共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 0 毫秒
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黑龙江茴鱼(Thymallus arcticus grubei Dybowski)精子活力的观察 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
用BSS和水两种激活剂对黑龙江茴鱼精子活力进行测定,并在4℃和14℃(室温)条件下,对精原液和用ASP稀释的精液分别进行保存试验.试验结果显示,用BSS和水均可激活黑龙江茴鱼精子,其精子活率分别可达100%和98%.14℃条件下,用BSS激活黑龙江茴鱼精子平均寿命为72.1s,A级(快速)运动时间平均为14.1s;用水激活精子平均寿命为67.2s,A级运动时间平均为12.5s.不同温度保存的精子寿命和快速运动时间也有显著差异:精原液4℃保存2h后精子失去A级运动,其激活率在70%以上,保存6h后激活率小于20%;精原液14℃保存1.5h后精子失去A级运动,其激活率大于70%,4h后激活率小于20%.经ASP(pH分别为7.0、7.8、8.0、8.5、9.0)稀释的精液,在4℃和14℃条件下,BSS和water对精子的激活率均小于20%,且精子均呈现C、D级运动,1.5h后各保存组激活率为0.试验结果表明,BSS对黑龙江茴鱼的精子有良好的激活效果;精原液4℃保存效果好于14℃,在4℃保存条件下2h以内使用,可以得到理想的结果;精液不宜用ASP稀释保存. 相似文献
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热休克诱导全雌虹鳟三倍体 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
以虹鳟二倍体的伪雄鱼为父本（遗传型为xx），探讨了采用热休克方法阻止第二极体排放诱导全雌虹鳟三倍体的适宜条件。结果表明：虹鳟三倍体诱导率明显受处理温度、起始时间以及持续时间等因子的影响。在孵化水温为6．5℃，卵子受精后20min经26℃热处理20min，孵化率为64．62％，三倍体诱导率为86．67％；卵子受精后lOmin经26℃热处理20min，三倍体诱导率为100％，但孵化率仅为3．87％。受精卵经26℃处理的诱导效果好于24℃和28℃的（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
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二、三倍体虹鳟肌肉组织结构及营养成分的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取相同养殖条件下3个不同体质量组的二倍体虹鳟和三倍体虹鳟,其中每组二倍体和三倍体虹鳟各10尾,分析其肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸含量和肌纤维密度及直径,以比较二倍体和三倍体虹鳟的肌肉品质特性差异。试验结果表明,随着体质量的增加,二倍体、三倍体虹鳟肌纤维密度均降低,而肌纤维直径增大;二倍体虹鳟肌纤维直径小于三倍体,密度大于三倍体(P0.05)。随着体质量的增加,二倍体和三倍体虹鳟肌肉水分含量和粗灰分含量减少,而粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量显著增加;三倍体虹鳟粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于同组二倍体(P0.05),水分和粗灰分含量略低于二倍体,均差异不显著(P0.05)。二倍体和三倍体虹鳟肌肉中谷氨酸含量均最高,三倍体虹鳟总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量以及鲜味氨基酸含量高于二倍体;根据营养价值评价结果,二倍体和三倍体虹鳟均为蛋氨酸和胱氨酸总量最高,第一限制性氨基酸均为苯丙氨酸。整体上来说,二倍体虹鳟和三倍体虹鳟均为优质蛋白源,二倍体虹鳟嫩度优于三倍体,但随着体质量的增加,三倍体虹鳟肌肉在营养成分上较均衡,且鲜美度要优于二倍体,有更好的食用价值及营养价值。 相似文献
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三倍体雌性虹鳟卵巢发育的类雄性化趋势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以4～35月龄三倍体雌性虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)为实验材料,以同源二倍体为对照,采用组织学和放射免疫方法,从性腺发育和生殖激素变化2个方面对其类雄性化现象进行了研究,并分析了类雄性化的原因.结果表明,三倍体虹鳟的卵原细胞可正常发育至卵黄发育前期卵母细胞(8月龄左右),此后卵母细胞败育,基质细胞包围卵原细胞形成卵原细胞簇,17月龄后卵巢中卵原细胞簇减少,出现与雄性精小囊结构相似的类生精细胞囊结构;26～35月龄类生精细胞囊逐渐成为性腺的主要成分,在类生精细胞囊内出现大量坏死的细胞;13月龄后三倍体雌性虹鳟血清中GtH-Ⅰ、GtH-Ⅱ、17β-E2含量显著低于同期二倍体虹鳟,睾酮(T)在21月龄后持续上升,并显著高于同期二倍体(P＜0.05).17月龄后三倍体雌性虹鳟卵巢发育呈现类雄性化趋势,但不能完成精子发生全部过程.由于性腺中生殖细胞与体细胞之间正常的相互作用缺失,合成类固醇的滤泡细胞发育分化受阻,T芳化为17β-E2途径中断,导致血液中T浓度升高,进而使性原细胞的分化受到了诱导,因而卵巢发育呈现类雄性化趋势. 相似文献
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通过光学显微镜对染色体数为150±的三倍体和染色体数为100的二倍体银鲫(Carassius ouratus gibclio Bloch)的精巢组织学结构进行了比较观察.三倍体和二倍体银鲫的精巢组织学结构基本相同,属于小叶型,都是由外膜和实质构成,各精小叶呈辐射状分布,一个小叶由数个精小囊组成.其精原细胞存在于精小叶内壁上,精母细胞和未成熟的精子细胞位于精小囊中,精子成熟后从精小囊进入小叶腔.三倍体银鲫成熟精子的体积为(11.8±2.8)μm3,二倍体平均为(6.8±1.8)μm3,二者的比例接近3:2.结果表明三倍体银鲫的精巢能够发育成熟,其精子发生过程正常,经过减数分裂,能产生正常的精子;因此三倍体的黑龙江银鲫是具有双倍性特征的多倍体群体. 相似文献
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雄性三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhyncus mykiss)可以发育至生理成熟并表现出较强的雄性副性征,性腺发育基本正常;雌性三倍体虹鳟性腺几乎不发育,并且存在着类雄性化的发育趋势.本研究拟通过对虹鳟杂交胚胎(2n♀×3n♂)发育状况及其DNA倍性的分析,进而确认三倍体虹鳟是否具有与二倍体虹鳟类似的生育能力并分析其原因.选取经两个世代家系选育的虹鳟优良品系二倍体雌性虹鳟作为母本,以热休克方法人工诱导的优质雄性三倍体虹鳟为父本,常规人工采集精卵授精,获得三倍体雄性与二倍体雌性杂交胚胎,观察杂交胚胎的发育进程,通过流式细胞仪检测杂交胚胎的DNA含量,进而与二倍体雌雄交配获得的胚胎对照确定杂交胚胎的倍性.结果表明,杂交胚胎的受精率、发眼率和孵化率均显著地低于对照组,杂交胚胎多数在发眼期之前死亡,破膜的胚胎在仔鱼期上浮前全部死亡.杂交胚胎的DNA含量分布范围较大,大致可以分为两个水平,接近84％的胚胎的DNA含量介于二倍体与三倍体之间,约为对照组DNA含量的2.5倍;约有16％的胚胎的DNA含量在三倍体和四倍体之间.本研究认为,染色体非整倍体化可能会引起杂交胚胎细胞核质不相容,进而导致基因表达调控紊乱,从而使杂交胚胎不能正常发育,无法完成由母体卵黄供给的内源营养向外源营养的转换,成为导致杂交胚胎发育过程中大量死亡,以及杂交仔鱼在破膜之后开始进食之前全部死亡的一个重要原因. 相似文献
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不同倍性雌性虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)性体指数与肝体指数的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
文章研究了二倍体和三倍体雌性虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）在13月龄、17月龄、21月龄和35月龄时的性体指数（GSI）和肝体指数（HSI）及其相关性。二倍体雌性虹鳟的GSI在13月龄时最小（0．083％），此后逐渐上升，至35月龄达到高峰（8．918％），变化幅度极大；HSI在13-31月龄呈上升趋势，至31月龄时达最大值（1．444％），然后下降。三倍体雌性虹鳟的GSI变化幅度很小，17月龄时达到最大值（0．103％），35月龄时最小（0．032％）；HSI在17月龄达到高峰（1．179％），而后下降，31月龄最低（1．067％）。试验结果表明，二倍体雌性虹鳟GSI与HSI的变化密切相关，可间接反映鱼类的生殖和生长状况；三倍体雌性虹鳟GSI与HSI无显著相关性，说明其肝脏与卵巢之间没有大规模的营养物质与能量的转移，有利于商品鱼的生产。 相似文献
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通过比较同源四倍体、倍间三倍体与二倍体团头鲂（Megalobrama amblycephala）的红细胞、红细胞核的形态大小差异,探讨不同倍性团头鲂的红细胞形态遗传特征。结果表明：（1）团头鲂多倍体（同源4n和倍间3n）的红细胞数量显著低于二倍体（2n）团头鲂（P〈0．05）。其中,倍间三倍体团头鲂每毫升血液的红细胞数为二倍体的78．95％,而同源四倍体的红细胞数量下降幅度较大,仅为2n团头鲂的56．87％。（2）团头鲂同源四倍体、倍间三倍体的红细胞短径和长径、核短径和长径、红细胞表面积、红细胞体积和核体积均依倍性增加而显著增大（P〈0．05）;其中,又以核体积增大最为显著,同源四倍体、倍间三倍体的核体积分别为2n团头鲂的1．97倍和1．39倍。（3）团头鲂同源四倍体每毫升血液红细胞的总体积和总表面积,均明显低于二倍体和倍间三倍体团头鲂（P〈0．05）;倍间三倍体每毫升血液红细胞的总体积要多于二倍体团头鲂（P〈0．05）,但红细胞的总表面积在倍间三倍体与二倍体团头鲂间不存在显著差异（P〉0．05）。（4）在团头鲂同源四倍体中还观察到一定比例的异常红细胞现象。 相似文献
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同时采用冷休克法和静水压法进行大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson）倍体诱导条件研究，同时比较适合条件下两种方法诱导效果差异以及大批量诱导组不同生长阶段三倍体榆出率的差别。结果表明：（1）冷休克法和静水压法都可成功诱导出大黄鱼二倍体。冷休克法适宜诱导条件为20℃培育水温下授精后3min，在3～4℃海水中处理8～10min；静水压法适宜诱导条件为同样培育水温下授精后3min，在静水压450kg／cm^2下处理3min。三倍体诱导率受处理时刻、处理时间和处理温度（或压力）3因素的影响。（2）综合三倍体诱导率、处理后受精卵原肠期存活率和仔鱼孵化率，静水压法诱导效果要明显优于冷休克法。（3）采用冷休克法进行大黄鱼三倍体大批量诱导，早期胚胎、初孵仔鱼和4月龄幼鱼三倍体检出率分别为34．03％、29．54％和14.81％。表明随生长发育诱导组三倍体检出率有下降趋势。 相似文献
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Robert Vassallo-Agius Takeshi Watanabe Goro Yoshizaki Shuichi Satoh Yutaka Takeuchi 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(5):818-827
ABSTRACT: The effect of an n-3 essential fatty acid (EFA) -deficient diet on spawning and on the lipid and fatty acid contents of eggs, semen and livers of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated. Fish were split into two groups and fed either of two diets for a period of 4 months prior to the start of the spawning season. The control group was fed a commercial diet, containing n-3 EFA, whereas the experimental group was fed an n-3 EFA-deficient diet. Fish were 3 years old at the time of spawning. Eggs and semen were stripped off five females and five males from each diet group and cross-fertilized. Two of the five males fed the deficient diet showed a lower sperm motility, resulting in slightly lower mean hatching rates when crossed with eggs of either group. Higher lipid contents in the EFA-deficient diet were reflected in the egg and semen lipid contents, whereas the lipid contents of male livers of both diet groups were higher than those of female livers. In livers and eggs, the main polar lipid was phosphatidylcholine accompanied by phosphatidylethanolamine in sperm polar lipids. The non-polar lipids of eggs were mainly triacylglycerols but in livers and semen, free fatty acids and free sterols were more abundant. Essential fatty acids, namely n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and linolenic acid, were generally lower in eggs, semen and livers sampled from the EFA-deficient diet group. These results indicate that the fertilization, eyed and hatching rates obtained from crossings with males fed the EFA-deficient diet were slightly lower because of the dietary effect on sperm motility. Moreover, lipids of eggs, semen and livers of male and female rainbow trout were influenced greatly by their dietary availability. 相似文献
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Cyp19a1b、Cyp11a1、Cyp11b2、Cyp17a1、Hsd3b1等细胞色素相关基因能够调节硬骨鱼类性类固醇的合成,对性腺发育和性别决定产生影响。本研究以全雌三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)为研究对象,正常雌性二倍体虹鳟为对照,选取31~68 dpf(days post fertilization)时间段的虹鳟仔鱼脑组织,采用q RT-PCR和酶联免疫的方法研究以上几种基因的表达状况和脑芳香化酶的活性变化,以期探明导致三倍体雌性虹鳟性腺发育异常的关键原因。q RTPCR结果显示,二倍体中Cyp19a1b在30~50 dpf时表达量上调并且维持在较稳定水平,但50~56 dpf时表达量逐渐下调,之后56~68 dpf表达量持续上调;三倍体中Cyp19a1b表达量在30~35 dpf开始上调,35~47 dpf逐渐下调,47~55 dpf开始第二次上调,之后维持在较稳定水平直至68 dpf,但三倍体Cyp19a1b的表达量显著(P0.05)低于同期二倍体的。二倍体Cyp11a1表达量在34 dpf出现峰值,三倍体Cyp11a1在38 dpf时出现峰值。二倍体Hsd3b1表达量在33~42 dpf时维持在较高水平,在38 dpf时出现高峰;三倍体Hsd3b1表达量在47~59 dpf时较高,在49 dpf出现高峰。二倍体中Cyp11b2在37 dpf出现峰值,之后开始下调;三倍体在40 dpf出现峰值,之后逐渐下调,但三倍体Cyp11b2表达量显著低于同期二倍体。二倍体Cyp17a1的表达量在35~46 dpf时逐渐上升,在45 dpf时达到高峰之后直至69 dpf逐渐下降,并且维持在较为平稳的水平上;但是在相同的实验条件下未检测到同一时期三倍体Cyp17a1的表达量。酶联免疫结果显示,在40 dpf时二者的脑芳香化酶活性到达高峰,但在40~60 dpf时期,二倍体虹鳟脑芳香化酶活性显著(P0.05)高于三倍体虹鳟,尤其在45~50 dpf时,该酶活性分别较三倍体的高1.15倍和1.12倍。以上结果表明三倍体虹鳟早期性腺发育迟缓的原因之一是Cyp19a1b、Cyp11a1、Cyp11b2、Cyp17a1、Hsd3b1等基因的表达晚于二倍体,且表达量低于二倍体,造成雌二醇不能正常合成,最终导致性腺发育迟缓。 相似文献
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为筛选出更有效的虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)精液冷冻保存液,在以10％ 甲醇和0.3 M葡萄糖作为主要成分的基础上,分别或同时添加0.9 g/L氯化钾和10％ 蛋黄形成四种冷冻保存液,用于虹鳟精液冷冻保存试验,分别形成4个处理组:Ⅰ#(不添加氯化钾和蛋黄)、Ⅱ#(添加氯化钾)、Ⅲ#(添加蛋黄)和Ⅳ#(... 相似文献
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Ximing Guo William K. Hershberger James M. Myers 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1990,21(4):250-256
Triploid rainbow trout exhibit improved survival and extended growth during sexual maturation, compared to their diploid counterparts. However, there have been few benefits demonstrated prior to sexual maturation. This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of improving growth and survival parameters in triploids through interstrain crosses. Triploids were induced by heat shocking fertilized eggs from intra- and interstrain crosses of two rainbow trout strains. The four triploid groups and their diploid counterpart groups were reared to 233 days post-hatching and analyzed for growth and survival characteristics. Compared with diploids, triploids had significantly (P < 0.05) higher mortalities during the first 100 days post-fertilization, primarily just prior to and after hatching. However, during the remainder of the study triploids exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower mortalities than diploids. During the first 50 days of rearing all four triploid groups were significantly shorter and lighter than their diploid counterparts. The growth of the triploid groups later in the study varied considerably. At the conclusion of the rearing phase, one interstrain triploid group was significantly (P < 0.05) longer than its diploid counterpart, although not significantly heavier. The other triploid groups were either significantly smaller than, or equal to the diploids. Analysis of variance indicated that the growth of triploid rainbow trout was significantly affected by maternal strain effects. These results suggest that the use of specific strains and crosses may improve the growth of triploid rainbow trout. 相似文献
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J M Blanc Frédéric Vallée Patrick Maunas & Jean-Paul Fouriot 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(2):120-129
Related sib‐groups of rainbow trout × brown trout and rainbow trout × brook charr triploid hybrids and monospecific diploid and triploid rainbow trout controls were obtained from a common set of rainbow trout dams. On the basis of hybrid juvenile performances, 10 sib‐groups were selected and the corresponding diploid rainbow trouts were raised up to adult stage. Females from each group of rainbow trout were used to produce a second generation of hybrid progeny, the performances of which were analysed for grandmaternal variation and relation with first‐generation relatives. Results showed that hybrid traits (alevin yield and weight, survival and growth of fingerlings) were strongly influenced by maternal origin, and could be correlated to those of rainbow trout controls, but that maternal abilities had a low rate of inheritance. It was concluded that little improvement can be expected through selective breeding within parental populations. 相似文献
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Reducing bacterial density in the semen of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by applying gradient centrifugation and swim‐up washing methods 
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下载免费PDF全文 The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of disinfection procedures to reduce bacterial load of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), semen. Fresh semen was obtained from 3–4‐year‐old male species by abdominal sampling of sperm into pre‐cooled test tubes. After sperm cryopreservation and thawing, experiments were accomplished at 4–9°C. ‘Swim‐up’ and gradient centrifugation were used as a sperm washing method with commercial kits. Phosphate buffered saline was also used as washing solution. Bacterial growth tests were employed before and after washing the semen samples. Samples were inoculated on tryptic soy agar (TSA), modified Anacker and Ordal agar (MAOA) as well as brain heart infusion (BHI) agar. After using ‘swim‐up’ method for washing the semen, many bacterial colonies were observed. However, after semen washing with gradient centrifugation, lower bacterial growth was observed on TSA, MAOA and BHI. Some motile (40%) spermatozoa were obtained doing gradient washing procedure. Although sperm motility was not satisfactory, apparently the gradient centrifugation method reduced bacterial contamination as known from the mammalians. 相似文献
17.
Otomar Linhart Marek Rodina Martin Flajshans Nicola Mavrodiev Jana Nebesarova David Gela Martin Kocour 《Aquaculture International》2006,14(1-2):9-25
The tench Tinca tinca is an interesting fish from the viewpoint of polyploidy and related atypical reproduction aspects. Triploid tench were produced
artificially. Studies of spermiation as well as of sperm motility and structure were performed on several triploid and diploid
males simultaneously with individual experimental crosses with diploid females to define their reproductive capacities. The
testes of triploids visually looked less developed in the most of cases with lower sperm production (0.05 cm3 sperm per male), GSI and weight of testes compared to diploids (0.58 cm3 sperm per male). Analysis of variance showed significant influence of ploidy level on the percentage of motile spermatozoa.
Triploidy did not change percentage of live spermatozoa and velocity of spermatozoa at the first time of sperm movement. The
study of sperm structure by scanning electron microscopy revealed that most sperm cells were of normal structure with some
anomalies. Sperm heads of triploid and diploid males were mostly round-shaped, 1.86±0.2 and 1.6±0.18 μm in diameter. The midpiece
of triploid spermatozoa was slightly narrower than that of diploid ones with typical cylindrical shape. Flow cytometry revealed
sperm cells of triploids to be largely aneuploid (1.47 n) with high mosaic DNA, oscillating from haploid DNA content (1.0 n)
to diploid DNA content (1.9 n). Experimental crosses between triploid males and diploid females revealed that these males
were capable to stimulate effective development with relatively high level of fertilization and hatching rates from 0 to 70%.
In conclusion, triploidization does not seem to guarantee sterility of tench. 相似文献
18.
Fertility trials were run with fish semen diluted in Fish Extender #6 and stored for up to 24 h at 10°C. After 30 min of storage, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and northern pike (Esox lucius) semen diluted 1:255 maintained control values of fertility. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) semen diluted 1:511 also maintained control values of fertility after 30 min of storage. As storage times increased, the dilution ratios that maintained control values of fertility decreased. After 24 h of storage, rainbow trout semen diluted 1:31 and brown trout semen diluted 1:63 maintained control values of fertility. A field trial with rainbow trout semen showed that semen diluted 1:8 maintained control values of fertility after 30 min of storage. Non-motile sperm cells did not significantly (P>0.05) interfere with the fertilizing ability of motile sperm cells. Calculations from the dilution trials on the number of inseminated sperm cells showed that approximately 4000–169 000 motile sperm cells/egg were required to maintain control values of fertility. 相似文献
19.
栉孔扇贝三倍体与二倍体的呼吸代谢比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对栉孔扇贝三倍体的基础耗氧率进行了研究，结果表明，栉孔扇贝三倍体的基础耗氧率在18－20℃范围内随温度的升高而增加，其耗氧与温度的关系可用以下公式表示：0＝0.017e^0-1945tr^2=0.943(2N-A),O=0.072e^0-0958tr^2=0.9955(2N-B),O=0.0492e^0.1185tr^2=0.9088(2N-C),O=0.049e^0.1282t,r^2=0.9882(3N-A),0=0.1265e^0.0802t,r^2=0.9512(3N-B),O=0.0927e^0.0063tr^2=0.9861(3N-C),(O为耗氧率，t为温度）三倍体栉孔扇贝的基础耗氧率存显的昼夜节律，在上午9：00－10：00达到最高，为1．301－0.823mg/(g.h)，在夜间21：00－22：00最低，为0．0002－0.243mg/(g.h)，其基础耗氧率和昼液节律均与二倍体没有明显的差异。 相似文献