共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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北方地区高背鲫池塘养殖技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高背鲫即高体型异育银鲫,是采用生化遗传标记和组织移植亲和性检测的方法,从天然雌核发育银鲫4个不同的雌核发育系中选育出来的优良品种(方正银鲫雌核发育的D系鲫鱼为母本,江西的兴国红鲤为父本)。形态特征与普通异育银鲫相比,其体色为银灰色中略带黄色。此鱼具有生长快、抗病力强、肉质细嫩、味道鲜美、营养丰 相似文献
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分析了天然雌核发育三倍体滁州鲫种质资源的现状及其生物学特性,阐述了对其进行种质资源保护利用的意义,对滁州鲫的良种选育和开发利用提出了措施和建议. 相似文献
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(二) 现代生物技术育种方法生物技术又称生物工程,与育种相关的生物技术主要是基因工程和细胞工程。基因工程应用于鱼类育种尚属始探索阶段,而细胞工程应用于鱼类育种已取得显著成效。 1、鱼类的雌核发育 (1) 鱼类的天然雌核发育在自然界,动物的生育方式有单性生殖和两性生殖之分。脊椎动物大多行两性生殖,但在鱼类也有少数种类是行雌核发育的。所谓雌核发育是指某些鱼类例如美洲鳉、银鲫,这些鱼类的成熟卵子已具备全部发育信息的潜能;并能够限制精子的作用只能激活卵子发育不产生雄性原核。我国黑龙江水系的银鲫是天然三倍体,而且以雌核发育方式进行繁殖的两性种群。我国科技工作者已经证实、银鲫的卵子不进行第二次成熟分裂,故其染色体不减半而始终保持三倍体;同 相似文献
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方正银鲫(Carassius auratus auratus L.)产于黑龙江省方正县双凤水库,属鲫鱼的一个地理种群。它与日本和东欧银鲫一样,是一个天然雌核发育种群,因而所产生的后代与母本相似。沈俊宝等用鲤鱼精子与方正银鲫受精时没出现杂交个体,蒋一 相似文献
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利用异源精子激发雌核发育的银鲫及亲本的RAPD分析 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
方正银鲫是黑龙江水系营天然雌核发育的两性型种群,这已被许多研究结果证实。但是从八十年代中期以来,国内一些研究者对该鱼的雌核发育特性,提出了不同的看法。一般认为银鲫的雌核发育机制同种或异种精子进入卵子后只刺激其发育,并不发生雌雄原核的结合,精子进入卵子后固缩成致密状态,并不形成雄性原核。也就是说子代的发育只是在雌原核的参与下进行的,子代完全继承母本的遗传特性[沈俊宝等1983]。但1983年蒋一王圭等用鲫、红鲫和兴国红鲤的精子刺激银鲫卵子发育,发现其子代(称异育银鲫)的生长较母本不同程度加快了,个别个体鳞被出现红斑,同… 相似文献
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雌核发育异育银鲫出现杂交种 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
雌核发育异育银鲫出现杂交种俞豪祥，张海明（上海市水产研究所２００４３３）异育银鲫Ａｌｌｏｇｙｎｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｓｌｉｖｅｒｃｒｕｃｉａｎｅａｒｐ是以天然雌核发育（生殖）的黑龙江方正银鲫Ｃａｒａｓｓｉｕｓａｕｒａｔｕｓｇｉｂｅｌｉｏ与有性生殖的江西兴国... 相似文献
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滁州鲫种群保护与合理利用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近 1 0年来 ,我国继发现云南滇池高背鲫是一个天然雌核发育种群后 ,又陆续发现黑龙江方正县双凤水库的方正银鲫、河南林县淇河的淇河鲫、广东翁源县等地的缩骨鲫、贵州普安县青山镇一带的普安鲫、江西彭泽县丁家湖等水域的彭泽鲫部分群体都是行雌核发育的鱼类。近年 ,又发现安徽滁州市城西水库的滁州鲫是天然三倍体的两性种群。1 滁州鲫的主要生物学特性1 1 形态特征滁州鲫为全鳞被 ,群体内存在形态特征稍有差异的四种类型。体型可分为高背型和低背型两大类群 ,其中高背型占群体总数的5 4% ,侧线鳞数为 2 8- 30 ,尾柄高大于尾柄长。其形… 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
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Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded
eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D3 was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to14C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D3. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that
D3 reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular
secretion of phosphate. 相似文献