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《渔业科学进展》2015,(5)
波纹唇鱼(Cheilinus undulatus)是世界著名的濒危礁栖鱼类,具有特殊的生物学特性和较高的经济价值。本研究对波纹唇鱼的胚胎发育及初孵仔鱼的形态进行了观察,将其全过程划分为胚盘形成、卵裂、囊胚、原肠?神经胚、器官发生和孵化6个阶段,共26个发育时期。波纹唇鱼的受精卵为无色透明的浮性卵,圆球形,卵径为(635.6±50.0)μm,具油球1个,其卵径显著小于多数海水鱼类。在水温27.7–29.0℃、盐度30的条件下,受精卵历时15 h 30 min孵出仔鱼。初孵仔鱼全长为(1305.5±50.0)μm,卵黄囊前部长于仔鱼头部,且油球位于卵黄囊的最前端。结果显示,波纹唇鱼卵子较小,胚胎发育较快,其较快的胚胎发育与较小的初孵仔鱼可能是导致胚后发育阶段死亡率较高的重要原因。 相似文献
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黄鹂无齿鲹(Gnathanodon speciosus)是一种兼具观赏与食用价值的名贵海水鱼类。本文报道了黄鹂无齿鲹的胚胎及胚后发育特征。受精卵孵化条件为：盐度(30.26±0.67)‰、 温度 (24.72 ± 0.32)°C 、 pH值(7.46±0.12)、溶解氧(5.13±0.33) mg/L、光照强度约3 000 LUX。结果显示黄鹂无齿鲹受精卵为透明浮性圆球形,平均卵径764.29 ± 14.74 μm;含单油球,油球平均直径166.32 ± 18.28 μm。胚胎发育历经受精卵期、胚盘期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期与孵化出膜期８个阶段,再进一步细分成24个时期。受精后18 h 30 min孵化出膜,进入仔鱼阶段（含前仔鱼期和后仔鱼期）。前仔鱼期位于孵化后0-3天,卵黄囊没有完全吸收;后仔鱼期位于孵化后4-20天,卵黄囊完全吸收。初孵仔鱼全长1 520 ± 19 μm,出膜后第6天油球储备耗尽并形成鳔。孵化后第20天,鱼体后脊索完全弯曲,各鳍和消化系统发育完善,体表大量色素沉淀且具有独立生活的能力,仔鱼进入稚鱼阶段。本研究为黄鹂无齿鲹苗种培育提供了重要参考。 相似文献
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光唇裂腹鱼胚胎发育与仔鱼早期发育的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对人工干法授精的光唇裂腹鱼（Schizothorax lissolabiatus ）胚胎发育和仔鱼早期发育进行观察,描述了从受精卵到卵黄囊期仔鱼发育时期的时序和形态特征。光唇裂腹鱼的成熟卵近似于圆球形,呈金黄色,卵径为（2.2±0.13）mm;受精后12min卵膜吸水膨胀,卵膜径达（3.2±0.21）mm。水温在15-17℃的条件下,孵化时间为174.28h。初孵仔鱼全长为8.5mm,6日龄仔鱼初次摄食丰年虫,进入混合营养期。 相似文献
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绿鳍马面鲀胚胎和仔鱼早期发育的初步观测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用显微数码摄像系统观测绿鳍马面纯受精卵的胚胎发育和初孵仔鱼的形态特征,结果表明:绿鳍马面纯的卵为球形沉性的粘性卵,卵径平均为644 μm,未受精卵及早期胚胎有油球多个;在18.7～19.2 ℃水温条件下孵化,受精后约40～50 min胚盘形成,1 h 10 min进入卵裂期,6 h 10 min进入高囊胚期,9 h 20 min进入低囊胚期,10 h后进入原肠胚,21 h 40 min后听囊形成,23 h 40 min后形成柯氏囊,41 h30 min后耳石形成,多数胚胎油球溶合为1个,50 h后胚体环绕卵黄达1.3周以上,73.5 h陆续孵出,孵化积温为1375～1411 ℃·h.初孵仔鱼呈前位抱卵方式,油球位于卵黄囊的前端,85 h后开口摄食,5～6 d卵黄囊和油球吸收完,8 d第1背鳍棘突出背鳍膜,18 d发育到稚鱼期. 相似文献
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通过观察条纹锯鱼旨的胚胎发育过程及卵黄囊仔鱼形态变化,研究其胚胎发育及卵黄囊仔鱼的形态特征、特点。采用Nikon E200显微镜对其胚胎发育形态及卵黄囊仔鱼形态变化进行连续拍照取样,详细描述了其从受精卵到初孵仔鱼的26个具体发育时期的形态特征、孵化温度、发育时间及卵黄囊仔鱼的形态变化特征。结果显示,条纹锯鱼旨的受精卵为球形、游离的浮性卵,平均卵径为0.950±0.039mm;条纹锯鱼旨受精卵孵化需经过卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官生成期和孵化期6个主要时期,在80目的孵化网箱中,水温20～20.5℃、盐度28～32、DO≥5mg/L、pH7.6～8.4静水微充气的条件下需要46h53min孵化;卵黄囊在仔鱼出膜2d后被吸收。 相似文献
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对人工暂养1周年的野生黄鲷[Dentex tumifrons(Temminck et Schlegel)]进行注射催产激素,成功完成黄鲷的人工繁殖、孵化并培育出黄鲷幼鱼。通过对人工催产所获得的黄鲷受精卵胚胎发育、卵黄囊仔鱼形态发育全过程进行观察,研究其胚胎发育特征。结果表明:(1)黄鲷受精卵和初孵仔鱼比其他鲷科鱼类的略小,受精卵径为0.834~0.998 mm、油球直径为0.184~0.198 mm、初孵仔鱼全长2.25 mm。(2)在水温(19.5±0.5)℃、盐度34.0条件下,受精卵经36~40 h孵化出仔鱼。(3)3日龄仔鱼消化道开通,但还不能摄食;4日龄仔鱼下颌能自如活动并摄取食物,仔鱼卵黄吸收完毕进入外源营养和内源营养混合期。(4)7日龄仔鱼油球完全吸收,仔鱼进入外源性营养期。(5)仔鱼在4日龄若未能摄食到食物则在8~9日龄开始死亡。文中还就黄鲷胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼与同科鱼类真鲷、黑鲷的区别进行了比较。 相似文献
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本文旨在对横带髭鲷(Hapaloyenys mucronatus)早期生活史阶段的生长发育特征进行观察和测量, 详细描述胚胎和仔稚幼鱼各发育时期的时间和形态特征。结果表明, 横带髭鲷的受精卵为透明的圆球形浮性卵, 卵径 (1.32±0.01) mm, 多个大小不等的淡黄色油球。胚胎发育经历 6 个主要阶段：卵裂前期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、器官形成期和出膜期。在水温(21.0±0.2) ℃, 盐度 26 条件下, 受精卵约经 36 h 30 min 孵出初孵仔鱼。胚后发育阶段的划分主要依据卵黄囊、油球、鳍膜、鳞片和体色条带的变化, 可分为早期仔鱼期、晚期仔鱼期、稚鱼期和幼鱼期 4 个阶段。初孵仔鱼全长(2.96±0.15) mm, 具单个油球, 3 日龄开口摄食轮虫, 4 日龄卵黄囊消耗完全, 9 日龄油球消耗完全, 24 日龄鳍膜完全消失, 体侧和腹部出现初生栉鳞, 进入稚鱼期。45 日龄被覆栉鳞, 全身黑色素加深, 腹部呈灰白色, 进入幼鱼期。横带髭鲷早期发育过程中有 3 个重要形态特征：从 2 日龄至 38 日龄, 横带髭鲷的头背部 1~9 枚硬棘出现和退化; 从 5 日龄开始腹鳍出现并正异速生长, 至 38 日龄腹鳍逐渐由长翅形退变为扇形; 56 日龄幼鱼期, 体表明显可见 6 条横向黑色素带, 在体态上与成鱼基本相同。 相似文献
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以人工培育的淡水石首鱼(Aplodinotus grunniens)亲本为基础, 首次通过人工催产突破了人工繁育关键技术, 并系统观察了其胚胎发育时序和特征。研究结果表明, 引进的淡水石首鱼野生苗种经过 3 年的人工培育, 雌、雄亲鱼达到性成熟; 结合产前加温与营养强化培育, 采用 LHRH-A2 一次人工催产和干法授精获得一批受精卵。在水温 23~24 ℃条件下, 淡水石首鱼的催产效应时间为 25~27 h。其成熟卵为淡黄色, 卵径为(1.07±0.04) mm; 卵受精的同时吸水膨胀呈圆球形, 浮性, 半透明, 无黏性, 有 1 个同心油球, 少数受精卵油球有 2~3 个, 大小不一, 膨胀后的卵径为(1.41±0.03) mm, 油球径为(0.66±0.02) mm。淡水石首鱼胚胎发育过程可划分为胚盘形成、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成及孵化 7 个阶段 29 个时期; 受精卵经 25 h 30 min 孵化出膜, 初孵仔鱼平均全长(2.88±0.10) mm。 本研究首次报道了淡水石首鱼在人工养殖和催产条件下的胚胎发育特征, 将为进一步实现苗种规模化繁育提供基础资料和重要参考。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
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Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded
eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D3 was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to14C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D3. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that
D3 reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular
secretion of phosphate. 相似文献