共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 578 毫秒
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运用石蜡切片技术和扫描电镜技术对稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)鳃结构进行观察,并采用浓度为2 mg/L的Cd Cl_2水溶液对稀有鮈鲫进行急性毒理实验。结果显示:稀有鮈鲫具4对鳃,由鳃耙、鳃弓、鳃丝及鳃小片组成。鳃的各个部位表面均有上皮细胞覆盖;鳃耙和鳃弓具味蕾,鳃弓上还具不同类型的黏液细胞;相邻鳃小片的上皮细胞间也分布有黏液细胞,在鳃小片基部有氯细胞着生。鳃丝表面有不规则凹陷和微嵴,具沟、坑、孔等结构;鳃小片两面均呈凹凸状。在2 mg/L的Cd Cl_2水溶液暴露下,鳃受到损伤,发生鳃小片充血呈球状,鳃上皮水肿、脱落,黏液细胞增多等现象;并随时间延长受损程度加重。 相似文献
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黄鳍鲷和尼罗罗非鱼鳃丝表面结构扫描电镜观察 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄鳍鲷Sarus latus和尼罗罗非鱼Oreochromis nilotica鳃丝和鳃小片表面都具有规则或不规则分布的环形微嵴、沟状或坑状凹陷及孔洞等结构.黄鳍鲷的鳃丝表面一部分鳃丝表皮凹凸不平,另一部分鳃丝表皮较为平坦.黄鳍鲷和尼罗罗非鱼鳃上皮几种细胞的形态结构及数量分布存在细微的差异.黄鳍鲷的扁平上皮细胞表面观以不规则的六边形为主,或类似菱形的四边形,细胞间界限清楚,而尼罗罗非鱼鳃丝细胞表面的微嵴以形成密集指纹状回路,隆起的微嵴两侧有细小的横突,扁平上皮细胞间排列凹凸不平,形成深沟或凹坑,成为细胞间明确的界线.黄鳍鲷鳃丝表面的氯细胞和粘液细胞数量较多,尼罗罗非鱼鳃丝表面基本上没有观察到氯细胞,粘液细胞很少.黄鳍鲷鳃小片的厚度比尼罗罗非鱼鳃小片的厚. 相似文献
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本研究运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及透射电镜技术研究了南海北部黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)幼鱼和成鱼鳃的显微组织结构、鳃表面超微结构和鳃小片内部超微结构特点。结果表明, 黄鳍金枪鱼鳃丝顶端弯曲, 鳃弓、 鳃丝和鳃耙表面具有不同类型的细胞。表面超微结构研究显示黄鳍金枪鱼的鳃具有高的片层密度、独特的斜向血流模式以及鳃的融合特性, 幼鱼和成鱼鳃结构之间存在显著不同。鳃小片内部超微结构研究显示鳃扁平上皮细胞覆盖于鳃丝和鳃小片表面, 顶端存在微绒毛或微脊结构, 相对幼鱼, 成鱼具有高的细胞质密度; 离子细胞主要分布于鳃小片以及鳃小片基部, 幼鱼离子细胞顶端开口为微绒毛, 成鱼为小坑状。本研究阐明了黄鳍金枪鱼幼鱼和成鱼鳃的组织结构, 丰富了黄鳍金枪鱼鳃的基础生物学资料, 为研究高速游泳鱼类鳃的形态特征与其高速游泳习性之间的关系提供了参考。 相似文献
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采用组织切片和透射电镜技术对人工培育四指马鲅(Eleutheronema tetradactylum)鳃结构及其早期(1—35日龄)发育进行观察。结果显示,鳃耙列齿状,鳃丝梳状排列在鳃弓上,鳃小片排列在鳃丝两边。透射电镜下鳃小片主要由线粒体丰富细胞(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型)、扁平上皮细胞、柱细胞、血细胞、黏液细胞和未分化细胞组成。四指马鲅鳃早期发育显示,1日龄鳃原基形成;3日龄出现鳃弓,有扁平上皮细胞和血细胞;5日龄出现鳃小片,鳃小片上有柱细胞,基部有线粒体丰富细胞;18日龄鳃小片增多,鳃结构完善;35日龄鳃结构基本和成鱼一致。根据发育特点将其分为3个阶段:第1阶段(0—3日龄)为原基期,鳃原基形成但未分化,仔鱼主要靠鳍褶、皮肤和卵黄囊上的微血管进行呼吸;第2阶段(4—17日龄)为鳃结构分化、发育期,鳃耙、鳃弓、鳃丝、鳃小片逐渐形成,具备鳃基本的结构特点;第3阶段(18—35日龄)为鳃结构完善期,鳃组织发育主要体现在数量和形状的变化。 相似文献
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鲤鱼鳃组织结构及鳃对重金属离子的耐受性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用不同浓度的重金属对鲤鱼进行不同时间的中毒试验，构成了鳃组织的耐量试验。试验表明，当超过鳃的耐受量时，鳃发生了不同阶段的病变。在低浓度短时间作用下，鳃组织分泌的粘液增多。随着浓度的增加和时间的延长，鳃组织出现鳃血管扩充、充血，呼吸上皮肿胀，鳃小片呈棍棒状，相邻几条鳃丝发生融合，形成一片细胞板。有些鳃细胞脱离。病状严重时造成鳃小片坏死、解体导致鳃功能的损害和破坏。 相似文献
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对两种鲈形目鱼类红笛鲷Lutjanus erythopterus和卵形鲳碜Trachinotus ovatus的鳃结构进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明，红笛鲷和卵形鲳够鳃的表面结构和微细结构与其他硬骨鱼类基本相似，鳃丝表面都具有规则或不规则分布的环形微嵴、沟、坑、孔等结构。红笛鲷的中部鳃丝表面一部分较为平坦，基部鳃丝表面则凹凸不平。红笛鲷的鳃小片高度要较卵形鲳够鳃小片高。红笛鲷和卵形鲳够鳃上皮的几种细胞的形态结构及数量分布存在细微的差异。红笛鲷鳃上的扁平上皮细胞界限清楚，而卵形鲳够鳃上扁平上皮细胞表面遍布不规则的微嵴，细胞界限模糊。红笛鲷鳃丝表面的氯细胞数量多于卵形鲳够，这可能与两种鱼对生活环境、生活习性的长期演变相关。 相似文献
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报道了患短钩拟指环虫病欧洲鳗的症状、流行状况和鳃显微组织病理.游动和呼吸频率异常、鳃丝浮肿和鳃上粘液增多为该病的主要症状.该病尽管在冬季也有发生,但水温在26℃以上的春末、夏季和秋初是最易发病的流行季节,流行出现明显的季节性变化.患病欧洲鳗鳃的组织病理变化主要表现出5种类型,其一是鳃小片上皮细胞增生,使邻近的鳃小片相连;其二是鳃小片粘液细胞增生,同样使鳃小片连成一片,增生的粘液细胞经阿利新蓝(Alclan blue)和过碘酸雪夫氏(Periodic acid schiff)二者联合染色后呈蓝紫色的染色反应,属于Ⅳ型的粘液细胞;其三是鳃小片肿大,但单层扁平上皮细胞无肿大现象,上皮细胞层与毛细血管相分离,鳃小片上皮细胞坏死,上皮细胞层破裂,血细胞外溢,鳃小片上皮细胞坏死脱落后,失去鳃小片原有的结构;其四是鳃小片肿大同时伴随单层扁平上皮细胞肿大,进一步发展,鳃小片上皮细胞坏死脱落后,鳃小片同样失去原有的结构;其五是鳃小片毛细血管严重充血扩张,比原毛细血管扩张几倍到十几倍,形成充满红细胞的棒状到球状的动脉瘤.结果表明鳃上皮细胞增生、粘液细胞增生、鳃小片肿大、上皮细胞坏死脱落和严重充血成动脉瘤等病理变化都可导致患病欧洲鳗呼吸困难,轻者影响其生长,重者最终因呼吸衰竭而死亡. 相似文献
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Adult and preadult Dissonus manteri attached to the gills of Plectropomus leopardus cause significant pathology in the form of large hyperplastic nodules on the afferent (leading) edges of gill filaments. Nodules result from the dual actions of parasite attachment and feeding. The host response is characterized by severe epithelial hyperplasia, supplemented by fibroplasia and inflammation. Parasites attach close to the gill arch near the base of filaments. They have little effect on gill vasculature as the maxillipeds penetrate the filament superficial to the efferent filament artery and do not interfere with the blood vessels of the secondary lamellae. Tissue proliferation is limited to the wide portion of filament 'edge' epithelium in the proximal third and also does not extend to the secondary lamellae. Nodules are most numerous towards the ends of hemibranchs and are generally absent from the central regions. Leading hemibranchs bear significantly more nodules than their trailing counterparts. Of the total number of nodules, 20.5% are located on the pseudobranchs. Distribution patterns are considered to be primarily the result of D. manteri avoiding strong water currents, although this cannot explain the difference between numbers on leading and trailing hemibranchs. 相似文献
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2015年,山东省某养殖场工厂化养殖的斑石鲷(Oplegnathus puncatus)幼鱼(全长为15 cm左右)因病陆续死亡,15d内累积死亡率达40％以上.现场调查发现,发病池水温为21℃,盐度为30.患病鱼群散开、不聚集.病鱼身体侧偏,活力差,常贴底或者贴壁,严重者随着水流漂流.病鱼呼吸困难,口部持续张开,鳃盖开合频繁,对投喂的食物无反应.但病鱼反应灵敏,难以捕捉.临床检查和剖检可见病鱼鳃表面覆盖着大量黏液,鳃丝有损伤,肠道无食物.取病鱼鳃丝制成水浸片,在光学显微镜下观察,鳃丝上可见到许多直径约为30-70 μm的囊肿物,外观圆形或卵圆形,呈浅黄棕色.在苏木精-伊红染色的石蜡切片中,病鱼次级鳃丝末端粘连,许多上皮细胞膨大呈囊肿状.囊肿嗜碱性,内部均质化.在扫描电子显微镜下观察,病鱼鳃丝呈棍棒化,鳃小片被大量黏液覆盖,表面光滑的囊肿细胞镶嵌其间.通过上述疾病现场调查、病鱼的临床检查、鳃组织的光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜病理观察,可以初步确定该病为斑石鲷上皮囊肿病.这是上皮囊肿病在中国养殖斑石鲷中首次被发现和记载. 相似文献
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用XTL-2400型解剖镜连续观察苏氏圆腹鱼芒胚胎和仔鱼的发育过程,描述了各发育阶段特征;用XS-18型显微镜观察其器官发育特征和结构,并用数码照相机拍摄和记录。在水温29~31℃时,孵化时间为19 h,孵出仔鱼后70 h卵黄囊基本消失,90 h开始摄食。虽然水温稍有不同,苏氏圆腹鱼芒的胚胎发育速度比同属鲶形目的鄱阳湖黄颡鱼(55 h15 min)、瓦氏黄颡鱼(49 h15 min)、南方大口鲶(53 h25 min)和不同目的白鲢(31 h35 min)、多鳞鱚(36 h30 min)、银鲈(32 h)、梭鲈(106 h)要快得多。 相似文献
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T. K. Banerjee 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(4):441-454
Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized
skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously
stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills
include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae
causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled
regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following
lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration
of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion
of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing
blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to
the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride
cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology
of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also
shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin
that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants. 相似文献
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Abstract. A method has been developed to maintain gills from rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in vitro. The gill organ cultures were used to examine the cytotoxic capacities of Mycoplasma mobile 163 K, isolated from the gills of a tench, Tinea tinea L. Histological investigations using light and electron microscopy showed that M. mobile causes heavy damage to the gill epithelium characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization, peripheral orientation of the condensed nuclear chromatin, separation of the epithelial cells from each other and from the basal membrane, desquamation of the epithelial layer, shrinkage of the cytoplasmic net structure, and a swollen and bleb–like appearance of the apical area of the secondary lamella. The gill organ culture appears to be a suitable model to investigate the cell injuring capacity of M. mobile and may also be applicable to the study of the pathogenic properties of other microorganisms or viruses of fish. 相似文献
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褶纹冠蚌鳃的组织学和扫描电镜观察 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
利用光镜和扫描电镜研究了雌性褶纹冠蚌外瓣鳃的组织学和形态。结果表明，雌性褶纹冠蚌具一对外瓣鳃，每个外瓣鳃都由内，外二鳃小瓣构成，每片鳃小瓣又由许多纵行排列的鳃丝组成，鳃丝表面具前纤毛，前侧纤毛和侧纤毛，其壁主要由角质层，上皮和基膜组成，内含几丁质棒，鳃腺和血管。相邻鳃丝之间由丝间隔相连，鳃小瓣内的空腔被瓣间隔分隔成许多鳃水管。丝间隔和瓣间隔的壁主要由单层柱状上皮和基膜组成，其内均有血管分布，在繁殖期间瓣间隔形态发生变化，将鳃水管分隔成许多小室，形成胚胎发育的卵化室。 相似文献