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广西龟石水库大眼鳜的年龄与生长特征 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
2008年9月2009年8月,在广西龟石水库用刺网逐月采集大眼鳜(Siniperca kneri)标本688尾,摘取鳞片作为年龄鉴定的主要材料,摘取鳃盖骨和臀鳍第二鳍棘作为年龄鉴定的辅助材料,研究大眼鳜的年龄特征,并采用von Bertalanffy生长方程描述了大眼鳜的生长特性,为合理利用和保护库区大眼鳜资源提供科学依据和理论参考。结果表明,以鳞片作为大眼鳜年龄的鉴定材料较可靠,年轮特征显示为疏密型和断裂切割型,年轮主要形成时期在4 6月,年轮的形成与繁殖有关;年龄组成为0~4龄,0龄和1龄鱼占标本总数的93.32%;体长(L)与鳞径(R)的回归方程为:L=24.47R+4.021 2(r=0.981 9,n=623);体长(L)与体质量(W)的回归方程为:W=0.017 7×L3.087 6(r=0.979 1,n=688);体长、体质量的von Bertalanffy生长方程为:Lt=59.04[l-e-0.2692(t+0.251 9)],Wt=5 196.88[l-e-0.269 1(t+0.263 8)]3.087 6。分析龟石水库大眼鳜资源现状,认为渔获物中低龄个体占绝对优势与库区无节制捕捞有关。为保护与合理利用库区大眼鳜资源,建议将库区大眼鳜的最小捕捞年龄定为3龄,捕捞规格定为990 g以上。 相似文献
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研究长脂拟鲿的年龄和生长特征,为开展其人工养殖、种质鉴定以及资源的利用与保护提供基础资料。样品鱼于2013年2-10月采自贵州境内沅江水系氵舞阳河,共193尾,体长94~209 mm、体重9.7~59.2 g。以脊椎骨、匙骨、鳃盖骨、胸鳍棘等为年龄鉴定材料,研究了长脂拟鲿的年龄和生长特性,阐述年轮特征,计算了相对生长率、瞬时生长率、生长常数、生长指标等生长参数。脊椎骨椎体的年轮标志最清晰,其各个生长年带的径向宽度近似相等,为长脂拟鲿年龄鉴定的理想材料;脊椎骨椎体年轮为疏密型年轮,年轮形成的时间为3-7月。氵舞阳河长脂拟鲿渔获物年龄组成为1~8龄,2~4龄为优势年龄组,占总样本量的84.97%。长脂拟鲿体长与脊椎骨轮径关系的拟合方程为L=60.91R+65.709,体长与体重关系的拟合方程为W=0.00074 L2.0935。von Bertalanfy、Gompertz和Logistic生长方程对长脂拟鲿体长、体重生长的拟合度均较高(r~20.98),以von Bertalanfy生长方程拟合度最高。长脂拟鲿von Bertalanfy生长方程为:L_t=364.32[1-e~(-0.058(t+4.001))],W_t=170.49[1-e~(-0.058(t+3.994))]2.0935。生长拐点年龄为8.73龄,拐点年龄时体长、体重分别为190.22 mm、43.74 g。长脂拟鲿生长可以划分为1~5龄、6~7龄两个不同的生长阶段。长脂拟鲿属生长缓慢鱼类,其生长为异速生长。 相似文献
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以鳞片作为鉴定年龄的材料,对澄湖似刺鳊(鱼句)(Paracanthobrama guichenoti)种群开展鳞片与生长特征的研究.结果表明,似刺鳊(鱼句)年轮环纹呈疏密切割或疏密碎裂型,年轮特征显著,偶见幼轮、副轮及生殖痕.种群由1～6龄共6个龄组组成,2～4龄为优势龄组,占总数的80.17%,体长分布范围在14～29.8 cm之间,集中在19～23 cm(占总数的71.49%),体质量范围在56～538.1 g之间,其中体质量为149～242 g的个体占样本总数的67.36%;群体雌雄比为2.18:1,在低龄阶段(1～2龄)雌雄数量基本持平,雄性略占优势;从5龄开始,雌性数量远超出同龄组雄性,6龄以上基本由雌性构成.各龄组雌、雄生长不存在显著性差异(P>0.05).体长与鳞径呈幂函数关系,体质量和体长的幂函数方程为:W=0.0128L3.1587,幂指数接近3,属于匀速生长类型,拟合Von Bertalanffy生长方程为:Lt=30.62(1-e-0.1578(t+3.7887);W=632.49(1-e-0.1578(t+3.7887)3.1587.渐近体长L∞=30.62 cm,渐近体质量W∞=632.49 g,生长拐点时间t=3.55龄,此时的体长和体质量分别为Lt=20.99 cm,Wt=192.24 g.澄湖似刺鳊(鱼句)的总体生长性能优于其他生境种群. 相似文献
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以养殖群体为对照,研究了广东东江外来尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)鳞片、腹鳍棘、鳃盖骨、脊椎骨和矢耳石5种年龄材料的年轮结构特征。与养殖群体相比,整体上东江种群年轮的清晰度及对比度更高。结合周年水温数据,推测东江尼罗罗非鱼在1 3月份低温期形成1个年轮标志,而其副轮较多的特征可能与繁殖活动有关。在5种年龄材料中,以矢耳石的轮纹特征最为明显,且规律性强,而鳃盖骨和鳞片受副轮影响,可读性最低。5种年龄材料的可读性由大到小顺序为矢耳石、脊椎骨、腹鳍棘、鳃盖骨、鳞片。 相似文献
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为研究张家口坝上高背鲫鱼的年龄与生长特征,以鳞片上的年轮为年龄鉴定依据,得出该鱼体长(L)与鳞长(B)呈直线正相关:L=28.647B+12.888(r2=0.968 1);并通过生物学测量得出该鱼体重(W)与体长(L)呈指数函数关系,表达式为:W=8×10-6 L3.299 2(r2=0.992 6);渔获物年龄组成为Ⅰ龄26.7%,Ⅱ龄26.7%,Ⅲ龄30.0%,Ⅳ龄13.3%,Ⅴ龄3.3%。渔获物体长范围为74.19～194.15mm,体重范围为14.05～306.00g,其中体长120～150mm的个体占多数(53.33%)。除Ⅲ龄鱼外,体长增长是逐渐较小的趋势,体重增长是逐渐较大的趋势。Ⅲ龄鱼体长、体重增长都最慢。 相似文献
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研究鱼类的年龄结构与生长特性可为评价天然水体野生资源的动态变化提供理论依据,鳞片是低龄鱼可靠的年龄鉴定材料;由于营养不足和水环境因素的影响,高龄鱼出现年轮被机体重吸收、鳞片生长明显慢于机体生长的现象,导致用鳞片鉴定年龄的准确性明显降低。以2008年1月至2010年1月采集于乌江上游总溪河的113尾四川裂腹鱼（Schizothorax kolzovi）为材料,对比臀鳞、脊椎骨、鳃盖骨和微耳石材料并鉴定年轮,研究其年龄与生长的关系。结果表明,四川裂腹鱼体长和体重在雌雄群体间的差异不显著（P ＞0．05）,体重（W;g）和体长（L;mm）拟合关系式为 W＝0．00002L2．9511（R2＝0．9543,n ＝113）;对比选择臀鳞鉴定年龄、测量鳞径,并建立 von Berta-lanffy 生长方程,Lt ＝598．39[1－e －0．0929（t ＋3．3636）]和 Wt ＝3134．65[1－e －0．0929（t ＋3．3636）]2．9511。采集的四川裂腹鱼群体由1～4龄组成,优势年龄组为3龄,占标本总数的57．5％,年龄结构趋于低龄化;体重生长拐点年龄为8．3龄,对应的体长和体重分别为395．62 mm 和924．39 g。 相似文献
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新疆额尔齐斯河银鲫年龄鉴定比较与生长特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以2013年4－10月从新疆额尔齐斯河采集的546尾银鲫（Carassius auratus gibelio）样本为材料,比较4种钙化组织（微耳石、鳞片、鳃盖骨和脊椎骨）年龄鉴定结果,选择最佳的年龄鉴定材料,研究其生长特征。结果表明,4种钙化组织中,微耳石磨片年龄读数的平均百分比误差（IAPE）最低（1.89%）,同一观察者2次读龄的吻合率最高（91.9%）,为4种材料中最为准确的年龄鉴定材料;采用微耳石进行年龄鉴定,银鲫样本由1～9龄组成,以3～4龄为主,占77.28%;银鲫体长与体重呈幂函数关系,雌雄群体间无显著性差异,体长与体重的关系为：W=2.661×10-5L3.085（R2=0.96,n=546）;生长规律用von Bertalanffy生长方程表示为：Lt=359.7 [1-e-0.172(t+1.066)], Wt=2042.3[1-e-0.172(t+1.066)]3.085;个体的生长拐点年龄为5.49龄,对应的体长及体重分别为243.2 mm和610.81 g。 相似文献
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以鳞片作为年龄鉴定材料,对长江上游特有鱼类张氏(Hemiculter tchangi Fang)种群的年龄结构和生长特性进行了研究。结果表明:张氏鳞片的年轮结构呈疏密切割型,2~3月是年轮形成最多的月份。其渔获物由1~4龄组成,其中857尾为1~2龄,占总数的83.84%;雌∶雄性比为1.07∶1,符合1∶1理论比值(X2=0.754,P>0.05,n=1001),随着年龄的增长呈雌鱼多于雄鱼的趋势。体长主要分布在81~180 mm(94.9%),体重主要分布在2.9~50.0 g(67.69%)。体长和鳞径呈直线关系,体长和体重呈幂函数关系且幂指数接近3,属于匀速生长类型,生长方程为Lt=196.05(1-e-0.36(t+1.26));Wt=97.195(1-e-0.36(t+1.26))3.145,拐点年龄为1.92龄,相应的体长体重分别为133.5 mm、29.13 g。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
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Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded
eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D3 was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to14C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D3. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that
D3 reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular
secretion of phosphate. 相似文献