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近几年来,在我国塘鱼主产区的珠江三角洲,海南省等地掀起一股尖塘鳢养殖热,在种苗繁育、养殖等方面取得很大的突破与成功,但也有需改进与提高之处,现就云斑尖塘鳢养殖谈几点认识,供业者参考. 相似文献
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<正>杂交尖塘鳢是以云斑尖塘鳢为母本、线纹尖塘鳢为父本进行杂交、回交的新品种,因其具有生长速度快、经济价值高等特点,在珠海地区养殖发展较快。目前在其育苗生产中存在一些问题,主要表现在鱼苗中间培育阶段(1~3厘米)死亡率较高。结合实际生产,在各环境因素中,养殖密度对鱼苗的生长、成活 相似文献
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Marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata Bleeker), with its high demand and price, has a great potential as a profitable commercial aquaculture candidate in Malaysia and Southeast Asia region. Efforts are being made to produce this species in a better controlled culture environment like recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) due to poor growth performance and disease problems shown by conventional cage and outdoor pond culture systems. Quantification of waste excreted by fish is critical to RAS design. This study was conducted to characterize the waste excretion rates of marble goby fed with different diets (live food and minced fish). Ammonia-N (TAN), urea-N, nitrite-N (NO2-N), nitrate-N (NO3-N), total-N (TN), organic-N (ON), feces-N, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total suspended solid (TSS) produced from marble goby were determined over a 72-h excretion period. Under given experimental conditions, the results showed that feed type had significant influence on the waste excretion rates, with marble goby fed live tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exhibiting significantly (P < 0.05) the lowest amount of waste excretion comparable to that of fish fed live common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and minced scads (Decapterus russellii). This indicates that feeding marble goby with tilapia poses less adverse effects on water quality and is thus a suitable diet for this species. The waste excreted by the fish is composed of nitrogenous excretion (TAN, Urea-N, ON, Feces-N), and productions of dissolved biodegradable organic substances (BOD5) and TSS (TSSfeces + TSSwater). About 58-71% of the nitrogen consumed in food was excreted and its rate depended mainly on the feed type. TAN was the chief end-product of protein metabolism; about 74-84% of the daily total nitrogenous excretion was TAN. Urea-N accounted for 13-21% of the daily total nitrogenous excretion indicating that urea-N is an important nitrogenous excretory end-product in marble goby. The waste excretion data presented in this study can be served as a pre-requisite for designing a RAS for this species. The overall BOD5 and TSS production found in this study also point to the need for including bio-filtration unit and suspended solids removal mechanism in the RAS design. 相似文献
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中国对虾（Fenneropenaeus chinensis）是我国海水养殖业中最具代表性的一项产业,优良种质和抗病力已成为对虾养殖业中迫切需要解决的问题。在遗传育种中若能筛选到与抗病、生长等数量性状紧密连锁的遗传标记,将为开展标记辅助育种工作和实现良种化奠定基础。对虾种质资源以及种群遗传学已成为研究热点,种群保护也已提到议事日程。这些研究工作的开展将为对虾良种选育提供理论依据,相信随着研究工作的继续深入,人们会更好、更有效地利用对虾资源。本文对目前已经在对虾遗传多样性和系统进化研究中进行应用的DNA标记技术方法进行分析总结,拟对今后其他物种开展相关工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Nguyen Phu Hoa 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,273(4):443-448
Marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata), a carnivorous fish native to freshwater in Asia-Pacific region, is a high-valued species in many Asian countries. The present study consisting of three experiments was conducted to determine the appropriate density, size and ingestion time of marble goby fingerlings on rice field prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) as prey. Results showed that the ingestion rate of marble goby fingerlings (0.26-1.43 g size) on prawns (9-12 mm in length) had an asymptotic pattern peaked at a predator to prey ratio of 1:20. Marble goby fingerlings did catch prawns during both daytime (07:00-17:00 h) and nighttime (17:00-07:00 h), but the ingestion peaked during nighttime period. The hourly ingestion rate during nighttime was significantly higher than that during daytime for the smaller-size marble goby fingerlings of 0.26-0.87 g, while there was no significant difference in the hourly ingestion between nighttime and daytime for the larger-size marble goby fingerlings of 1.43 g. The daily ingestion of marble goby fingerlings on prawns (mg consumed prawns/goby/day) increased significantly with increasing average weights (g) of marble goby fingerlings (Y = 27.6 + 47.8X, n = 30, r2 = 0.86, p < 0.05). Results also showed that the preferred prawn size of marble goby fingerlings of average weights of 0.26-4.18 g was small (9-12 mm) with positive electivity index of 0.19-0.33, and the shift from small- to medium-size (12-14 mm) prawns was slow. The present study has demonstrated the feasibility of using rice field prawns as live foods to nurse marble goby fingerlings. 相似文献
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团头鲂营养需求与健康研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
团头鲂是我国主要的大宗淡水养殖品种之一,其养殖规模在近10年不断扩大。团头鲂的营养物质需求主要以生长和营养缺乏症为评价指标。而营养物质对鱼类健康,如免疫反应和抗病力等影响的研究尚不充分。一般认为,饲料中营养物质搭配合理、品质优良有利于维持鱼类生理健康,并能保护养殖水环境。此外,一些营养物质如维生素,在鱼类的免疫机制中发挥重要作用。未来水产饲料应具有促进水产动物生长和维持健康的双重作用,通过营养调控预防鱼类疾病是保证水产养殖可持续发展的重要策略之一。本研究综述了团头鲂对蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质营养需求的研究进展,以及饲料营养元素对团头鲂免疫力及抗病力影响的最新报道,以期为团头鲂高效配合饲料的开发提供科学参考。 相似文献
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随着高密度集约化水产养殖业的发展，溶解氧、水温和氨氮等水环境因子胁迫已成为制约渔业高质量发展的限制性因素，抗逆水产新品种的培育成为重要的解决途径之一。本文综述了鱼类对温度、低氧、氨氮、亚硝态氮、盐碱胁迫的响应机制，以及环境耐受性鱼类新品种的育种现状，提出充分利用第一次全国水产养殖种质资源系统调查结果发掘优异种质资源，建立高通量表型和基因型精准鉴定技术，深入解析鱼类响应环境因子胁迫的机制，利用分子标记辅助育种、全基因组选择育种、基因编辑育种和分子设计育种等现代分子育种技术进行高效精准抗逆新品种的培育，为鱼类抗逆性新品种培育提供参考。 相似文献
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牙鲆抗鳗弧菌病家系筛选及其分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
2007年以从养殖牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)中筛选出的抗病选育群体、从日本引进的日本群体以及从黄海捕捞的野生群体为基础,进行各种组合方式的交配,建立了63个牙鲆家系;2008年又建立了30个家系。对2007年培育的59个家系和2008年培育的30个家系进行了鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)感染实验,结果表明,不同家系间的抗病力存在极显著的差异(P0.01)。从2007年培育的59个家系中筛选出4个抗病家系,鳗弧菌感染后存活率达到50%以上;2008年的30个家系中5个家系抗病力较强,鳗弧菌感染后的存活率达到60%以上。2008年培育的30个家系其4月龄和6月龄的感染后存活率的相关系数为0.403(P0.05),表明不同生长时期的感染结果具有一致性。230d的体长和体质量与对鳗弧菌的抗病力存在显著的相关关系(P0.05),皮尔森相关系数分别为0.282和0.237。研究发现,日本群体与抗病选育群体的杂交后代抗病性能表现优异,可以通过日本群体与中国群体间的杂交进行遗传改良,达到培育出高产、抗病牙鲆新品种的目的。 相似文献
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Effects of Added Shelter and Stocking Density on Growth of Sleepy Cod Oxyeleotris lineolatus in Ponds 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Brett W. Herbert Peter A. Graham Scot D. Foster 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2003,34(4):433-440
Sleepy cod Oxyeleotris lineolatus is a species of freshwater goby in demand in Australian markets by consumers of Asian origin. It is related to marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus , the most expensive freshwater food fish in Asia, which is cultured throughout southeast Asia in ponds and cages. The performance of sleepy cod in culture conditions was investigated to assess the viability of farming them in northern Australia. Sleepy cod fingerlings (62.8 ± 0.8 mm total length and 2.56 ± 0.095 g) were stocked into experimental ponds at 32,857 fish/ha, and grown out for 8 mo. Shelter was provided in each of three replicate ponds and was absent in three control ponds. The provision of shelter in juvenile growout was found to be of no benefit, although fish in ponds provided with shelter weighed slightly more per unit length than fish in ponds without shelter. Cannibalism was not a problem in growout, and survival was close to 100%. After the shelter trial was completed, fish were graded into large and small classes (three replicates of each), and grown out without shelter at the same density for 158 d. Following that, fish were again graded, and the largest 30% retained from growout at a density of 8,857 fish/ha (large, 198 ± 6.44 g) or 10,000 fish/ha (small, 48.9 ± 1.27 g). These were grown out for 188 d. Growth of selected stock at low densities was slower than earlier growth rates, although smaller fish gained weight more rapidly than larger fish. Growth rates were better than the only published data for marble goby. Further investigation into high density culture and different genotypes of sleepy cod needs to be undertaken to determine the viability of pond culture. 相似文献
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半滑舌鳎家系建立及其生长和抗病性能测定 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
以半滑舌鳎渤海野生群体和人工养殖群体为基础群体,建立了半滑舌鳎家系18个。对不同家系鱼苗进行荧光标记后放在同池进行生长比较,结果表明不同家系鱼苗生长速度差异显著,筛选出生长快速的家系2个(家系15和16号),生长较快的家系4个(家系6号、7号、16号和30号),生长速度一般的家系12个(家系1号、3号、4号、10号、12号、14号、19号、24号、27号、28号、33号和34号)。利用鳗弧菌感染其中12个家系,结果显示,2号家系感染后的成活率为79.25%,被认作抗病力强家系;2个家系(12号和14号)感染后的成活率为50%～60%,被认作抗病力较强家系;6个家系(3号,6号,7号,10号,16号和19号)成活率为35%～50%,被认作抗病力一般的家系;3个家系(15号、27号和30号)的成活率在35%以下,被认作抗病力差的家系。结果表明通过家系选育方法可以筛选出生长速度快、抗病力强的半滑舌鳎优良家系,从而为半滑舌鳎高产、抗病优良品种培育提供新的技术手段。 相似文献
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深远海网箱养殖是一种新型水产养殖模式,具有技术先进、环境友好和成鱼品质高等优点,因此,它对推进水产养殖绿色发展战略意义重大。本文在介绍中国普通网箱和深水网箱、国外深远海网箱发展简况的基础上,重点概述2017年前后中国深远海网箱发展现状及其研究进展,并对今后的发展方向加以展望。2017年前,我国深远海网箱处于起步阶段,开发了特力夫~(TM)超大型深海养殖网箱等近10种深远海网箱。2017年后,我国深远海网箱进入快速发展期,开发应用了"深蓝1号"全潜式深海渔场等一系列深远海网箱,引领了深远海网箱的现代化建设。迄今为止,我国主要开展了深远海网箱的定义、专利、结构、绳网材料及其配套智能装备等研究,部分成果已得到应用。为适应水产养殖绿色发展要求,今后我国深远海网箱将朝着离岸化、大型化和智能化等方向发展。虽然我国深远海网箱养殖业取得了长足进展,但与挪威等国外先进技术相比,我们还存在巨大的差距。我国深远海网箱养殖业前景广阔,但相关工作任重道远。 相似文献
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鲑鳟鱼类是典型的冷水性鱼类,经济价值高,是世界重要经济养殖鱼类之一。然而,随着其养殖产量攀升,养殖密度增大,养殖环境恶化,鲑鳟鱼类寄生虫病的发生和危害也日趋频繁和严重,严重制约了产业的健康发展。鲑鳟鱼常见的、危害较为严重的寄生虫主要包括三代虫(Gyrodactylus)、鱼虱(Caligus rogercresseyi)、阿米巴原虫(Neoparamoeba perurans)、脑碘泡虫(Myxobolus cerebralis)、苔藓鲑四囊虫(Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae)和库道虫(Kudoa spp.)。这些寄生虫生活史简单,繁殖速度快,大多寄生在鱼体表面及体内的各种组织器官上,导致鱼体生长缓慢、抵抗力下降,引起鱼体损伤并造成死亡。在防治方法上,通过物理控制、化学药物和免疫治疗相结合的方法进行综合防控。本文对鲑鳟鱼常见寄生虫病领域的研究和成果进行简要综述,以期为鲑鳟鱼寄生虫病的研究和防治提供参考。 相似文献