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为探究pH对海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradia)胚胎发育及幼虫生长发育的影响,本研究以pH 8.0~8.2为对照组,分析不同pH (分别为7.6~7.7、7.3~7.4、7.0~7.1和6.7~6.8)对海湾扇贝胚胎及幼虫的影响。结果显示,随着pH的降低,各实验组孵化率降低,畸形率增高,孵化时间延长,且幼虫个体明显小于对照组(P<0.05)。D形幼虫期与壳顶幼虫期幼虫存活率与生长速率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。幼虫发育至第8天时,pH 7.0~7.1与pH 6.7~6.8实验组的存活率分别为6.1%和5.6%,而对照组为75.2%,除pH 7.6~7.7组外,各实验组生长速率均在3.4 μm/d及以下,基本呈现生长停滞状态。眼点幼虫附着率与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),第7天时,pH 6.7~6.8实验组附着率仅为31.7%。研究表明,海水pH变化对海湾扇贝早期胚胎及幼虫生长发育具有显著影响,该研究为评估pH变化对海湾扇贝等经济贝类资源和养殖产业的影响提供了参考资料。 相似文献
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本研究采用自制离体孵化装置,对日本米虾(Caridina japonica)不同发育期胚胎进行离体孵化研究,结果显示,水温为25.5℃时,日本米虾受精卵孵化大约需要25 d,发育积温为637.5℃。胚胎发育历经受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、前无节幼体期、后无幼体期、前溞状幼体期和膜内溞状幼体期8个时期。各期离体胚胎均能孵化出幼体,膜内溞状幼体期离体胚胎孵化率最高,为(80.7±2.4)%,非离体孵化的对照组为(79.1±4.9)%,二者差异不显著;卵裂期离体胚胎孵化率最低,为(28.2±2.6)%,与对照组差异显著。各组离体胚胎所孵化出的Ⅰ期(ZⅠ)和Ⅱ期溞状幼体(ZⅡ)的变态率无显著差异。温度对日本米虾前溞状幼体期胚胎离体孵化影响显著,在15.0℃~32.5℃范围内,随水温升高孵化时间逐渐缩短,15.0℃时,前溞状幼体离体孵化时间为(436.8±124.8) h,32.5℃时缩短至(228.0±88.8) h,但温度高于29.0℃时,孵化出的幼体变态率开始下降。本研究可为日本米虾繁殖生物学及甲壳动物胚胎离体孵化技术研究提供参考。 相似文献
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研究了塔玛亚历山大藻（Alexandrium tamarense）ATHK株对海湾扇贝受精卵孵化的影响，并探讨了可能的影响机制。将海湾扇贝受精卵暴露于不同密度的塔玛亚历山大藻ATHK中，观察其对胚胎孵化各阶段的影响，并利用光镜和透射电镜对实验组和对照组胚胎的外部形态和内部结构进行连续观察。结果表明：该藻对海湾扇贝受精卵孵化有显著的抑制作用，其IC50约为800 mL-1；2000 mL-1的ATHK延缓或破坏了胚胎的正常发育，胚胎内部出现大量溶酶体，原肠胚腔不能形成，且部分细胞出现胞质肿胀、线粒体自溶的现象，细胞不能进行正常的功能性分化；观察发现实验组中有些担轮幼虫的外形畸变，鞭毛发育迟缓；至24 h（D型幼虫）时，ATHK组中的D型幼虫数量远远低于对照组（P<0.05），且死亡率明显高于对照组。观察还发现ATHK藻细胞和胚胎碰撞接触的现象，这种碰撞接触可能对有害物质的释放和转移有一定的刺激作用。 相似文献
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pH对西施舌受精卵与幼虫生长发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了在室内控制条件下,pH对西施舌（Coelornactra antiquata）受精卵的孵化与面盘幼虫生长发育及附着变态的影响。试验结果表明,西施舌受精卵孵化成担轮幼虫的最适pH为7．0～8．5;从担轮幼虫发育成直线铰合幼虫的最适pH为7．5～8．5。在pH8．0～8．2面盘幼虫生长较快,日平均壳长增长15．0～16．5μm。在水温26．4±0．45℃,盐度25．50,pH8．0—8．2的条件下,平均壳长196μm的西施舌壳顶面盘幼虫经72h培育,幼虫附着变态率为51．66％～53．00％。 相似文献
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水温对石磺胚胎发育的影响 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
通过实验室研究,对石磺（Onchidium sp．）胚胎发育过程进行了详细观察,比较了不同水温下石磺胚胎发育的速度,探讨了膜内面盘幼虫孵化出膜的主要条件。结果表明：石磺的胚胎发育过程类似于肺螺亚纲其他贝类,行体内受精,刚产出的卵为受精卵,细胞未进行分裂,卵裂从卵产出体外开始,分别经过卵裂期,囊胚期,原肠期,膜内担轮幼虫期,膜内面盘幼虫期,经过孵化期孵化出膜为自由生活的面盘幼虫期。对各阶段幼体的大小、形状、内部器官等特征以及发育变态过程进行了详细的显微观察和描述。26℃,28℃,30℃3个水温组中,从受精卵到膜内面盘幼虫孵化出膜分别需要300h,290h,288h;发现影响幼虫孵化出膜的主要因素是水温和海水的刺激作用;繁殖盛期卵群工厂化水泥池自然水温孵化时间为10～14d。并报道了水温低于23℃时石磺胚胎停止发育现象。 相似文献
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几种理化因子对梅氏新本尼登虫(Neobenedenia melleni)卵发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水温在18~29℃之间梅氏新本尼登虫(Neobenedenia m elleni)虫卵的发育和孵化速度随温度的升高而加快,<18℃、>33℃发育停滞;盐度<13.7‰虫卵不发育,<22.9‰或>44.3‰卵发育停滞在眼点期,盐度居22.9‰~44.3‰之间,其改变对虫卵发育没有显著影响;酸碱度变化对虫卵发育没有明显的影响,pH为5.5或9.5时,卵均可正常发育并孵化,但孵化出的纤毛幼虫在pH<6.0或>9.0时,存活时间和活力明显降低。 相似文献
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为探讨盐度、pH对云纹石斑鱼Epinephelus moara胚胎发育和仔鱼活力的影响,采用单因子实验的方法,在水温22±0．2℃条件下,将受精卵在不同盐度（5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40和45）、不同pH（5．5、6．0、6．5、7．0、7．5、8．0、8．5、9．0和9．5）下孵化,观察比较其孵化率HR、畸形率DR以及对初孵仔鱼活力和仔鱼培育周期的影响。并在上述设定条件下,进行了初孵仔鱼耐受试验,测定其存活率SR及生存活力指数（SAI）。结果表明,云纹石斑鱼胚胎发育的最低和最高临界盐度分别为10和45,最低和最高临界PH分别为6．O和9．5;盐度、PH的适宜范围分别是20～40、6．5～9．0,最适范围分别是30～35、7．5～8．0。仔鱼生存盐度、pH的适宜范围分别是20～35、6．0～9．0,最适范围分别是25～30、7．5～8．0。 相似文献
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半滑舌鳎胚胎发育及稚鱼变态过程观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用显微镜对半滑舌鳎胚胎发育及稚鱼变态过程进行连续观察,对各个时期的发育时间进行了记录,并对不同时期的特征用进行了拍摄。结果表明：半滑舌鳎成熟卵子呈球形,为多油球浮性卵。受精卵培养在水温21．6—22．8℃,pH值7．0～8．2。盐度30的海水中,历时39h仔鱼孵出。与其他硬骨鱼类基本相似,半滑舌鳎胚胎发育属于盘状卵裂,发育过程可分为：受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官分化期、出膜期和初孵仔鱼。仔鱼孵化出膜进入胚后发育阶段,之后进入变态期,向成鱼转化。与牙鲆、大菱鲆等鲆鲽鱼类不同,半滑舌鳎稚鱼变态初期是在头顶两眼前上方形成一个横裂,右眼由此横列穿过,最终到达身体左侧,此后横裂逐渐愈合,变态完成,该过程历时3-4d,其形成机制有待进一步深入研究。 相似文献
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海星的大量繁殖与入侵可对滩涂养殖贝类造成极大威胁.对海星繁殖生物学的研究可为有效控制海星过度增殖提供信息,同时也可为其胚胎和幼虫培育以及发育生物学的深入研究奠定基础.本研究以韩国和中国沿海常见的多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)为材料,研究KCl诱导海盘车排放生殖细胞的最佳剂量,以及水温和盐度对胚胎和幼虫发育的影响.采用不同剂量(1.0mL、3.0mL、5.0mL和7.0mL)0.5mol/L KCl注入性成熟海盘车体腔,皆可诱导生殖细胞的排放,3mL注射组的排放个体比例最高(80%),雌性个体排卵量最大(536.5×104个/ind),同时用诱导获得的精/卵进行人工授精后也获得了较高的受精率(92.7±2.9)%.水温和盐度对多棘海盘车胚胎和幼虫的存活率具有显著的影响.在盐度为35时,20℃时多棘海盘车羽腕幼虫的存活率最高(90.1±2.1)%,15℃时次之(84.4±5.2)%.在温度为15℃时,盐度为35时幼虫培养60 h后存活率最高(87.6±4.1)%,盐度为30时次之(85.4±4.0)%.多棘海盘车各期胚胎和幼虫的发育速度(1/t,h-1)随水温升高而加快,在一定温度范围内有明显的正相关性,其关系式为:至2-细胞:1/t=0.110 8Tw-0.599 7(r2=0.946 5);至8-细胞:1/t=0.045 4Tw-0.233 4(r2=0.947 7);至桑椹胚:1/t=0.017 9Tw-0.067 9(r2=0.868 7):至囊胚:1/t=0.004 2Tw(r2=0.89);至羽腕幼虫:1/t=0.000 6Tw-0.008 7(r2=0.878 4).盐度为35时,胚胎和幼虫的发育速度最快,发育至羽腕幼虫需55.4 h.根据不同水温和盐度条件下,胚胎和幼虫的存活率和发育速率,确定15～20℃是多棘海盘车发育的适宜温度,最适温度为20℃;适宜盐度为30～35,最适盐度为35. 相似文献
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盐度对紫彩血蛤胚胎及幼虫发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
就盐度对紫彩血蛤胚胎及幼虫发育的影响进行了研究,结果：紫彩血蛤胚胎发育的有效盐度范围为１６．０７～３７．０４,最适盐度范围为２３．９５～３１．０３。盐度为２３．９５,胚胎发育速度最快,孵化率最高,达９８％,幼虫发育的适宜盐度范围为１６．０７～３７．０４,其中盐度为２８．０３,幼虫存活率和变态率最高,分别为７８．８％和８８．６％,盐度１２．０２～４０．９５对幼虫均无明显致畸影响。 相似文献
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Yonghai Shi Genyu Zhang Jianzhong Liu Xiaodong Zhu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2012,43(2):278-285
To determine the optimal condition of photoperiod for embryo development and larval culture of tawny puffer, Takifugu flavidus, the effects of photoperiod on egg hatching and the growth and survival of larvae from 3 to 23 d after hatching (dah) were assessed. The results show that photoperiodic responses varied with the developmental stage during the early development of tawny puffer. Photoperiod did not significantly affect the hatch rate, viability of 24 h post‐hatch larvae, and total mortality rate of tawny puffer embryos; however, it affected the incubation period, which significantly increased with increasing photoperiod from 6 to 24 h. The shortest incubation period was predicted to occur at 3.56 h day length from the quadratic relationship. However, photoperiod strongly affected the growth and survival of the tawny puffer larvae from 3 to 23 dah. Increasing the day length resulted in improvement of the larval growth and survival within the 0–12 h day length range; however, beyond the 12 h day length, a longer day length was not beneficial, and a 24 h continuous light had a negative effect on growth. From the quadratic relationships, the highest growth and survival rates were predicted to occur at 14.16 h and 17.74 h day length, respectively. Therefore, the optimal photoperiods for tawny puffer embryos and larvae were 3–6 and 12–18 h day length, respectively. The results of this study are useful in increasing the production of the species during incubation and larval culture. 相似文献
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Nagaraj G. Chatakondi Eugene L. Torrans 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2012,43(4):585-593
This study was designed to determine the effect of ovarian fluid pH of stripped unfertilized channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, eggs on fertilization and hatch rate of channel catfish ♀ x blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus♂, hybrid catfish eggs. A significant correlation was established between ovarian fluid pH of stripped channel catfish eggs and hybrid embryo hatch rate (R2 = 0.75, P = 0.01), suggesting ovarian fluid pH of stripped catfish eggs prior to fertilization can be predictive of the hatching success of hybrid catfish embryos. These data were used to categorize pH of stripped eggs: pH <7.0 as “low pH eggs,” pH 7.0–7.4 as “medium pH eggs,” or pH >7.4 as “high pH eggs” quality eggs. The range in percent hatch rate for these pH categories was <15%, 15–30%, and >30%, respectively. Higher calcium concentrations during incubation do not appear to improve hatching success of “low pH eggs.” The predictive model presented herein describes a quick method for evaluating stripped catfish eggs for hybrid fry production in catfish hatcheries. 相似文献
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为探究我国北方海域花鲈繁育适宜盐度和pH处理的设定,及促进早期花鲈苗种推广,本研究针对不同盐度(0、15、20、25、30、35和40)与pH(5.5、6.5、7.5、8.5和9.5)条件下,北方人工繁殖花鲈受精卵的孵化率、畸形率及饥饿10 d后的存活情况进行了分析,并对花鲈初孵仔鱼进行不投饵耐饥饿实验,记录每日存活率(SR)及最终生存活力指数(SAI)。最后观测低盐0、养殖盐度30与高盐45对花鲈早期幼鱼生长性能的影响。结果显示,北方海域花鲈受精卵适宜孵化盐度为20~35,以盐度25组孵化率最高,适宜pH为6.5~7.5,以pH 6.5组孵化率最高。低盐15组中,具最低的孵化率及最高的畸形率,但在最终饥饿SR的统计中,低盐15组的SR及SAI明显高于盐度30与35组,推测低盐15接近花鲈体液等渗点,降低了渗透调节中的能量消耗,更利于存活。初孵仔鱼饥饿实验中,盐度20组SR下降相对平缓,在第8天仍有12.66%的SR(其他组已为0)。饥饿1 d时,各pH组SR均小于90%,以pH 6.5组SR最高,为89.11%。与盐度处理组相比,花鲈初孵仔鱼对pH变化较为敏感,其孵化率及最终SR显著低于盐度处理组。花鲈早期幼鱼盐度处理组中,低盐0与高盐45将对此规格花鲈幼鱼产生较大损伤,以高盐45抑制最显著,应为苗种盐度推广的上限,而花鲈生长盐度30与各处理盐度相比,较适合花鲈早期幼鱼的生长。研究结果将为北方海域花鲈繁育适宜盐度和pH处理的设定,及提高花鲈孵化率、育苗成活率与早期苗种推广提供基础资料。 相似文献
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Maria Eugenia Meirelles Mônica Yumi Tsuzuki Flávio Furtado Ribeiro Rodrigo Cassula Medeiros Israel Diniz Silva 《Aquaculture Research》2009,41(1):11-18
The barber goby, Elacatinus figaro, is a cleaner species of ecological importance and of keen interest to the aquarium trade. Endemic to Brazil, it is a threatened species and so aquaculture is a potential solution for reducing pressure on the natural stocks. This study describes the reproductive behaviour, the embryonic and larval development and the general breeding and rearing conditions. Ten wild fish initiated the formation of breeding pairs 20 days after acclimation to captivity. Spawning started 12 days after the first pair was formed, with one female from each pair spawning from 140 to 700 eggs (n=15 spawnings). The average period of incubation of the eggs was 6.8 days at 25 °C. The best hatching rate was 99.5% (n=10 spawnings). Larval rearing used Nannochloropsis oculata with rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis) as the first food (day 0–25); nauplii and meta‐nauplii of Artemia were fed from day 18 until larval metamorphosis with subsequent weaning using commercial marine fish diets. The transformation to juveniles started at around the 30th day post hatch. The best larval survival rate until complete metamorphosis was 30.6% (n=4 larvicultures). After this period, the mortality was insignificant. This study demonstrated that the cultivation of barber goby is feasible. 相似文献
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This is the first report on the successful year-round natural spawning and larval rearing of Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker) in captivity and under hypersaline water conditions of 42-43%0 salinity in the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Although the fish spawned naturally once or twice a year during 1992-94 culture period, incorporation of cod-liver oil in the broodstock diet during the 1995 culture period enabled the fish to spawn continuously for 2-3 days in each month during March, April, May and August. The egg fertilization and hatching rates also increased during the 1995 spawning period. The egg fertilization rate varied from 90 to 100% with a mean of 96.5 ± 3.38%. The egg hatching rate varied from 70 to 95% with a mean of 83.1 ± 10.12%. The fertilized egg diameter averaged 757.3 ± 37.36 μm. There was a linear relation between the fertilized egg size and the egg hatching rate. The increase in the hatching rate relevant to the egg size was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The egg development time until hatching lasted for 19 h at 29°C. The newly hatched larval size ranged from 1.55-1.71 mm with a mean of 1.65 ± 0.052 mm in total length. The larval growth was slow in the early stages and the growth curve until metamorphosis showed a curvilinear pattern. Wide variations in larval size, range 22-47 mm with a mean of 33.40 ± 7.01 mm, were observed during the metamorphosis stage at day 50. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in growth and survival was observed between the larvae reared using white and grey coloured tanks. The larval survival up to metamorphosis was 1.6-4.7% with a mean of 2.98 ± 1.56% in the grey coloured tanks and 1.6-1.9% with a mean of 1.73 ± 0.16% in the white tanks. The results demonstrated the possibility of breeding E. polyphekadion under captive culture conditions. However, methods to improve the larval survival have to be pursued further for commercial farming of this species. 相似文献