共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
研究了以全池泼洒的投药方式,孔雀石绿(MG)(池塘中MG的理论浓度为1 mg/L)及其主要代谢物隐性孔雀石绿(LMG)在斑点叉尾(Ietalurus punetaus)肌肉和皮肤以及养殖水体和底泥中的残留消除规律。采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)分析MG及其代谢物LMG在斑点叉尾体内及环境中的浓度水平。结果显示:肌肉、皮肤中MG于用药后第1天最高浓度分别为:(42.77±5.26)μg/kg和(6.36±0.11)μg/kg,消除半衰期T1/2分别为57.76 d、31.51 d;皮肤和肌肉中LMG分别在用药后第3天和第1天达到最高(502.27±20.43)μg/kg和(125.26±12.76)μg/kg,消除半衰期T1/2分别为33.01 d、38.51 d。这表明MG在斑点叉尾体内会迅速转化为LMG,且LMG残留在皮肤中的浓度大于肌肉中的浓度。养殖环境底泥中同时存在MG和LMG,以LMG为主,并且LMG呈现蓄积的趋势,在第360天出现最高浓度(5.92±1.23)μg/kg;水体中MG最高浓度出现在第1天,为(46.44±7.39)μg/L,随后急剧降至1μg/L左右,水体中几乎不存在LMG。 相似文献
2.
《中国渔业质量与标准》2018,(2)
为研究甲砜霉素(thiamphenicol)在大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)体内的代谢动力学特征和残留消除规律,本研究采用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测甲砜霉素混饲口灌后在大菱鲆血浆、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏等样品中的时间-浓度变化。甲砜霉素以30 mg/kg的剂量单次混饲口灌,采集给药后48 h内的药时数据,并以DAS软件非房室模型进行分析,结果显示,甲砜毒素在大菱鲆血浆中达峰浓度(C_(max))和达峰时间(T_(max))分别为21.968μg/m L和9 h,药时曲线下面积[AUC_((0—∞))]为319.754 mg/(L·h),表观分布容积(Vz/F)为6.206 L/kg,平均滞留时间[MRT_((0—∞))]和消除半衰期(T1/2z)分别为33.984 h和45.841 h。甲砜霉素在大菱鲆的肌肉、肝脏和肾脏组织中达峰浓度(C_(max))分别至22.346、27.128和47.718μg/g;在肝脏中达峰时间较快(4 h),在肌肉和肾脏组织中均在9 h;在肾脏中的达峰浓度(C_(max)=47.718μg/g)和药时曲线下面积AUC(0-∞)最大,为517.768 mg/(L·h),表明肾脏对甲砜霉素的吸收能力最高;在肝脏中的平均滞留时间[MRT_((0—∞))=36.565 h]最长,消除半衰期T1/2z为42.370 h,即给药后48 h内甲砜霉素在肝脏中的消除较慢。甲砜霉素以60 mg/kg的高剂量单次给药后,采集30 d内的药时数据并以WT程序进行计算,结果显示甲砜霉素在大菱鲆血浆、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中的理论休药期分别为8.90、10.64、18.19和23.95 d。本研究结果可为甲砜霉素在大菱鲆中的合理应用提供科学依据。 相似文献
3.
《渔业科学进展》2017,(4)
研究了水温为(27±1)℃、盐度为10条件下,单剂量(100 mg/kg)口灌给药复方磺胺嘧啶(磺胺嘧啶SD∶甲氧苄啶TMP=5∶1)后,SD和TMP在拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)体内的药动学以及在肌肉、肝胰腺和鳃组织中的分布和消除规律。结果显示,拟穴青蟹口灌复方磺胺嘧啶后,血淋巴中SD和TMP药物浓度-时间关系曲线均符合一级吸收二室模型,SD和TMP的峰浓度(C_(max))分别为49.56 mg/L和2.79 mg/L,药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为1417.6 mg/L·h和82.7 mg/L·h;肝胰腺是SD和TMP峰浓度最高的组织,其C_(max)分别为59.36 mg/kg和74.82 mg/kg。由此可见,大量TMP蓄积在肝胰腺中,进入血液循环的TMP很少。在鳃组织中,SD和TMP的C_(max)分别为51.89 mg/kg和42.58 mg/kg,消除半衰期分别为23.28 h和25.29 h;鳃组织中药物浓度比较高,且消除速度较快,推测其在药物代谢中承担着消除功能。在肌肉中,SD和TMP的C_(max)分别为44.95 mg/kg和10.09 mg/kg,消除半衰期分别为25.09 h和35.08 h。以0.1 mg/kg和0.05 mg/kg分别为SD和TMP的最高残留限量(MRL),95%置信区间,推算SD和TMP在拟穴青蟹肌肉中的理论休药期分别为290.6 h和302.8 h,在肝胰腺中分别为340.4 h和377.0 h。 相似文献
4.
土霉素在锯缘青蟹体内的药物代谢和消除规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用高效液相色谱法检测土霉素,研究土霉素口灌给药途径下在锯缘青蟹体内的药代动力学。锯缘青蟹口灌给药土霉素50 mg/kg后,其血浆、肌肉和肝胰脏中的药峰浓度分别为16.78±1.98 mg/L、9.39±2.12μg/g和32.12±6.12μg/g,达峰时间分别为4 h、8 h和4 h。血浆中土霉素浓度-时间关系曲线符合一级吸收的二室开放动力学模型。土霉素在锯缘青蟹体内分布广泛,其表观分布容积(Vd)为2.129 L/kg;分布半衰期(t1/2α)和消除半衰期(t1/2β)分别为3.200 h和47.856 h,总体清除率(CLs)为0.063 mL/(kg.h)。肌肉和肝胰脏中土霉素浓度与时间关系的药动学参数采用统计矩原理分析,其消除半衰期(t1/2 z)分别为60.145 h和71.009 h,总体清除率(CLz)分别为0.054 g/(kg.h)和0.037 g/(kg.h)。土霉素在精巢和卵巢中达峰时间分别为8 h和12 h,峰浓度分别为9.83μg/g和10.26μg/g。给药后24 d时,血浆、肌肉、肝胰脏、精巢和卵巢中土霉素含量都已低于0.10μg/g。土霉素在锯缘青蟹体内消除比较缓慢。 相似文献
5.
采用UPLC-MS/MS法研究了2μg·L-1三次连续水体药浴和6μg·L-1一次性水体药浴条件下阿维菌素在水体中消除、在异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)体内蓄积和消除变化规律。结果显示,两种药浴暴露方式下阿维菌素在水体中消除呈一级指数衰退消除,消除半衰期(t1/2)均为63 h,240 h时浓度下降到0.5μg·L-1以下。阿维菌素在异育银鲫血浆和肌肉中的含量均呈先升高后下降的趋势,血浆中药物浓度远高于肌肉中的含量。2μg·L-1连续三次药浴组和6μg·L-1一次药浴组血药峰浓度(Cmax)分别为34.97、66.62μg·L-1,其曲线下面积(AUC0-t)分别为9 871.2μg·L-1·h和18 119.6μg·L-1·h;两组药浴肌肉中达峰浓度分别4.42μg·kg-1和15.80μg·kg-1,其AUC0-t分别为641.9μg·kg-1·h和4 271.0μg·kg-1·h。与2μg·L-1连续三次药浴组相比,6μg·L-1一次药浴组阿维菌素在血浆和肌肉中的蓄积作用更加显著。以10μg·kg-1作为阿维菌素在异育银鲫肌肉中最大残留限量,选择95%的置信区间计算异育银鲫肌肉组织中休药期,本研究中2μg·L-1连续三次药浴组肌肉的休药期为295.4 h,6μg·L-1一次药浴组肌肉的休药期为454.5 h。 相似文献
6.
通过肌内注射、口灌两种给药方式,研究氟苯尼考在罗非鱼体内的药物代谢动力学特征。把吉富罗非鱼(GIFT Oreochromis niloticus)随机分成2组,控制水温在30℃,以15 mg/kg分别单剂量肌内注射、口灌给药。经高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定血浆中氟苯尼考浓度,用Win Nonlin药动学软件分析药动学参数。结果表明:肌内注射氟苯尼考后,药物吸收较慢,消除较快,达峰时间(T_(max))=4 h,峰浓度(C_(max))=4.64μg/mL,消除半衰期(T_(1/2λ)z L)=10.45 h,药-时曲线下面积(AUC)=91.06μg·h/mL。口灌氟苯尼考后,药物吸收较快,消除较慢,T_(max)=1 h,C_(max)=5.92μg/mL,T_(1/2λ)z L=13.13 h,AUC=61.96μg·h/mL。肌内注射、口灌氟苯尼考后,二者的药动学参数差异显著,这一差异表明肌内注射给药吸收相对较慢,但更为完全(肌内注射氟苯尼考的AUC明显较大),消除相对较快。 相似文献
7.
为探究水产养殖中恩诺沙星用药后在水环境中的归趋，本实验在模拟池塘水产养殖系统中，恩诺沙星以18 mg/kg剂量药饵投喂异育银鲫，每天2次、给药周期6 d，研究恩诺沙星在异育银鲫体内吸收、分布、代谢和消除规律，以及在水体和底泥中的分布规律。结果显示，异育银鲫组织中恩诺沙星峰浓度(Cmax)依次为肠道>肾脏>肌肉>鳃>肝脏>血浆，分别为14.15、13.31、14.15、7.48、7.94 mg/kg和2.94 mg/L；各组织中均可检测到代谢产物环丙沙星，其峰浓度与恩诺沙星峰浓度的百分比分别为5.10%、1.70%、6.28%、2.97%、2.90%和6.53%；组织中恩诺沙星清除率(CLz)顺序为血浆>肝脏>肠道>鳃>肌肉>肾脏。随着给药次数增多，水体中恩诺沙星残留浓度快速升高，在最后一次给药后6 h时达到峰值(5.23μg/L)，随后开始下降，但水体中一直未检测到代谢产物环丙沙星；底泥中恩诺沙星首先呈现上升趋势，在240 h达到峰值(796μg/kg)，之后略有下降，480 h时降... 相似文献
8.
在水温(28±2)℃、盐度28条件下,采用30mg/kg的剂量口灌法,用HPLC-MS/MS检测研究了盐酸氯苯胍在体质量为(350.15±5.18)g的眼斑拟石首鱼体内的药代动力学和残留消除规律。结果显示,单剂量口灌给药后,眼斑拟石首鱼血浆中盐酸氯苯胍的药时数据符合一级吸收二室模型,药物在血浆中的达峰时间、血药质量浓度峰值、药时曲线下面积和消除半衰期分别为2.39h、958.78μg/L、33 247.57μg/(L·h)和19.24h;盐酸氯苯胍在肌肉、肝脏和肾脏的血药含量峰值分别为156.72、227.68μg/kg和553.44μg/kg,达峰时间分别为2.0、1.5、2.0h;药时曲线下面积分别4664.04、4897.74、17 228.19μg/(kg·h);消除半衰期分别为19.68、24.33、22.81h。按30mg/kg剂量连续5d口灌给药后,鱼血浆、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中的药物消除半衰期(t1/2)分别为24.46、35.39、39.60、33.94h。若以10μg/kg为最高残留限量,肌肉作为食用靶组织,在本试验条件下,建议休药期不少于7d。 相似文献
9.
为研究伊乐藻—螺蛳组合对湖滨湿地水体净化效果并探究两者的最优密度搭配,通过不同密度的伊乐藻(100 g/m~2、200 g/m~2、300 g/m~2)和螺蛳(120 g/m~2、240 g/m~2、360 g/m~2)组合,研究在不同搭配比例条件下,伊乐藻的生长情况,螺蛳的存活率和生长情况。检测了水体中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝酸盐氮(NO_3~--N)和亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2~--N)的质量浓度变化,以及底泥中的TN、TP和COD变化情况。结果显示:伊乐藻—螺蛳组合对水体及底泥中的N、P和COD有很好的去除效果,伊乐藻初始密度为200 g/m~2时,净化效率最高。本试验中,各试验组伊乐藻的最终生物量无显著差异,接近于(554.31±29.60)g;螺蛳密度高对COD有更好的去除效果,然而360 g/m~2密度组死亡率较高。研究表明:在本试验条件下,伊乐藻200 g/m~2、螺蛳240 g/m~2是最优密度搭配。 相似文献
10.
本实验在(26±2)℃的养殖水温下,采用高效液相色谱–串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)研究了以30 mg/(kg·bw)的剂量对鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)进行单次投喂药饵后甲砜霉素(Thiamphenicol,TAP)在鲤鱼体内的药物代谢动力学。通过DAS 2.0动力学软件分析TAP在鲤鱼体内的药–时数据,结果表明符合一级吸收二室模型。TAP在肌肉、肾脏、肝脏、鱼皮、鳃、脾脏和血浆各组织的药物达峰时间(T_(peak))分别为16、2、16、8、0、2和16 h,达峰浓度(C_(max))分别为15.6、35.3、12.4、9.0、33.0、11.6 mg/kg和21.0 mg/L;药–时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为1084.5、1578.1、777.3、541.1、0.1、478.1 mg/(kg·h)和485.1 mg/(L·h),消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))分别为11.4、100.2、54.2、41.1、69.5、38.0和71.9 h。TAP在鲤鱼体内各组织的分布和消除速率相差较大;在肾脏中的药物达峰时间短且达峰浓度高于其他组织,其消除半衰期也明显高于其他组织,推测肾脏是鲤鱼体内TAP蓄积和代谢的主要器官。按照农业部《动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量》文件规定,TAP在水产动物中最高残留限量(MRL)不得高于50μg/kg,本研究中,肌肉、肾脏、肝脏、鱼皮、脾脏和血浆的TAP残留量低于MRL的时间分别从第16、16、12、12、12、10和12天开始,将肌肉和肾脏作为TAP药物残留的靶组织,建议休药期不得低于16 d。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
13.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
14.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
15.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
16.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
17.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
18.
Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
19.
T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献