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1.
在实验室水温(26±1)℃、盐度(30±1)的条件下,对清洁虾(Lysmata amboinensis)胚胎发育过程中的形态学变化和发育时间进行研究。结果表明,清洁虾的胚胎发育过程可以分为9个主要阶段:受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、无节幼体发生期、复眼色素形成前期、复眼色素形成后期、孵化前期和孵化期。胚胎大小在发育早期无显著变化,约为0.6 mm,进入孵化期时,胚径开始显著增大,可达0.9 mm;发育过程中胚胎的颜色逐渐加深,呈现出浅绿色、深绿色、深黄色、黄褐色的变化趋势;在26℃水温条件下,整个胚胎发育过程需13 d左右。本研究旨在为清洁虾人工育苗生产提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
克氏原螯虾胚胎发育的形态学变化 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用实验室内小规模实验的方法,在水温(26±1) ℃的条件下,对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)胚胎发育过程中的形态学变化和发育时间进行了系统地研究.实验结果表明,克氏原螯虾的胚胎发育过程可以分为9个主要阶段:受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、前无节幼体期、后无节幼体期、复眼色素期、预备孵化期和孵化期;胚胎发育早期卵径无显著变化,保持在2 mm水平,仅在预备孵化期卵径开始显著增大;发育过程中胚胎的颜色逐渐加深,表现为橄榄绿色-灰绿色-灰褐色-棕褐色-红褐色-暗红色的变化趋势;水温26 ℃的条件下,整个胚胎发育过程需15 d左右;刚孵化出的幼体在形态结构上与成体相类似. 相似文献
3.
采用实验室内小规模实验的方法，在水温（26±1）℃的条件下，对克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarke）胚胎发育过程中的形态学变化和发育时间进行了系统地研究。实验结果表明，克氏原螯虾的胚胎发育过程可以分为9个主要阶段：受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、前无节幼体期、后无节幼体期、复眼色素期、预备孵化期和孵化期；胚胎发育早期卵径无显著变化，保持在2mm水平，仅在预备孵化期卵径开始显著增大；发育过程中胚胎的颜色逐渐加深，表现为橄榄绿色一灰绿色-灰褐色-棕褐色-红褐色-暗红色的变化趋势；水温26℃的条件下，整个胚胎发育过程需15d左右；刚孵化出的幼体在形态结构上与成体相类似。 相似文献
4.
为了解Sox14基因在拟穴青蟹胚胎发育和性腺发育过程中可能起到的调控作用,实验从青蟹性腺转录组数据库中得到全长为2558 bp的Sp-Sox14 c DNA序列,该序列编码一个包含427个氨基酸的蛋白,包含一个HMG-box。进化树分析表明,Sp-Sox14与其他节肢动物的Sox14亲缘关系较近。实时定量PCR结果显示,Sp-Sox14在成蟹雌雄各组织中均有不同程度的表达,其中在卵巢和雄蟹心脏中的表达量最高。在胚胎发育过程中,SpSox14在复眼色素形成期的表达量显著高于其他时期。在性腺不同发育阶段,Sp-Sox14在卵黄发生前期(O2)的表达量显著高于卵巢其他发育阶段;而在精巢发育过程中,其表达量在成熟精子期(T3)高于精母细胞期(T1)和精子细胞期(T2)。推测其参与卵巢的前期发育以及精子成熟等过程。整胚原位杂交结果显示,Sp-Sox14在青蟹胚胎复眼色素形成期阳性信号定位于头部以及鄂足附近,在近孵化期定位于复眼附近,幼体孵出期则在头部仍有少量信号,暗示其与青蟹神经器官的形成以及体节附肢的发生有关。 相似文献
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系统观察了隆线潘夏卵的胚胎发育。根据胚胎外部形态学特征，将其胚胎发育分为卵期、长胚期、双复眼期和单复眼期四个主要时期，并采用生物化学方法测定和分析了隆线涵夏卵胚胎发育过程中蛋白质和氨基酸的组成和含量。实验得知，可溶性蛋白和氨基酸含量的变化趋势与隆线涵夏卵胚胎发育的特征密切相关，卵期可溶性蛋白和氨基酸含量呈下降趋势，而长胚期略有上升，但从双复眼期至胚胎准备孵化期间又持续下降。随着隆线潘夏卵胚胎的发育，可溶性蛋白的组成由大分子量的蛋白向小分子量的蛋白转化；在所有的氨基酸中谷氨酸的含量最高，必需氨基酸中亮氨酸的含量最高。结果表明，蛋白质和氨基酸是隆线涵胚胎发育过程中的主要营养物质，不仅用于胚胎发育组织和器官的构建，而且为胚胎发育提供能量。 相似文献
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系统观察了隆线夏卵的胚胎发育。根据胚胎外部形态学特征,将其胚胎发育分为卵期、长胚期、双复眼期和单复眼期四个主要时期,并采用生物化学方法测定和分析了隆线夏卵胚胎发育过程中蛋白质和氨基酸的组成和含量。实验得知,可溶性蛋白和氨基酸含量的变化趋势与隆线夏卵胚胎发育的特征密切相关,卵期可溶性蛋白和氨基酸含量呈下降趋势,而长胚期略有上升,但从双复眼期至胚胎准备孵化期间又持续下降。随着隆线夏卵胚胎的发育,可溶性蛋白的组成由大分子量的蛋白向小分子量的蛋白转化;在所有的氨基酸中谷氨酸的含量最高,必需氨基酸中亮氨酸的含量最高。结果表明,蛋白质和氨基酸是隆线胚胎发育过程中的主要营养物质,不仅用于胚胎发育组织和器官的构建,而且为胚胎发育提供能量。 相似文献
7.
研究了克氏原螯虾(Procabarus dadcia)的胚胎发育过程,结果表明(1)克氏原螫虾受精卵的颜色变化过程为灰棕色→棕色中夹杂着黄色→黄色中夹杂着黑色→黑色;(2)克氏原螯虾的胚胎发育过程共分12期:受精卵、孵裂期、囊胚期、原肠前期、出现半圆形内胚层沟、原肠后期、无节幼体前期、无节幼体后期、前蚤状幼体期、蚤状幼体期和后蚤状幼体期;(3)在9月份时,整个孵化期间水温为19～30℃,平均水温为25.8℃,胚胎发育时间为17～20d,在此期间孵化所需的有效积温为453～516℃.d;而在11月份时,孵化期间,水温为4～10℃,平均水温5.2℃,胚胎发育时间为90～100d,孵化所需要有的效积温为462～520℃.d. 相似文献
8.
1 亲虾选择
龙虾的繁殖季节在8—10月或4～6月，因此可在前一年9-10月或当年3—4月选择亲虾，要求体重30～50g，附肢齐全，健康无病，活动力强、雌雄配比为3：1。达性成熟的龙虾，雄性个体明显大于雌性。雄性螯足粗大，螯足两端外侧有一明亮的红色软疣，雌性龙足相对较小， 相似文献
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为探讨星点东方鲀(Takifgu niphobles)作为海水鱼遗传生物学和鱼类行为学研究实验动物的可行性提供科学依据,选取北戴河海域自然成熟的星点东方鲀亲鱼,经人工催产授精,受精卵在水温20. 0～21. 0℃条件下,于300 L玻璃钢水槽循环水中孵化。参考暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscure)、青鳉(Oryzias layioes)和斑马鱼(Barchydanio rerio var)胚胎发育分期形态指标,按分裂球数目、大小,胚盘形状、延展、下包,神经系统发育,体节数目,视觉和听觉器官的发育以及血液循环系统的不同发育阶段,记录了星点东方鲀完整的胚胎发育过程。研究结果表明,星点东方鲀受精卵卵径约为756～863μm,胚胎发育可分为33期,主要分期与对应时间点为:2细胞期:受精后1 h 40 min;囊胚期:受精后8 h 6 min;原肠期:受精后13 h 48 min;心脏原基期:受精后58h 45 min;孵化期:受精后99 h 31 min;初孵仔鱼期:受精后108 h 31 min。值得注意的是,在32细胞期,观察到了与青鳉相同的边缘细胞和部分水平分裂。本实验中的星点东方鲀卵径在东方鲀属鱼中是最小的,也明显小于日本的星点东方鲀。本研究星点东方鲀胚胎发育不仅快于暗纹东方鲀和红鳍东方鲀(Takifgu rubripes),而且大大快于日本种群。 相似文献
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J R Pérez J M Carral J D Celada C Muñoz M Sáez-Royuela J I Antolín 《Aquaculture Research》1998,29(6):389-395
One of the main limiting factors in the use of artificial incubation techniques on crayfish farms has been the widespread belief that eggs should be stripped from females in the late stages of embryogenesis. In order to disprove this idea, three different times for egg removal were tested in white-clawed crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet): (1) just before the gastrulation process (mean degree days= 335, 34 days after spawning); (2) when the embryo was between the closing of the blastopore and the appearance of mandibular rudiments (mean degree days= 524, 56 days after spawning); and (3) when the embryo had thoracic appendage rudiments (mean degree days= 810, 92 days after spawning). The results showed that it is possible to attain acceptable survival rates up to juvenile stage 2 (51%), even when eggs have been detached at the earliest time (34 days after spawning), in such a way that artificial incubation is used for more than three-quarters (75.7%) of the total duration of the embryonic development. Factors such as the incubation device, water quality and incubation conditions have a major influence on the success of the process. Finally, a critical period was observed during the last stages of development in the present study, particularly between the eyed stage and juvenile stage 2, with mortality rates of between 26.7% and 56%. 相似文献
12.
暗纹东方鲀胚胎发育的观察 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用连续观察法对暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu Obscurus)人工授精的受精卵的发育进行观察,详细记录了暗纹东方鲀胚胎发育各阶段的形态特征。结果显示:经人工催产所获得的暗纹东方鲀受精卵为圆形,鹅黄色且透明,平均卵径为1.118~1.274 mm,受精卵在水温21℃±0.5℃下,受精3h10min后开始第1次卵裂,受精后40 h30 min开始形成器官,受精后131 h 15 min开始孵出仔鱼。刚孵出的仔鱼全长(2.550±0.675)mm,肌节26~28对,卵黄囊大而侧扁,长径为(1.014±0.075)mm,短径为(0.904±0.095)mm。整个胚胎发育过程可划分为33个时期。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹胚胎的玻璃化冷冻保存 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究了中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)4个不同发育时期胚胎对A号玻璃化液的耐受性和玻璃化冷冻保存。结果表明,不同时期的胚胎对玻璃化液的耐受能力不同,其中卵裂期胚胎对玻璃化液的耐受能力较差(20~30 min),前无节幼体期和原溞状幼体期胚胎在玻璃化液中的适应时间较长(40~60 min);随着平衡时间的延长,中华绒螯蟹各个时期的胚胎成活率逐渐下降。中华绒螯蟹前无节幼体期胚胎在A号玻璃化液中平衡40 min,0.25mol/L的蔗糖分别洗脱5、10、15、20 min后,胚胎成活率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。前无节幼体期胚胎在A号玻璃化液中平衡40 min,在–196℃冷冻40 min,快速解冻后用0.25 mol/L的蔗糖洗脱10 min,有8个胚胎成活,成活率为(9.3±2.5)%,胚胎培养至第4天死亡;原溞状幼体期胚胎在A号玻璃化液中平衡40 min,在–196℃冷冻35 min,经相同浓度的蔗糖洗脱相同的时间,有7个胚胎成活,成活率(11.3±3.6)%,培养至第6天时,1个胚胎孵化出膜,出膜胚胎成活1d后死亡。 相似文献
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对大泷六线鱼胚胎发育过程中各期特征及发育时间进行了详细的观察记录,并进行显微拍照。大泷六线鱼卵为球形沉性卵,端黄卵,卵径1.62～2.32mm,油球小而多且较分散,卵膜较厚,透明度差。温度实验结果显示,孵化水温对胚胎孵化有显著影响,适温范围内孵化时间随水温的升高逐渐缩短,孵化率随水温的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,在16℃时达到最大值79%;畸形率随水温的升高呈先降低后升高的趋势,在16℃时达到最小值6%;在水温16℃、盐度为31、pH=8.0的自然海水中,光照条件600～1000lx,大泷六线鱼胚胎发育历时20d,仔鱼破膜而出。 相似文献
16.
Effects of different step‐wise temperature increment regimes during egg incubation of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) on egg viability and newly hatched larval quality 
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下载免费PDF全文 Velmurugu Puvanendran Inger‐Britt Falk‐Petersen Hege Lysne Helge Tveiten Hilde Toften Stefano Peruzzi 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(1):226-235
We carried out an experiment to determine how rapidly the early incubation temperature of Atlantic cod eggs can be increased without affecting normal embryonic development and hatching. Atlantic cod eggs were incubated at a constant low temperature (4.5 ± 0.5°C; T5 – control) and four temperature increment treatments where the temperatures were increased stepwise from 4.5°C at zygote stage to 9.5 ± 05°C (T1‐8 h, T2‐32 h, T3‐64 h and T4‐96 h). Embryonic cell symmetry, embryonic mortality, hatching success and larval skeletal abnormalities, length and yolk sac volume were recorded. Larval samples were also taken at hatch for histological analysis. Except for higher egg mortality and lower hatching success in the T1, the differences among experimental groups were minor. Cell asymmetries and embryo mortalities were not significantly different between the control and T2–T4 treatment groups. Control larvae were significantly longer and had smaller yolk reserves at hatch than T1–T4 larvae and larvae from T2 had the largest yolk reserves. Tissue and organ histology of hatched larvae were similar. Considering embryonic cleavage pattern, hatching success and larval morphology and histology, a gradual increment of temperature in 32 h seems to be the better choice for future developmental programming studies in Atlantic cod. 相似文献
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Sissel Jentoft James A. Held Jeffrey A. Malison Terence P. Barry 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2002,26(4):371-378
The ontogeny of the cortisol stress response in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) was documented by measuring resting and stress-induced whole-body cortisol levels in fish at several early development stages.
In newly fertilized eggs resting cortisol levels averaged 41.0 ± 3.0 pg/embryo, and decreased to 8.0 ± 3.0 pg/embryo by day
6 where they remained constant until hatch on day 10. Acute stress challenge tests (30 sec cold shock) conducted on embryonic
(days 6 and 8 post-fertilization) and larval (hatch and 2 days post-hatch) yellow perch revealed no differences in whole-body
cortisol levels between stressed and unstressed individuals. In acute stress challenge tests (30 sec net confinement) conducted
on post-hatch yellow perch, differences in cortisol levels between stressed (30 min post-stress) and unstressed fish were
detected one week after hatching (12.3 ± 1.6 ng/g and 7.0 ± 1.3 ng/g, respectively). The magnitude of the stress response
was greater in 2- to 5-week-old fish than in one-week-old fish. Changes in post-stress cortisol levels were closely associated
with changes in interrenal morphology. Cumulatively, these results indicate that cortisol biosynthesis, integration and maturation
of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis can be observed in yellow perch as early as one week after hatching.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Nairoby Pacheco‐Carln Danitzia A. Guerrero‐Tortolero Lucero B. Cervantes‐Montoya Ilie S. Racotta Rafael Campos‐Ramos 《Aquaculture Research》2021,52(1):77-93
Constant and oscillating egg incubation temperatures on embryonic development and early larval morphology were studied in longfin yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes). We investigated the effects of constant temperatures from 16 to 32°C on embryo development and larval morphology at hatch, and whether oscillating temperature during embryogenesis could lead to larval morphological variations. After hatching, larval morphology and development during yolk sac (YS) utilization were examined in larvae at constant temperatures and larvae at 25°C that had oscillating temperature during egg incubation. Hatching rates were > 75%, only decreasing to ~ 50% at 30°C. At constant temperatures, the largest larvae occurred at 22 and 24°C. The oscillating temperature did not affect the timing of embryo development but resulted in larger and smaller larvae with a smaller and bigger YS, respectively, with a similar hatching time. Therefore, a growth response occurred in embryos during a window of development before hatching, depending on the adaptive response to temperature (spawn‐specific). After hatching, most of the YS was absorbed within 24 hr in all treatments, and the growth of the larval head was a priority with an optimal development at 26°C. There was compensatory growth in smaller larvae resulting in similar sizes after YS utilization, but larvae showed variations in body structure that could be important in further aquaculture research. 相似文献
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研究了不同盐度对克氏原螯虾受精卵孵化的影响.水温25 ℃条件下,盐度0～8时克氏原螯虾的受精卵均可孵出幼体.但以盐度0～4时孵化率较高,每个亲体平均孵出的幼体数量较多,高出此盐度范围时孵化率明显降低,且随着盐度升高,孵化时间延长.试验表明,0～4的盐度为克氏原螯虾孵化的适宜盐度,孵化率较高,孵化时间较短. 相似文献