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鱼类粘膜免疫研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
Fish immunology has achieved great progress in recent years. While before 1990s, most researches focused on the fish systematic immunity, and the mucosal immunity of fish had not been given enough attention. Indeed, it has been shown that fish mucosal immunity plays an important role in disease defense. Fish mucosal immunity research has made some exciting progress in this decade. This review will focus on such progress: Constitution of mucosal-associated tissues and distribution of different immune cells, including T/B lymphocytes, granules, monocytes, macrophages, goblet cells, etc, in these sites have been well described with the development of some monoclonal antibody to these cells and associated techniques. Non-specific immune response mechanism of mucosal tissues reported these years, such as secretion of non-specific anti-bacteria and anti-fungi substances in mucus, the respiratory burst, enzyme activity of immune cells and so on, is believed important for fish disease defense. The specific immunity of mucosal tissues also attracts much interest and makes great achievement in antigen presenting, MHC genes, antibody producing and antibody secreting cells, comparison of serum and mucus immunoglobulin, relationships of immune response between different mucosal immune tissues. Whether mucosal immune system is independent of systematic immune system is another interesting question and causes great concern. In recent years, some evidences from phyletic evolution and ontogenesis show that mucosal immunity is prior to systematic immunity in evolution. Dynamics of antibody producing of mucosal tissues and serum in immersion or oral vaccines immunized fish also shows immune response can be elicited in mucosal tissues independent of systematic immune system. Some researchers also begin to pay attention to factors involved in mucosal immune regulations, for instance, neuromodulators and cytokines. The level of these factors changes in fish immune response process but the mechanisms of regulation still remain unknown. Prospect of the promising future of fish mucosal immunity has also been discussed in this review. 相似文献
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刺激隐核虫是一种原生纤毛类寄生虫,可以感染几乎所有海水硬骨鱼类并导致死亡,给海水鱼类养殖业造成巨大经济损失。由于刺激隐核虫体表寄生的特性,使其成为研究鱼类黏膜免疫机制的良好病原模型,可为高效疫苗的研发提供理论依据。本文综述了鱼类抗刺激隐核虫感染的黏膜免疫研究进展,以期为开展海水鱼类抗刺激隐核虫感染的免疫防控措施研究提供理论支撑。已有研究表明,受刺激隐核虫感染后,斜带石斑鱼皮肤黏液或其培养上清液能使幼虫发生阻动,由皮肤中的抗体分泌细胞产生的特异性IgM抗体在抗寄生虫感染中发挥重要作用;同时在刺激隐核虫感染时,多种免疫细胞如NCC细胞、中性粒细胞等在寄生虫周围聚集,趋化因子以及趋化因子受体表达量在寄生虫感染部位上调,暗示其调节的免疫细胞也参与抗虫免疫;此外,研究发现黄斑蓝子鱼对刺激隐核虫具有天然抗性,其血清和皮肤黏液对刺激隐核虫幼虫和滋养体均具有杀灭作用,已从其血清中分离到一种天然抗虫蛋白—L-氨基酸氧化酶,为刺激隐核虫病的防控提供新的途径;在理论研究的基础上,通过免疫实验证实疫苗防控刺激隐核虫病是可行的。 相似文献
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Liang Guo Pei-Ying He Ke-Cheng Zhu Hua-Yang Guo Bao-Suo Liu Nan Zhang Shi-Gui Jiang Dian-Chang Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2022,53(1):208-220
‘Marine white spot disease’ is caused by Cryptocaryon irritans infection and can lead to high mortality in Trachinotus ovatus. L-Amino acid oxides (LAAOs) play a key role in antibacterial activity and parasitic activity. To investigate the function of the LAAO (ToLAAO) and LAAO-like (ToLAAO-like) genes of T. ovatus, this study explored the sequence characteristics and relationship between polymorphisms and traits of anti-C. irritans. The ToLAAO and ToLAAO-like ORF sequences obtained from the whole genome of T. ovatus were 1563 and 1584 bp, which encoded 520 and 527 amino acids respectively. Both sequences contained a highly conserved flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding domain and a similar amino oxidase domain. Sequence multiple alignment analysis showed that ToLAAO and ToLAAO-like had the highest homology to the LAAO sequence of Larimichthys crocea. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that ToLAAO and ToLAAO-like mRNA were generally expressed in 10 tissues. ToLAAO mRNA was highly expressed in the testis, while ToLAAO-like mRNA was highly expressed in muscle tissue. After C. irritans infection, ToLAAO and ToLAAO-like mRNA were significantly upregulated in the skin and spleen, while only ToLAAO mRNA was significantly upregulated in the liver and head kidney, and only ToLAAO-like mRNA was significantly upregulated in the gills. Five SNP sites were identified from the ToLAAO and ToLAAO-like genomic sequence fragments, and two sites (6200C/T and 6237G/A) of LAAO were significantly associated with resistance to C. irritans. These results suggest that ToLAAO and ToLAAO-like genes play crucial roles in defending against the immune response to C. irritans. 相似文献
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星斑川鲽MHCⅡ恒定链Ii基因的克隆和表达特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究星斑川鲽MHCⅡ类分子的作用及调控机制,实验通过SMART-RACE技术克隆得到了星斑川鲽MHCⅡ恒定链(MHCⅡIi)的全长cDNA序列,其长度为1766 bp,包含135 bp的5′非编码区、837 bp的开放阅读框和794 bp的3′非编码区。该基因共编码279个氨基酸。理论分子量为30.848 ku,等电点为6.89。与已知物种MHCⅡIi进行同源性比对,结果与狼鲈、紫红笛鲷和鳜关系较近,同源性均为79%。利用quantitative realtime PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测了MHCⅡIi在星斑川鲽不同组织中的表达,以及爱德华氏菌感染前后对该基因在不同组织中表达水平的影响,结果显示:在脾脏、头肾、肝脏、后肠、性腺、心脏、血液、鳃和肌肉组织中,MHCⅡIi mRNA均有表达,但在表达量上有明显差异,脾脏和头肾组织相对表达水平较高,鳃、血液、肌肉、心脏和性腺中的表达水平较低。病原感染后,免疫相关组织脾脏和头肾的表达水平升高最明显,肝脏和后肠的表达水平也略有升高,但变化不明显。本研究可为星斑川鲽MHCⅡ类分子的作用机理提供理论依据,同时为海水养殖鱼类的抗病遗传育种工作提供研究基础。 相似文献
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Effect of hydrogen peroxide and/or Flavobacterium psychrophilum on the gills of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) 
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下载免费PDF全文 The immune response and morphological changes in the gills of rainbow trout fry after immersion in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Flavobacterium psychrophilum or combined exposure were examined. The gills were sampled 4, 48, 125 and 192 h after exposure, and the regulation of expression of the following genes was investigated using qPCR: IgT, IgM, CD8, CD4, MHC I, MHC II, IL-4/13A, TcR-β, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-17, SAA and FoxP3. Bacteria were not observed in haematoxylin-and-eosin-stained gill tissue, but the presence of F. psychrophilum 16S rRNA was detected using qPCR. The 16S rRNA levels were correlated with gene expression. Although pretreatment with H2O2 before immersion in F. psychrophilum did not significantly alter the amount of bacteria found in the gill, the immune response was influenced: exposure to F. psychrophilum resulted in a negative correlation with expression of IL-17c1, MHC I and MHC II, while pretreatment with H2O2 resulted in a positive correlation with IL-4/13A and IgM. Exposure to either H2O2 or F. psychrophilum influenced the regulation of gene expression and damaged tissue. Exposure to both combined altered the immune response to infection and postponed healing of gill tissue. 相似文献
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Xiuxia Chen Hongshu Chi Binfu Xu Zaiyu Zheng Jia Chen Ling Ke Hui Gong 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(10):2802-2809
This study aimed to investigate effects of bovine serum albumin immune‐stimulating complexes (BSA ISCOMs) on immune‐related genes expression, serum nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Fish were fed diets containing 3.5 ml of BSA ISCOMs per kg feed (experimental group) or 3.5 ml of phosphate‐buffered saline per kg feed (control group) for 1 week. The liver, spleen, head‐kidney tissues were sampled for determining gene expression of myxovirus‐resistant protein (Mx), major histocompatibility complex class II alpha chain (MHC II α), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) 30 and 90 days after feeding. Also, blood samples were collected for determining activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), interferon alpha (IFN‐α), TNF‐α and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). TNF‐α and MHCⅡα gene expression in the liver, spleen, head‐kidney, as well as IFN‐α, TNF‐α and ALP activities in the serum, of experimental fish were significantly higher 30 days after feeding; while only TNF‐α and MHC II gene expression in the head‐kidney remained upregulated 90 days after feeding. The cumulative mortality of the experimental fish was significantly lower than control. This study indicated that BSA ISCOMs improved the immune response and induced protective immunity in large yellow croaker. 相似文献
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The grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes), is one of the most extensively aquacultured freshwater fish in China. However, because of the lack of effective control measures and the high‐density culture environment, considerable economic losses are caused by infection of C. idella with the parasitic ciliate, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. The major histocompatibility (MH) DAB gene belongs to antigen‐presented genes in the class II genomic region, which is associated with parasite resistance. To understand the relationship of the DAB gene with I. multifiliis infection in grass carp, the expression profiles of MH II‐DAB were studied in tissues using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that expression of the MH II‐DAB gene was up‐regulated in head kidney after I. multifiliis infection, and the expression peak appeared earlier in the study (case) group than in the control group. The obvious up‐regulation peak of MH II‐DAB gene was found at days 2 and 4 in skin; at 12 h to day 4 in spleen; at 12 h and days 1 and 6 in gill; and at day 10 in blood, whereas the MH II‐DAB gene was down‐regulated in liver and intestines after I. multifiliis infection. These results have implications for better understanding C. idella resistance to I. multifiliis infection. 相似文献
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为进一步了解鱼类MHC ⅡA基因的特点及其在免疫反应中的功能,采用同源克隆、RACE-PCR、巢式PCR等技术,从健康的尼罗罗非鱼体获得1 205 bp的MHC ⅡA基因cDNA全序列(Orni-DBA-0101,Genebank登录号:JF719813)及1 388 bp的基因组序列。序列分析发现,尼罗罗非鱼MHC ⅡA基因含4个外显子和3个内含子,开放阅读框长720 bp,编码239个氨基酸。从4尾尼罗罗非鱼中共得到8条不同的cDNA序列,分别编码不同的氨基酸序列。氨基酸序列比对后发现,序列间存在丰富的多态性,且主要集中在α-1区,多态性位点数远远高于半滑舌鳎MHC ⅡA基因。生物信息学分析表明,尼罗罗非鱼MHC ⅡA编码的蛋白质分子包含1个信号肽、2个胞外结构域、1个跨膜区和1个胞质区,存在4个保守的半胱氨酸残基以及丰富的磷酸化位点,与其他物种的相似性为23%～65%。RT-PCR结果表明,MHC ⅡA基因在脾、肾、肠、鳃、性腺、肝、心脏表达量很高,在鳔和肌肉中表达量最低。人工感染嗜水气单胞菌后,肝、脾、肾、鳃、肠5个组织中MHC ⅡA基因的mRNA水平均发生了不同程度的变化,提示MHC ⅡA分子作为一种重要的免疫因子,在清除病原的免疫反应中起着重要作用。 相似文献
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The ability of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (RBT), to produce a localized mucosal immune response was investigated following intraperitoneal (i.p.) or peranal (p.a.) immunization with a protein-hapten carrier, fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (FITC/KLH). Antibody levels in serum, mucus, tissue culture supernatant from blood and spleen leucocytes, and excised skin, intestine and gill tissues were determined by ELISA. Significantly, elevated antigen-specific antibodies were elicited in both serum and mucus of fish immunized i.p. Mucosal antibody responses, in general, paralleled serum responses over time. Leucocytes isolated from spleen and blood of i.p. immunized fish at week 10 produced significantly elevated antibody levels against FITC when cultured in vitro. Excised skin, intestine and gill tissues from these fish also exhibited significantly elevated antibody responses indicating localized production in the mucosa from tissue-specific B cells. A localized mucosal immune response was elicited only after i.p. and not p.a. immunization, suggesting that systemically stimulated B cells migrate to mucosal tissues where they produce antibodies locally. 相似文献
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Syed Shariq N. Qadiri Marappan Makesh Kooloth V. Rajendran Gaurav Rathore Chandra S. Purushothaman 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(4):856-865
Mucosal immune barriers confer protection against invading fish pathogens. Here, we conducted an experiment for 60 days to assess the mucosal and systemic immune response in Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), an Indian major carp. Fish were immunized with inactivated Edwardsiella tarda by four different routes, namely, oral, immersion, injection, and anal intubation. An indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the specific immune response (antibody) in serum and mucus (collected from skin, gill, and gut) of the fish on 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days postimmunization. For specific immune response in the serum, significantly higher (p < 0.05) optical density (OD) values were obtained in the anal group (0.52 ± 0.03) and in the oral group (0.48 ± 0.03). In the skin mucus, significantly higher OD values were obtained in the oral group (0.48 ± 0.04) and immersion group (0.32 ± 0.03). In the gill mucus, significantly higher OD values were obtained in the oral group (0.82 ± 0.08) and the immersion group (0.73 ± 0.03). In the gut mucus, significantly higher OD values were obtained in the immersion group (0.080 ± 0.007) compared to the rest of the treatments. Fish from all the groups were challenged with LD50 dose of E. tarda at the end of the experiment. We conclude that oral and immersion immunization routes offer better protection of C. mrigala compared to other antigen delivery routes. 相似文献
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Cryptocaryon irritans recombinant proteins as potential antigens for sero‐surveillance of cryptocaryonosis 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Cryptocaryonosis is a major problem for mariculture, and the absence of suitable sero‐surveillance tools for the detection of cryptocaryonosis makes it difficult to screen Cryptocaryon irritans‐infected fish, particularly asymptomatic fish. In this study, we proposed a serum‐based assay using selected C. irritans proteins to screen infected and asymptomatic fish. Eight highly expressed genes were chosen from an earlier study on C. irritans expressed sequence tags and ciliate glutamine codons were converted to universal glutamine codons. The chemically synthesized C. irritans genes were then expressed in an Escherichia coli expression host under optimized conditions. Five C. irritans proteins were successfully expressed in E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. These proteins were used as antigens in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen sera from experimentally immunized fish and naturally infected fish. Sera from both categories of fish reacted equally well with the expressed C. irritans recombinant proteins as well as with sonicated theronts. This study demonstrated the utility of producing ciliate recombinant proteins in a heterologous expression host. An ELISA was successfully developed to diagnose infected and asymptomatic fish using the recombinant proteins as antigens. 相似文献
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为探究金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus)MHC Ⅱβ基因的结构和特性,采用同源克隆和RACE等技术,在获得cDNA全序列的基础上,分析其内含子序列、基因多态性和组织表达情况。结果表明,金钱鱼MHC IⅡβ基因cDNA序列全长1172 bp,其中5′UTR长34 bp,3′UTR长388 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长750 bp,编码249个氨基酸,包含信号肽、β1结构域、β2结构域、连接肽(CP)、跨膜区(TM)和胞质区(CYT);MHC Ⅱβ基因由6个外显子和5个内含子组成,其中内含子3将β2结构域分开。从43尾金钱鱼的209个有效克隆中,获得209条不同的核苷酸序列,可归为48个等位基因主型,分别命名为Scar-DXB*0101~Scar-DXB*4801,揭示金钱鱼MHC Ⅱβ基因的多态性很丰富。RT-PCR检测发现,金钱鱼MHC Ⅱβ基因在所检测的11种组织中均有表达,其中在脾、鳃、肠和皮肤中表达量较高,在肾、胃、心脏表达量中等,而在眼、脑、肝、肌肉中表达量较低。对健康金钱鱼人工感染嗜水气单胞菌后,发现其MHC Ⅱβ基因在肝、脾、鳃、肾等组织中的表达量均发生了不同程度的变化,证明该基因在金钱鱼免疫反应中有重要作用。在NJ法构建的系统树中,金钱鱼与舌齿鲈、大西洋鲑等硬骨鱼类的亲缘关系相对较近,而与铰口鲨、原鸡、小鼠、人等的亲缘关系则依次渐远。 相似文献
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In this study, we found that an intramuscular injection of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, 60–80 g in weight and 15–20 mL in length) with 5 μg of a DNA vaccine (pEGFP‐N2‐LCDV‐cn‐MCP 0.6 kb, containing lymphocystis disease virus major capsid protein gene) induced a strong immune response. Subsequent real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression of immune‐related genes [e.g., major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I α, MHC II α, T‐cell receptor (TCR), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), Mx, interleukin (IL)‐1β, CXC and IL‐8R] was significantly changed after DNA vaccination. The most remarkable alternation was the expression of MHC I α and MHC II α genes: MHC II α reached the maximum on day 8 in different tissues, and MHC I α on day 2 in the intestine and gills. The expression of TCR increased and reached a plateau in 2 days in the spleen, gills, kidney and liver after vaccination and then decreased after day 8. In contrast, the expression of TCR in the intestine increased and reached a plateau in 8 days. The expression of IL‐8R reached the maximum on day 2 in different tissues and then decreased on day 8. Mx increased in the gills, kidney, spleen and liver on days 2, 8, 2 and 2, but decreased in the intestine, gills, spleen and liver on days 2, 8, 8 and 8 respectively. The TNFR expression increased in the spleen, kidney and gills on days 2, 8 and 8, but decreased in intestine, liver and gills on days 2, 8 and 8 respectively. The expression of TNF, CXC and IL‐1β increased 2 and 8 days after the injection of DNA vaccine. However, the expression of TNF, CXC and IL‐1β altered on days 2 and 8 with different patterns in different tissues respectively. The fish responded to the DNA vaccine by yielding a specific immunoglobulin against lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) as observed with indirect ELISA. The DNA vaccine induced a unique humoral response, suggesting that the DNA vaccine activated both cellular and humoral defences of the specific immune system of Japanese flounder. 相似文献
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Qian Ma Yong-Quan Su Jun Wang Zhi-Meng Zhuang Qi-Sheng Tang 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(2):131-142
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays an important role in the immune response to antigenic peptides in vertebrates. In this study, the full length of MHC IIB cDNA was isolated from the Whitespotted bambooshark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) by homology cloning, and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction. As a result, the MHC IIB cDNA is 1,407 bp, which contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 831 bp encoding a protein of 276 amino acids. Furthermore, seven alleles of the complete MHC IIB ORF were detected and the variable sites were mainly located in the immunoglobulin-like (β2) region. Tissue distribution analysis showed that MHC IIB can be detected in all the ten tissues examined, with the highest expression in the spleen and gill. Challenge of C. plagiosum with the pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio harveyi, resulted in significant changes in the expression of MHC IIB mRNA in the three immune-related tissues (gill, liver and spleen). These results show that the MHC IIB plays an important role in response to bacterial infection in elasmobranches. 相似文献
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弗氏柠檬酸杆菌感染诱导斑马鱼皮肤免疫相关基因的差异表达 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
从草鱼肠道中分离到1株细菌,通过形态学观察、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析等鉴定为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌,动物试验结果表明,该菌对斑马鱼有致病性;从感染诱导的斑马鱼皮肤组织中提取总RNA,经Biotin荧光标记与拥有15 617个cDNA片段的斑马鱼基因芯片(affymetrix)杂交筛选分析,获得斑马鱼皮肤免疫相关差异表达基因88个,其中有74个上调表达基因和14个下调表达基因;进一步根据基因功能聚类(GO)分析,初步将88个差异表达基因分为8个生物学功能,其中主要参与补体激活、急性期反应、应激防御反应、细胞凋亡、抗原加工提呈、细胞迁移粘附、凝血因子和血小板激活等免疫应答过程;同时进行信号通路(pathway)分析,结果表明MAPK(hsp70、daxx、nfkbiab)、JAK/STAT(ifn1)和TGF-β(thbs1)等信号通路参与斑马鱼皮肤抗弗氏柠檬酸杆菌感染免疫应答。采用基因芯片方法筛选与鱼类皮肤免疫相关的功能基因,为将来以斑马鱼为模型研究鱼类皮肤局部免疫应答的分子机制提供科学依据。 相似文献