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1.
采用细胞培养、超薄切片电镜观察、巢式PCR检测以及病毒DNA克隆与测序分析等技术, 从湖北武汉一循环水养殖系统中患出血病异育银鲫(Carassius auratusgibelio)体内分离鉴定了一株鲤疱疹病毒2型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 2, CyHV-2)病毒, 命名为鲤疱疹病毒2型武汉株(CyHV-2-WH)。患病鱼组织匀浆液接种锦鲤鳍条细胞系(Koi-Fin)可产生典型的细胞病变效应。用患病鱼组织匀浆液与细胞培养物分别人工感染异育银鲫, 均可重复出与自然发病相同的症状, 死亡率达100%。患病鱼脾与肾脏组织超薄切片电镜观察结果显示, 病毒为具囊膜的球形病毒, 囊膜直径为170~200 nm, 病毒衣壳直径为110~120 nm, 病毒在细胞核内复制、组装。采用CyHV-2的特异引物对病鱼样本和感染细胞培养物样本进行巢式PCR检测, 均能扩增出357 bp的目的条带, 将该扩增产物进行测序与比对分析后发现, 其与GenBank中已报道的CyHV-2毒株的DNA解旋酶基因高度同源(99.44%以上), 与鲤疱疹病毒3型(CyHV-3)也有较高的同源性(81.55%)。系统进化分析结果显示, CyHV-2-WH株与JS2012、H.Fukuda、YC110907等CyHV-2病毒株属同一分支。 相似文献
2.
褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata)样本壳长(9.50±1.05) cm、壳高(6.45±0.81) cm, 暂养1周。40只随机分成试验组和对照组, 每组20只。用Trizol 法提取经诱导刺激后0、6、12、24、36、48 h的血液、外套膜、鳃、肝胰腺组织RNA, 构建褶纹冠蚌cDNA文库并从中获得防御素基因cDNA全长序列。结果表明, 褶纹冠蚌防御素序列全长为514 bp, 其中5’ UTR 有57 bp; 3’ UTR 有242 bp, 含有一个poly(A)尾; 开放阅读框长度为192 bp, 编码63个氨基酸组成的蛋白质, 该蛋白N端为1个由23个氨基酸构成的信号肽, 成熟肽由40个氨基酸组成, 理论等电点为8.72, 分子量为7.13 kD。三级结构预测显示其由一个 α 螺旋和两个 β 折叠片组成, 形成典型的CSαβ结构。通过注射109 cell/mL 的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)刺激褶纹冠蚌, 半定量分析PCR对褶纹冠蚌血液、外套膜、鳃和肝胰腺组织的防御素基因表达, 结果表明, 诱导前防御素基因在外套膜组织中表达量最高, 约为血液和鳃的1.25倍, 肝胰腺次之。在诱导0、6、12、24、36、48 h后, 对照组的防御素基因表达量在血液和鳃中无明显变化, 而在外套膜和肝胰腺中则呈现先略有下降而后上升; 试验组防御素基因在血液中 12 h 时表达量最高, 随后略有下降, 而在外套膜、鳃和肝胰腺组织中表达量均在 0 h 时出现峰值, 而后呈现下降趋势; 外套膜和鳃的表达量分别在 24 h 和 36 h 略有上升。本研究通过分析褶纹冠蚌防御素基因全序列, 并利用嗜水气单胞菌对褶纹冠蚌进行注射感染, 探讨防御素基因的表达规律, 以期为防御素对贝类非特异性免疫的影响提供基础依据。 相似文献
3.
研究不同温度(10、15、20、25、30℃, 光照强度80 μmol穖?穝?, 盐度30)、光照强度(20、60、100、200、300 μmol穖?穝?, 培养温度20℃, 培养液盐度30)和盐度(盐度10、20、30、40和50, 培养温度20℃, 光照强度80 μmol穖?穝?)对瓦氏马尾藻(Sargassum vachellianum)生长、光合色素含量及光合放氧活性的影响。结果表明, 3种环境因子对瓦氏马尾藻生长、光合色素含量及光合放氧活性影响显著(P<0.05)。其中, 瓦氏马尾藻适宜生长条件为: 温度15~20℃, 最适温度为20℃; 光照强度20~60 μmol穖?穝?; 盐度20~40, 最适盐度为30。最高特定生长率达5.80%穌?。温度高于25℃或光照强度大于200 μmol?/SPAN>m?穝?或盐度小于10或大于50藻体2两周后基本停止生长并出现发白、变软、腐烂现象。温度10~20℃、光照强度20~60 μmol穖?穝?、盐度20~40时较适宜瓦氏马尾藻光合色素的积累。温度20℃、光照强度100 μmol穖g?穐?、盐度30时瓦氏马尾藻的光合放氧活性最高, 最高值达258.50 μmol?/SPAN>m?穝?。与低光强相比高光强对瓦氏马尾藻光合放氧活性的抑制作用不明显。研究结果为瓦氏马尾藻的栽培和藻场修复提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
利用听性脑干反应技术, 研究了胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)的听觉阈值。通过插入皮下的电极记录了10尾胭脂鱼的短纯音听觉诱发电位。结果显示, 在系统最大声强下, 胭脂鱼的听频范围为100~5 000 Hz, 其中对100~2 000 Hz的声音敏感度较高, 最敏感的频率为800 Hz, 听觉阈值约为69.8 dB。随着声强的减小, 胭脂鱼的听性脑干反应波形最大, 振幅减小, 潜伏期延长。将10尾胭脂鱼的阈值平均, 得到了胭脂鱼的听性脑干反应听力图。胭脂鱼的听力图呈“U”形, 属于典型的动物听力曲线。研究胭脂鱼的听觉阈值对胭脂鱼物种保护具有重要意义, 同时可为评估噪声对胭脂鱼的影响提供数据支持。 相似文献
5.
根据2011年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)对东山湾生态环境的调查资料, 初步探讨了东山湾海水、沉积物和养殖贝类体中滴滴涕(DDTs)残留水平、分布趋势和组成特征, 并对东山湾生态环境中DDTs污染状况及其生态风险进行了评价。结果表明: (1)春季(5月)和夏季(8月)东山湾表层海水中DDTs质量浓度范围分别为ND~25.7 ng/L和ND~36.7 ng/L, 平均值分别为(6.08±3.02) ng/L和(16.30±4.78) ng/L; 底层海水中DDTs质量浓度范围分别为ND~30.6 ng/L和ND~36.7ng/L, 平均值分别为(7.75±2.07) ng/L和(13.30±5.12) ng/L, 总体上, 东山湾海水中DDTs浓度分布呈夏季高于春季、近岸高于远岸、由湾内向湾外下降的格局。与国内其他海湾相比, 东山湾海水中DDTs污染处于低水平状态, 但邻近漳江入海口海域的DS03站和DS11站可能有新的污染源输入。(2)东山湾表层沉积物中DDTs含量范围5.56~12.80 μg/kg, 平均值为(9.00±5.34) μg/kg, 总体上呈现由湾内向湾外下降之势, 东山湾表层沉积物中DDTs残留可能对生物产生负效应, 毒性风险为25%~75%。(3)东山湾海域养殖贝类DDTs的残留量在种类间存在一定的差异, 其DDTs含量范围在1.68~26.60 μg/kg, 平均值为15.70 μg/kg, 污染指数范围在0.007~2.660, 均值为1.580, 超标率达到71.4%, 超标倍数最高达1.66倍, 说明东山湾部分贝类受到DDTs的污染。 相似文献
6.
以建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. jian)F1群体的94尾个体为材料, 利用254个微卫星标记构建了建鲤的遗传图谱, 并对体长、体高和体厚性状进行了QTL定位, 共检测到17个生长相关性状QTL, 分布在10个连锁群上, 解释表型变异为10.8%~35.2%。以相同的分子标记, 构建建鲤与镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)的比较图谱, 分析了建鲤和镜鲤群体生长性状QTL的同源性关系。结果表明, 建鲤与镜鲤图谱具有广泛的共线性或同线性关系, 建鲤每个连锁群在镜鲤图谱中均找到了对应的同源连锁群, 其中建鲤10个生长性状QTL与镜鲤13个相同性状QTL具有同源性, 同源比例高达58.8%。同时发现, 建鲤QTL置信区间相对较大, 与之同源的镜鲤QTL置信区间较小, 通常位于建鲤QTL子区间内, 定位结果更精细。此外, 建鲤与镜鲤连锁群上都存在QTL的富集区域, 而这些富集区域常常存在于同源连锁群的共线性区域, 可作为标记辅助选择的重点区域。鲤通用QTL的发掘, 为分子标记辅助育种和更进一步的精细定位打下基础。 相似文献
7.
选用初始体质量为(220.00±8.34) g的吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)360尾, 随机分成6组,每组3重复(每重复20尾), 于1 m×1 m×1.5 m池塘网箱中饲养。分别饲喂胆碱含量为97.80(对照组)、375.04、565.74、974.27、 1 409.81、1 824.35 mg/kg的半纯化饲料10周, 研究胆碱对吉富罗非鱼成鱼生长、饲料利用、鱼体营养组成、胆碱蓄积量及部分血液生化指标的影响。结果显示, 经过10周的饲喂, 饲料中添加胆碱可显著提高鱼体增重率、特定生长率和饲料效率(P<0.05); 降低肝脂肪含量(P<0.05), 提高肌肉脂肪含量(P<0.05); 显著升高肝胆碱蓄积量(P<0.05); 胆碱添加组血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(T-CHO)显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 并随饲料胆碱含量增加呈现升高的趋势; 肝甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(T-CHO)随着胆碱含量的增加而显著降低(P<0.05); 血清谷草转氨酶(ALT)、谷丙转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)均随着饲料胆碱含量的增大而显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明, 饲料中添加适量的胆碱可以改善吉富罗非鱼成鱼的生长性能, 提高饲料利用效率, 降低肝脂肪含量, 促进肝脂肪转运; 对特定生长率进行回归分析, 得出吉富罗非鱼成鱼对饲料中胆碱的最低需要量为506.43 mg/kg, 而对肝胆碱蓄积量回归分析得出的需要量为981.38 mg/kg。 相似文献
8.
以牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)抗病群体(RS)、RS(♂)与从日本引进的日本群体(♀)交配建立的群体(RJ)、日本群体(♂)与RS(♀)交配建立的群体(JR)、以及韩国群体(KS)为基础群体, 通过随机交配建立牙鲆家系, 研究了4个群体作为亲本的育种性能。待所建立的家系生长至19月龄左右时, 测量家系生长性状, 包括全长和体质量, 测量所得数据用SPSS及DMU软件中的REML算法和BLUP方法进行分析。结果显示, 从表型参数可以看出KS(♂)×RJ(♀)杂交后代表现出明显的生长优势。19月龄牙鲆全长和体质量的遗传力分别为0.301、0.295, 都属于中等遗传力。因此, 牙鲆群体具有较好的遗传改良潜力。全长、体质量育种值与其表型值的相关系数分别为0.838和0.827, 且呈极显著相关(P<0.01), 表明个体育种值的预测结果具有较高的准确性。对父母本分别进行育种值比较可知, 父本中KS的育种值最高, 母本中RJ的育种值最高, 因此选用KS(♂)和RJ(♀)杂交可培育出生长迅速的牙鲆新品种。本研究通过比较4个资源群体牙鲆生长性状的育种性能, 并以此作为筛选优良亲本群体的重要依据, 旨在为牙鲆新品种的成功选育奠定理论基础, 同时为牙鲆的进一步遗传改良提供重要的科学依据。 相似文献
9.
在B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞的发育过程中, BCR和TCR基因座(Igκ、Igλ、Igh、Tcrα、Tcrβ、Tcrγ、Tcrδ)的可变区(V)、多样区(D)、链接区(J)发生V(D)J重排, 该重排过程是在重组激活蛋白(RAG-1和RAG-2)的作用下完成的, V(D)J重排机制使机体拥有庞大的抗体库, 以应对自然界中多元的病原微生物。RAGs结构分为核心区和非核心区, 核心区域发挥着重要的基因片段酶切功能, 而非核心区域的九聚体序列(nonamer)、锌指等结构具有调节V(D)J重排的功能。RAGs的功能在转录水平、染色体水平以及蛋白水平受到严格的时间和空间调控, 以保证B/T细胞的正常发育。随着国内外学者对哺乳动物RAGs基因的结构与功能机制的深入研究, RAGs也在淡水鱼和海水鱼中有了越来越多的报道。由于RAGs的功能特点以及在进化过程中的稳定性, 其已成为研究鱼类免疫系统发育过程和系统进化的重要分子标记。本文在赤点石斑鱼 (Epinephelus akaara) RAGs研究的基础上探讨了RAGs定位鱼类免疫系统的发生过程, 旨在为鱼类人工繁殖技术的突破、鱼类疫苗的开发与研制以及鱼类免疫学研究等提供理论借鉴。 相似文献
10.
采用室内封闭静水式呼吸代谢实验装置, 开展不同水温梯度、不同体质量的南海野生真蛸(Octopus vulgaris)的呼吸代谢实验, 分析了不同水温条件下真蛸耗氧率和排氨率的变化, 不同体质量真蛸耗氧率和排氨率的变化, 以及真蛸呼吸代谢底物O:N比的变化。结果表明, 水温变化对南海野生真蛸耗氧率和排氨率有明显影响, 体质量对耗氧率和排氨率的影响不显著(P<0.05)。在16~32℃实验水温范围内, 不同水温梯度下, 相同体质量南海野生真蛸耗氧率及排氨率呈现先升高后降低的趋势; 相同水温条件下, 随着个体体质量的增加, 南海野生真蛸的耗氧率和排氨率虽有缓慢下降但不明显(P>0.05)。24℃可能为南海野生真蛸呼吸代谢的转折点, 在该水温下, 其耗氧率和排氨率最高, 代谢速率最快, 单位体质量真蛸的耗氧率和排氨率分别为0.86 mg/(g∙h)和36.69 μg/(g∙h)。真蛸呼吸代谢底物分析结果中, 在24~28℃水温变化范围内, O:N比不断增加, 表明真蛸呼吸消耗的能量中蛋白质供能比例不断降低。 相似文献
11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets ( p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control ( p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control ( p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS ( p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control ( p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control ( p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish ( Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL ?1 (1.25 ng well ?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg ?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
19.
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama ( S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity ( p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio ( p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP ( p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
20.
Plasma estradiol-17 (E 2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch ( Morone americana) and white bass ( M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E 2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E 2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
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