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1.
克氏原螯虾胚胎发育的形态学变化 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用实验室内小规模实验的方法,在水温(26±1) ℃的条件下,对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)胚胎发育过程中的形态学变化和发育时间进行了系统地研究.实验结果表明,克氏原螯虾的胚胎发育过程可以分为9个主要阶段:受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、前无节幼体期、后无节幼体期、复眼色素期、预备孵化期和孵化期;胚胎发育早期卵径无显著变化,保持在2 mm水平,仅在预备孵化期卵径开始显著增大;发育过程中胚胎的颜色逐渐加深,表现为橄榄绿色-灰绿色-灰褐色-棕褐色-红褐色-暗红色的变化趋势;水温26 ℃的条件下,整个胚胎发育过程需15 d左右;刚孵化出的幼体在形态结构上与成体相类似. 相似文献
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研究了克氏原螯虾(Procabarus dadcia)的胚胎发育过程,结果表明(1)克氏原螫虾受精卵的颜色变化过程为灰棕色→棕色中夹杂着黄色→黄色中夹杂着黑色→黑色;(2)克氏原螯虾的胚胎发育过程共分12期:受精卵、孵裂期、囊胚期、原肠前期、出现半圆形内胚层沟、原肠后期、无节幼体前期、无节幼体后期、前蚤状幼体期、蚤状幼体期和后蚤状幼体期;(3)在9月份时,整个孵化期间水温为19～30℃,平均水温为25.8℃,胚胎发育时间为17～20d,在此期间孵化所需的有效积温为453～516℃.d;而在11月份时,孵化期间,水温为4～10℃,平均水温5.2℃,胚胎发育时间为90～100d,孵化所需要有的效积温为462～520℃.d. 相似文献
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在实验室水温(26±1)℃、盐度(30±1)的条件下,对清洁虾(Lysmata amboinensis)胚胎发育过程中的形态学变化和发育时间进行研究。结果表明,清洁虾的胚胎发育过程可以分为9个主要阶段:受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、无节幼体发生期、复眼色素形成前期、复眼色素形成后期、孵化前期和孵化期。胚胎大小在发育早期无显著变化,约为0.6 mm,进入孵化期时,胚径开始显著增大,可达0.9 mm;发育过程中胚胎的颜色逐渐加深,呈现出浅绿色、深绿色、深黄色、黄褐色的变化趋势;在26℃水温条件下,整个胚胎发育过程需13 d左右。本研究旨在为清洁虾人工育苗生产提供理论依据。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育及几种代谢酶活性的变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用实验室内小规模实验的方法,在水温(16.2±1.5)℃和盐度20的条件下,对中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育过程中的形态学变化和几种重要代谢酶的活性变化进行了系统性研究。实验结果表明,中华绒螯蟹的胚胎发育过程可以分为9个主要阶段:受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、前无节幼体期、后无节幼体期、原溞状幼体期、出膜前期和孵化期;水温16℃的条件下,整个胚胎发育过程需40 d左右,有效积温达到10 758 h.℃。乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、总ATPase和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的活性都随胚胎发育时期的变化而变化,LDH活性呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,在囊胚期中活性最高;总ATPase活性在原溞状幼体期最高,在原肠期最低;MDH活性在原溞状幼体期最高,在囊胚期最低。 相似文献
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双齿围沙蚕胚胎及幼体发育的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2003-2004年，观察了双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)胚胎及幼体发育。结果表明，成熟卵为绿色，卵径175-228μm，多油球；胚胎发育经历卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、担轮幼虫期；后担轮幼虫期胚体脱卵膜孵化；幼体从3刚节疣足幼虫开始，在3刚节疣足幼虫后期开始摄食；4刚节疣足幼虫后期纤毛轮消失，进入匍匐阶段；10刚节疣足幼虫形态与生态都与成体相似；从受精卵发育到4刚节疣足幼虫的时间在不同水温情况下变化较大，水温在25-26℃为118h、而水温在27．5～32℃为82h。 相似文献
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克氏原螯虾幼体发育时期消化酶活力及氨基酸含量研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用生物化学方法对克氏原螯虾各期幼体消化酶活力与氨基酸组成进行了分析。实验结果显示,在克氏原螯虾幼体发育过程中,五种消化酶活力(胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶)表现出两种变化模式:胃蛋白酶和类胰蛋白酶在幼体发育Ⅱ龄幼体期和Ⅳ龄幼体期活力较高,其中Ⅳ龄幼体期该两种酶活力最高;淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶活力为先增高后降低,在Ⅲ龄幼体期,三种酶的活力达到最高,但与Ⅳ龄幼体期的酶活力比较无显著差异。总氨基酸含量在幼体发育早期逐渐降低,幼体发育至Ⅲ龄幼体期,其氨基酸含量最低,Ⅳ龄幼体期又有所增加。在测定的所有氨基酸中谷氨酸含量最高,必需氨基酸中赖氨酸含量最高,单个必需氨基酸含量与必需氨基酸总量的比值(A/E)在整个胚胎发育过程中的变化趋于一致。 相似文献
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不同开口饵料对克氏原螯虾幼虾发育及消化酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
实验采用丰年虫无节幼体、草鱼鱼糜、水蚯蚓、1号人工配合饲料和2号人工配合饲料为克氏原螯虾的开口饵料,观察幼虾存活率和生长情况。经过40d的培育,对幼虾的胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力进行测定。结果表明：投喂丰年虫无节幼体的实验组幼虾存活率最高,为75,增重率和增长率也最大,分别为4746.00和171.00。幼虾的胃蛋白酶活性与投喂的饵料密切相关,投喂丰年虫无节幼体组幼虾的胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性分别为2.18U/mgprot和0.96U/mgprot,极显著高于投喂草鱼鱼糜实验组。实验的5种开口饵料中,丰年虫无节幼体是克氏原螯虾幼虾的最佳开口饵料。摄食丰年虫无节幼体可能提高了主要消化酶的活性,从而促进了克氏原螯虾幼体的生长。 相似文献
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克氏原螯虾大颚器对卵巢发育的影响 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21
采用埋植和离体方法进行克氏原螯虾的大颚器（ＭＯ）对卵巢发育作用的研究,埋植大颚器７次能显著提高成熟系数和促进卵径增大,处于不同卵巢发育时期的克氏原螯虾大颚器提取物（ＭＯＥ）的离体研究发现,卵黄发生期的ＭＯＥ对初级和次级卵黄发生期卵径增大均有极显著的作用,而对卵黄发生前期的卵径增大无作用,处于卵巢发育早期的ＭＯＥ对卵黄发４生期卵巢小块总ＲＮＡ含量升高无显著作用,处于卵黄发生前期,卵黄发生期和恢复期卵 相似文献
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采用发育生物学和生态学方法,观察描述了中华原钩虾的胚胎发育过程,研究了胚胎发育与水温的关系。结果显示,中华原钩虾的抱卵量与雌体体长呈正相关,抱卵雌虾通过抱卵板附着胚胎,在育卵袋内孵化幼体。水温15~27°C范围内,随着温度的升高,胚胎发育历期缩短,发育速率加快;21°C恒温条件下,中华原钩虾胚胎发育全程大约需要220 h,离体培养受精卵和亲体抱卵孵化基本同步。根据有效积温法则公式计算出胚胎的发育温度阈为6.02°C,有效积温为137.30°C·d。研究表明,中华原钩虾的前几次卵裂为全裂,后转为表面卵裂,初孵幼体与成体形态相似;温度对其胚胎发育历期和发育速率的影响差异极显著。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
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Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded
eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D3 was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to14C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D3. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that
D3 reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular
secretion of phosphate. 相似文献