。灭活翘嘴鳜精子,紫外线照射剂量80 mJ/cm2是最佳的辐射剂量。冷休克结果表明,在0～3℃冰水下,冷休克起始时间为授精后3～7 min均有效,以5 min为最适;冷休克持续时间10-50 min均有效,以30 min最佳。综合以上两项因素,授精5 min后,休克时间持续30 min组的原肠胚存活率和孵化率均为最高,与其他处理组差异显著(P<0.05),此时雌核发育率最高,达到4.72%。 相似文献
17.
Induced diploid gynogenesis and polyploidy in crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch), x common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., hybrids. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
N.B. Cherfas B.I. Gomelsky O.V. Emelyanova A.V. Recoubratsky 《Aquaculture Research》1994,25(9):943-954
Abstract. Results of a 16 year (1977–1992) study of hybrids obtained from crossing two cyprinid fish, crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch) (bisexual form), and common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., are presented. The ability to produce diploid eggs in F1 females (resulting from chromosome endoreduplication in early oogenesis) was responsible for the high yield of spontaneous diploids in gynogenetic progenies of F1 females and for triploidy in hybrids from back-crosses of F1 females with males of the parent species. Different types of hybrids, including diploid and triploid gynogenetic, tetraploid (amphidiploid) and androgenetic progenies, were obtained. Diploid and some triploid hybrids (females only) were reproduced inter se by induced gynogenesis in several subsequent gynogenetic generations. Amphidiploid hybrids were obtained by crossing triploid F8 females with diploid common carp males or by crossing diploid gynogenetic females with diploid inverted hybrid males producing diploid sperm. Results of cytogenetic investigations and fish culture properties in hybrids are presented. The scientific and practical significance of the data obtained are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Eric Gauger Roxanna Smolowitz Kevin Uhlinger Jessica Casey Marta Gmez-Chiarri 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):10-20
A monitoring program for Vibrio harveyi and other potential bacterial pathogens of summer flounder was conducted at two facilities in the Northeast United States. Bacterial samples were collected from larval and juvenile fish and live-feed, and identified using API 20E biochemical profiles and 16S rDNA sequencing. Histopathological examinations were conducted in order to relate histological changes with the presence of potential bacterial pathogens. V. harveyi, Vibrio ichthyoenteri, and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, three known pathogens of flatfish, were isolated from diseased summer flounder. Although a high proportion of juvenile summer flounder showed microscopic signs of disease, the presence of these potential bacterial pathogens in fish was not associated with large-scale mortalities. An outbreak of flounder infectious necrotizing enteritis with 30% cumulative mortality occurred when juveniles were transported to a new facility. Isolates of V. harveyi from the disease outbreak were genetically different from the isolates from the commercial hatchery. V. harveyi isolates from both facilities were pathogenic to summer flounder by intraperitoneal injection. P. damselae subsp. damselae, V. ichthyoenteri, and Vibrio scophthalmi, also found in fish with gross lesions, were not pathogenic to juvenile summer flounder by intraperitoneal injection. Our research shows that several potential bacterial pathogens are associated with morbidity and mortality in summer flounder larvae and juveniles, especially in situations of stress. Increased knowledge about the environmental conditions that lead to disease, as well as the interactions of V. harveyi with other microbial species, could lead to the development of management strategies in summer flounder farms. 相似文献
19.
Effects of Rotifer and Artemia Fatty-Acid Enrichment on Survival, Growth and Pigmentation of Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus Larvae 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Edward P. Baker David Alves David A. Bengtson 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1998,29(4):494-498
Abstract— Enrichment of live food for marine fish larvae with highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) has been shown to improve survival, growth and stress resistance in many species and to decrease pigmentation abnormalities in flatfish. In order to aid the developing summer flounder industry, we conducted an experiment in which summer flounder larvae were fed diets differing in HUFA composition to determine whether enrichment with a commercially available product would increase survival and growth and reduce the incidence of abnormal pigmentation. We also examined whether growing unenriched rotifers on different species of algae would affect the survival, growth and pigmentation of the flounder larvae to which they were fed. Growth of summer flounder larvae was significantly better when they were fed HUFA-enriched Mtifers and Artemia rather than unenriched and, among the unenriched treatments, was significantly better when the larvae were fed rotifers raised on Isochrysis galbana rather than on Tetraselmis suecica . The percentage of larvae that failed to complete metamorphosis during the experiment was significantly higher in the unenriched treatments than in the enriched treatments. Neither survival nor percentage of individuals with pigmentation abnormalities were significantly different among the treatments. 相似文献